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How Do Automatic Transmission

An automatic transmission can automatically change gear ratios as a vehicle moves, allowing the driver to not manually shift gears. It uses a torque converter and planetary gear set with different components that can be locked or unlocked to provide gear ratios and change gears. Hydraulic pressure controls the gear changing sequence.

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28 views

How Do Automatic Transmission

An automatic transmission can automatically change gear ratios as a vehicle moves, allowing the driver to not manually shift gears. It uses a torque converter and planetary gear set with different components that can be locked or unlocked to provide gear ratios and change gears. Hydraulic pressure controls the gear changing sequence.

Uploaded by

Sebastian Lelouch
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Automatic Transmission:

 An automatic transmission, also called auto, self-shifting transmission, n-speed


automatic, or AT, is a type of motor vehicle transmission that can automatically change
gear ratios as the vehicle moves, freeing the driver from having to shift gears manually.
 Your engine connects to your transmission at a place called a bell housing. The bell
housing contains a torque converter for automatic transmission -equipped vehicles as
opposed to a clutch on manual vehicles.
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owners and operators.

How Automatic Transmission Works:

If you have ever driven a car with an Automatic Transmission, then you know that there are
two big differences between an automatic transmission and a manual transmission:

1. There is no clutch pedal in an automatic transmission car.


2. There is no gear shift in an automatic transmission car. Once you put the transmission
into drive, everything else is automatic.

Both the automatic transmission and a manual transmission accomplish exactly the same thing,
but they do it in totally different ways. It turns out that the way an automatic transmission does it
is absolutely amazing.
Automatic transmission fluid provides the necessary pressure to activate clutches and bands that
in turn determines what gear the vehicle should be in. The planetry gearset is what’s responsible
for changing gear ratios, and it consists of a sun gear surrounded by smaller planet gears carried
by a planet carrier enclosed in a ring gear.

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Parth Gaurav, I am an Automobile Engineer


Answered Dec 22, 2018 · Author has 66 answers and 46.8k answer views
When it comes to performance the automatic transmission is the most popular choice among
the automakers. The most common form of automatic transmission is ‘Hydraulic Automatic
Transmission’. It uses a torque converter and a set of planetary gear set to provide different gear
ratios.

The basic parts of planetary gear set are:- sun gear and 3 planet gears. They are held by a
planet carrier and over planet carrier, there is a ring gear.

Planetary gear set has two inputs and one output. The two inputs are connected to the ring gear
and sun gears. The operation of the automatic transmission is all about giving different
rotational speeds into ring and sun gear. This can be achieved by installing a few clutch packs.
In an automatic transmission, there is no direct connection between input and output shaft rather
there is an intermediate shaft between these two.

Torque Converter

The torque converter is connected to the drivetrain. It acts as a fluid drive between engine and
transmission.

The torque converter has the three main components:-

 Impeller : The impeller is bolted to the flywheel.


 Turbine : The turbine is connected to the gearbox input shaft.
 Central Reactor : The central reactor which is connected between the turbine and the
input shaft has a one-way clutch called a freewheel.
As the engine speed increases, the centrifugal force which is acting on the hydraulic fluid
through the impeller transmits the torque to the turbine.

The central reactor converts this torque by changing the flow of fluid back to the impeller to give
higher torque at low speed. When the engine speeds up and develops more power, the need for
this torque amplification minimizes and the reactor freewheels.

Also Read :

 Manual Transmission - Basics, Types and Working


 Know About Car Specifications
 Transmission - Basics and Types

Mostly, 4-speed automatic transmissions are used (3 forward and 1 reverse).

The locking sequences of planetary gear set are achieved by hydraulic pressure operating multi-
plate clutches.

The proper sequence of pressure building and releasing is controlled by hydraulic valves which
are connected with the sensors that respond to the engine load, road speed ,and throttle opening.

A mechanism known as kickdown is used for rapid acceleration. When you press the
accelerator to its extent, a lower gear is selected instantly.

Gear 1

 Input → Sun Gear : The sun gear is driven by the torque converter which is driven by the
engine.
 Fixed → Ring Gear : The ring gear is held stationary by multi-plate brake.
 Output → Planet Carrier : The planet carrier is connected to the output which drives the
wheels of the car.

OUTPUT SPEED < INPUT SPEED

Gear 2

 Input → Sun Gear : The sun gear is driven by the torque converter which is driven by the
engine.
 Fixed → Planetary Gear Set : The planetary gear set is held stationary by multi-plate
brake.
 Output → Ring Gear : The ring gear is connected to the output which drives the wheels
of the car.

OUTPUT = INPUT

Gear 3
 Input → Planet Carrier : The planet carrier is driven by the torque converter which is
driven by the engine.
 Fixed → Sun Gear : The sun gear is held stationary by multi-plate brake.
 Output → Ring Gear : The ring gear is connected to the output which drives the wheels
of the car.

OUTPUT SPEED > INPUT SPEED

Reverse Gear

 Input → Sun Gear : The sun gear is driven by the torque converter which is driven by the
engine.

Continue Reading

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Puneet Chhangani, Apprentice Development Officer at Life Insurance Corporation of India


(2019-present)
Answered Apr 29, 2017
Originally Answered: How does auto transmission work?

Your engine connects to your transmission at a place called a bell housing. The bell housing
contains a torque converter for automatic transmission-equipped vehicles as opposed to a clutch
on manual vehicles. The torque converter is a fluid coupling whose job it is to connect your
engine to your transmission and thus to your driven wheels. The transmission contains planetary
gearsets which are in charge of providing different gear ratios. To get a good understanding of
how the whole automatic

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