MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Teacher Education

LESSON II: VALUES FORMATION

Introduction:

Value means moral ideas, simply attitudes or preferences. Sometimes

it connotes rightness or goodness. But is there such a thing as right, or
universal value? Is the right value for me also a right value to others?
What is considered good, desirable and proper or bad, undesirable and
improper?

Education in values means the cultivation of affectivity, leading the

educand through exposure to an experience of value and of the
vulnerable.
--R. Aquino

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, the students must have:

1. explained transcendent values;
2. discussed how value formation help us
make decisions; and
3. demonstrated understanding on the
hierarchy of values.

Castro Ave., Laoag City, 2900 Ilocos Norte, Philippines

 [email protected]  (077) 600-2014 www.mmsu.edu.ph
 MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Teacher Education

Activating Prior Knowledge

Using the table below, write ways in which you can show your love, care and concern
to others.

Students Co-workers

Love

Care

Concern

1.

Castro Ave., Laoag City, 2900 Ilocos Norte, Philippines

 [email protected]  (077) 600-2014 www.mmsu.edu.ph
 MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Teacher Education

Content Input

VALUES FORMATION

Is there such thing as unchanging and universal value?

Let us look at the view of an idealists. For them there are such thing as unchanging
and universal value. They believe that the value of love, care and concern for others, for all
people regardless of time and space, remained unchanged. We call these as Transcendent
Values, they remain to be a value even if no one values them. Values that are everywhere.

On the other hand, relativists claim that there are no universal and unchanging
values. They belief that values are dependent on time and place. The values during the
times of our forefathers are not necessarily the right values today.

Values Formation

Values are taught and caught. Values are taught in school as a subject and sometimes it
is integrated in other subjects. But it doesn’t mean that values cannot be caught. Action
speaks louder than voice. The actions are living examples at home, school, and society
which is far greater influence than those what we read and what we hear. Just like children,
they copy what they see from adults. Telling them what is good, what is right, is not a
guarantee they will follow you, you should set as an example to them, as they say, teach
what you preach.

Values have cognitive, affective and behavioral dimensions. Your value formation
as teachers will necessarily include the three dimensions:
a. Cognitive – this is your mental understanding and readiness. We need to know why
we have to value such. We need to know how to live by that value.
b. Affective – this is your experience toward something. It is how we deal with things
emotionally. It is not only something that we feel but we must experience or apply it
also.
c. Psychomotor or behavioral – this is living by the value. We need to imitate, practice
and adapt the value if we really value the value.

Castro Ave., Laoag City, 2900 Ilocos Norte, Philippines

 [email protected]  (077) 600-2014 www.mmsu.edu.ph
 MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Teacher Education
We, as a teacher should be open to and attentive in value lessons, be active and
associate with model teachers to broaden our horizons.

Values is a training of the intellect and will. Train your cognitive and rational
appetitive powers. Your intellect distinguishes a value and presents it to the will as a right or
wrong value. Your will wills act on the right value and will avoid the wrong value presented
by the intellect. In short, your intellect must be enlightened by what is true.

William Kelly (1965) state that, “it is necessary that you develop your intellect in its
three functions: formation of ideas, judgment and reasoning”. Therefore, you should
develop your will to be strong enough to act on good things and avoid the bad things that
our intellect presents.
So, we must start now doing good and continue being good.

According to Max Scheler, our hierarchy of values is shown in our preferences and
decisions. For instance, you may prefer to absent from your class because you want to
attend a wedding of your friend. Another one may prefer attending class and you may visit
your friend after your class. Aquino (1990) presents Scheler’s hierarchy of values as shown
below:

Values of the Holy

Spiritual Values

Vital Values

Pleasure Values

Scheler’s Hierarchy of Values

Castro Ave., Laoag City, 2900 Ilocos Norte, Philippines

 [email protected]  (077) 600-2014 www.mmsu.edu.ph
 MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Teacher Education

Values Description Example

Pleasure Values Pleasant vs. unpleasant Sensual feelings

Agreeable vs. disagreeable Experience of pleasure or
pain
Vital Values pertaining to the well- Health
Values being either of the individual or Vitality
the community Capability
Excellence
Spiritual Values independent of the whole Aesthetic values: beauty vs.
Values sphere of the body and of the ugliness
environment Values of right and wrong
Grasped in spiritual acts of Values of pure knowledge
preferring loving and hating
Values of the Appear only in regard to objects Belief
Holy intentionally given as absolute Adoration
objects Bliss

The lowest pertains to those sensual pleasure while the highest to the Supreme
Being. We give higher preference to higher values and less to the lowest values. We have to
less prioritize our pleasure, our wants and give high regard to spiritual, as we all know, man
cannot live by bread alone. We need to be more concerned with matters that are right and
what is beautiful.

The following criteria will help you know if what you really want to be your values is
something you really consider to be a value:
a. freely chosen (Did you choose it freely?)
b. chosen from among alternatives (Did you choose it from among alternatives?)
c. chosen after due reflection (Did you choose it after thoughtful consideration of the
consequences of your choose?)
d. prized and cherished (Do you cherish it?)
e. publicly affirmed (Do you affirm it publicly?)
f. incorporated into actual behavior (Do you act on it?)
g. acted upon repeatedly in one’s life (Do you act on it repeatedly/habitually?)

Castro Ave., Laoag City, 2900 Ilocos Norte, Philippines

 [email protected]  (077) 600-2014 www.mmsu.edu.ph
 MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Teacher Education

Check for Understanding

Activity 1

Reflect and write your answer on the following questions:

1. What are the problems and issues related to teachers’ character and behavior that
you are aware of?

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2. Who among your former teachers have greatly influenced you to become a
teacher? Why?

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Castro Ave., Laoag City, 2900 Ilocos Norte, Philippines

 [email protected]  (077) 600-2014 www.mmsu.edu.ph
 MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Teacher Education

Activity 2

What have you learned and realized from the lesson? What changed in you after
learning the lesson?

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Castro Ave., Laoag City, 2900 Ilocos Norte, Philippines

 [email protected]  (077) 600-2014 www.mmsu.edu.ph