Vol.13 (2023) No.

6
ISSN: 2088-5334

An Extreme Programming Approach to Streamlining Thesis Writing

Andi Bahtiar Semma a, Muh Saerozi b, Kusrini Kusrini c, Abdul Syukur b, Achmad Maimun b
a
Information Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Salatiga, Salatiga, Indonesia
b
Magister of Islamic Education, Universitas Islam Negeri Salatiga, Salatiga, Indonesia
c
Magister of Informatics Engineering, Universitas AMIKOM Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Corresponding author: *[email protected]

Abstract—Thesis writing is a significant challenge for many university students, often leading to substantial stress, confusion, and
distress. Despite numerous studies to reduce academic stress, a specific solution for thesis writing has yet to be identified. This study
introduces Penamasy, a thesis writing management system designed to address this issue. Penamasy was developed using the Extreme
Programming (XP) methodology, effectively addressing the rapidly changing demands of university students in an academic
environment. The result was a user-friendly app delivered promptly and met the needs of students. The study consisted of three research
cycles, including user requirements, release planning, and acceptance tests, followed by an extended user acceptance test with students
and promoters from three universities. Results indicated a positive response, with 79.6% of respondents expecting a more systematic
and fuller online thesis writing experience, enabling them to complete their theses promptly. In conclusion, Penamasy provides a
solution for university students facing the stress and difficulties of thesis writing. By streamlining the process and offering a systematic
approach, students can focus on their research with confidence in the control of their writing process. Nevertheless, this study can be
used as a guide in resolving students' academic stress and many other pragmatic problems that occur, especially in an educational
environment. Future studies should involve users choosing UI component libraries, performance evaluation, and possible workflows.

Keywords—Extreme programming; academic stress; thesis writing.

Manuscript received 18 Feb. 2023; revised 14 May 2023; accepted 6 Nov. 2023. Date of publication 31 Dec. 2023.
IJASEIT is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International License.

advancement. Through education collaboration, digital

I. INTRODUCTION technologies are growing beyond new and less traditional
For many years, it was considered that the student was the methods of teaching and learning [24]–[27]. These changes
least experienced with stress [1]. However, stress affects demonstrate that technology is crucial to education 4.0 [28].
everyone, regardless of their developmental level [2]–[6]. Technological innovations enable educators to comprehend
Many Western countries have extensively researched student and employ technology in educational activities to create a
stress and its implications [7], [8]. Academic stress occurs progressive educational experience [29], [30].
when students are overwhelmed by the knowledge required to Many previous studies [31]–[33] have been conducted to
grasp the materials and when substantial tasks are due [9]. reduce academic stress. This study utilized counseling and
Master students devote most of their second year of mediating approaches to reduce academic stress. However,
postgraduate study to writing a thesis. This term refers to a these studies did not provide a specific solution for reducing
formal academic document that a student develops and academic stress during thesis writing. This study aimed to
submits to fulfill the requirements of the master’s degree develop a full-online system to help university students
qualifications. Writing a thesis is daunting for most students decrease academic stress during thesis writing, especially
[10] because it demands them to have multiple complex caused by environmental obstacles (distance, traffic, and
abilities, such as preparing, conducting research, and logical weather). This study intended to design and develop a
analysis. Thus, they must struggle with and may face a Penamasy, a thesis writing journal system. This study also
substantial amount of obstacles [11]–[13] that lead to anxiety determines whether extreme programming methodology suits
[14]–[16], confusion, and distress [17]–[20]. rapidly changing users' demands, especially in an academic
Over the last decade, digitalization has transformed the environment. This study contributed to the decrease in
global educational structure [21]–[23], with practitioners, students’ academic stress at Indonesian Islamic State
researchers, and policymakers focusing on educational University. Besides that, this study also has practical

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implications to help developers gain an overview when discussed this in a high-level way so that the users could
developing software for rapidly changing demand, especially express their thoughts without prior technical knowledge. The
in an academic environment. Last but not least, this study has result of this FGD was that the web application (app) must be/
limitations: the final evaluation was conducted two months have (1) a Simple User Interface (UI); (2) Mobile Optimized;
after delivery and focused on students' perspectives. (3) Record all the thesis writing activities; and (4) Email
Nevertheless, this study can be used as a guide in resolving notifications.
students' academic stress and many other pragmatic problems
that occur, especially in an academic environment.
This study is structured into four main sections. The second
section is the methodology section, which describes this
study's system architecture, design, development, and
evaluation. The third section is the results and discussion
section, which presents the findings, categorization, and
analysis. Finally, the conclusion section describes the
conclusion, implications, and limitations and offers critical
recommendations for future research.

II. MATERIALS AND METHODS

Fig. 2 Design, development, and evaluation process of the Penamasy
A. System Architecture
The system architecture implemented in this study is D. Release Planning
illustrated in Figure 1. The Penamasy web application's final The User Interface (UI) of the Penamasy web prototype
version is deployed on Firebase. Whenever the web app is was developed using VueJs, an approachable, performant, and
opened, it prompts a username and password; the username is versatile framework for building web user interfaces, by
connected to a particular role (student or promotor). This referring to related research [39]–[41]. The app was
study uses Firestore as a database, Firebase hosting as a developed with a persistent state that the user just needs to log
hosting platform, and Appscrips as a serverless function to in first. With the analytical interaction component, the users
interact with Google's service (Automated Gmail). The can add all the information related to thesis writing.
promotor dashboard displays a list of its students and their Promotors could also add/ remove students based on a
details. It can advise the submitted thesis paper draft, add a “promotor decision letter” from the faculty. As for the search
custom thesis writing-related guidance link, and approve the UI component library, we refer to related UI components used
draft so students can go to the next section. The students' in other studies, such as [42]–[44]. In the search for an email
dashboard displays its thesis writing journal history, submit notification solution, we found from other research [45]–[47]
draft function, and gives comments on the promotors’ advice. that Google AppScript can interact with all of googles’
Every time a student or a promoter adds a journal entry, the services Application Programming Interface (API)
system will email the related person. For the apps’ database, by referring to other research [48],
[49], Google’s Firebase Firestore was used to store the data.
Google Cloud Firestore is a Not Only Structured Query
Language (NoSQL), document-based cloud-host, auto-scale
database solution. Each document is organized into
collections and may be linked to other subcollections. It has
queries that are significantly faster and more efficient than
Firebase Real-Time Database, as well as improved scalability
and its speed advantage over Firebase Real-Time Database
[50], Which means that the database will scale automatically
based on client requests.
E. User Acceptance Test
Fig. 1 System Architecture of the Penamasy
Thirty-four university students and promotors evaluated
B. Design, Development, and Evaluation of the Penamasy the User Interface (UI) and functionality of the Penamasy.
The development process, as shown in Figure 2, used The Penamasy prototype was presented to the participants so
Extreme Programming (XP) methodology [34]–[36] after that they could explore the prototype. Participants were then
comparing it with other methodologies [37]. Three research interviewed with questionnaires to evaluate and canvass
cycles of user requirements, release planning, and Acceptance comments from the participants concerning the UI and
test were conducted before the app release. Finally, after the functionality of the prototype. The questions were established
app was released, we conducted an extended user acceptance to evaluate the general UI design, the landing page, the
test with students and promotors from three universities. dashboard panel, the students' journal history, notifications,
and the analytical interaction of the prototype. Participants'
C. User requirement remarks and recommendations were composed and evaluated
We conducted a Focused Group Discussion (FGD) with to determine whether they call for further refinement of the
students and the promotor to discuss their needs [38]. We UI design in the next iteration. Remarks and

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recommendations that were simple and feasible within a short university logo was added, the edit button was moved to the
period were considered in the next release planning iteration. top left of the screen, and the student's commitment contract
On the other hand, remarks and recommendations that upload feature was added. Once the second Penamasy
required extensive effort and a significant revision of the prototype had been developed, the application was
application were regarded as a recommendation for further reevaluated by another group of twelve university students
research. and promoters. According to the participants' feedback, the
general navigation of the application is easy to use. Numerous
F. Final Acceptance Test participants thought the UI design was appealing, vibrant, and
The final version of Penamasy was built after three iterative visually pleasing. Promotors found the username and
project development cycles. One hundred and three university password system cumbersome. They have to ask students to
students and promotors from three Universities were chosen email and send the generated password. For the promotor
randomly to evaluate the efficacy of using the Penamasy in a dashboard, participants thought adding or deleting students
simulated scenario. Twenty-five different tasks were was necessary. The participant suggested that there must be
Categorized into UI, functionality, and academic stress. an upload feature regarding any file related to thesis writing.
Finally, based on their assumptions, the participant was asked
if there were any differences in the pressure/ stress when using C. Third Iteration Result
the application during Thesis writing. The participants were Remarks and recommendations from the second
made to log in, add journal entries, comment on journal assessment were considered in the design analysis of the third
entries, add the Thesis draft, approve the draft, and check iteration. The following modifications to the design were
email notifications. Successful tasks that participants could made: the username and password system changed to a token
accomplish were calculated for the Penamasy app's system so that the promotor only needs to generate a new
effectiveness. As for the UI test, participants were requested token and then send it to a related student; the delete students’
to evaluate the menu, buttons, colors, and layout and adopted function was also added; the file related to thesis writing
the Likert rating method by referring to a related scaling study upload feature was added. Once the third prototype had been
[51]–[53]. A central tendencies statistical tool was used to developed, the application was reevaluated by another group
determine if there is a substantial distinction between utilizing of twelve university students and promoters. According to the
and not utilizing the Penamasy on lessening students' anxiety/ participants' feedback, the general aspect of the prototype was
stress during Thesis writing. excellent and beneficial in the thesis writing process,
especially for the students who lived out of town. Overall, the
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS navigation was deemed intuitive and easy to comprehend.
There was a suggestion that an About page should be added,
A. First Iteration Result which explained the app briefly. The participant also suggests
The prototype app was designed and developed by the that there should be a change password feature. Even though
developer using XP methodology [34], [35], [54] and had the app is simple, many participants suggested that there
basic UI and functionality. When the app is opened, the should be a user manual.
welcome screen is displayed initially. The user is prompted to
enter a username and password once the “Log in” button is D. Final Evaluation Result
tapped/ clicked. After successfully logging in, the dashboard Remarks and recommendations from the third evaluation
screen opens. The main dashboard consists of the students' were considered in the final release's design analysis. The
list, which has added/ removed students, and the situated following modifications to the design were made: a simple
information, which contains the details of related students' about page was added, which explain the app detail and
thesis writing journals. Add a student button, which is located philosophy; the change password feature was added so that
on the bottom right. promotor can change their given password; the user manual
After the Penamasy prototype had been initially released, was added to the landing page, which explains all possible
the UI design was assessed by twelve university students and workflow of the app. In evaluating the effectiveness attribute,
promoters. Most participants stated that the app was generally 25 questionnaires were given to 103 participants from three
beneficial, especially for those living out of town. For general universities after using the app for two months. The
accessibility, the participant found the app nicely displayed questionnaires were categorized into UI, functionality, and
on a laptop or mobile phone. According to participant academic stress. The questionnaire was composed with a
feedback, many believe adding the University logo on the Likert scale (1-5) for its rating. The result can be seen in
landing page was necessary. For the edit button on the edit Figure 3.
profile form, the participants suggested that the button be The decreased stress category was divided into three
moved to the top left of the screen so that users do not need to groups: thesis writing speed, Increased motivation, and
scroll down. Promoter participants suggested that there should Academic stress decrease. The UI was rated 4.32/5.00 by
be a student contracts upload feature in which students can participants, which is surprisingly good; the functionality was
upload their commitment contracts. rated 4.43/5.00, which is relatively high also, and the decrease
in academic stress was rated 4.30/5.00, which is the main of
B. Second Iteration Result this study to decrease academic stress. The decreased
The second iteration's design analysis considered remarks academic stress category was divided into three groups and
and recommendations from the first assessment. The shown in Figure 4: thesis writing speed, rated 4.38/5.00;
following modifications to the design were made: the

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increase motivation, rated 4.28/5.00; and Academic stress, Regarding the most influential and least influential
rated 4.25/5.00. features, the results showed that the appointment feature was
deemed the most noteworthy by 57.5% of respondents. In
contrast, the least noteworthy feature was the OJSlike
workflow feature, with only 26.5% of votes. Additionally,
The decreased stress category

4,25
79.6% of respondents expected the Penamasy app to make
4,28 thesis writing more systematic and to allow for full online
completion, further reinforcing the idea that technology can
4,38 enhance the quality of education.
0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50 4,00 4,50 5,00
Evaluation Scale Users' Expectations
Academic stress decrease Increase motivation
Thesis writing speed
16%
Appointment Feature
OJS like Workflow
Fig. 3 Final evaluation results 27% 58%
Others
More specifically, the respondents were asked what the app
features were most influential and least influential in reducing
their academic stress. The result shows that 57.5% of
respondents believe that the most noteworthy feature was the Fig. 5 Users’ Expectations
‘Appointment feature’ and the least noteworthy feature was
the ‘OJS-like workflow feature’ with only 26.5% votes, In conclusion, the results indicate that the Penamasy app
illustrated in Figure 5. Furthermore, they asked what the has the potential to be a valuable tool for students, particularly
respondents expected after using the Penamasy app when those who live out of town, to manage their thesis writing
writing a thesis. The result shows that 79.6% of respondents process and reduce academic stress. The iterative design
expected that thesis writing would be more systematic and process, incorporating user feedback, highlights the
could be done fully online so that the students would finish it importance of user-centered design in developing educational
sooner. technology. The results of this study also align with previous
research [55]–[57], which suggests that technology can play a
significant role in enhancing the quality of education.
Final Evaluation Category

IV. CONCLUSION
4,30
This study aims to decrease academic stress by developing
4,43 a thesis writing management system. The result shows that
4,32
utilizing extreme programming methodology in a rapidly
changed request can result in a fast delivery time. Three cycles
of release planning were conducted to get the best
0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50 4,00 4,50 5,00
development result to satisfy users' demands. Finally, The UI
was rated 4.32/5.00 by participants, which is surprisingly
Evaluation Scale
good; the functionality was rated 4.43/5.00, which is
relatively high also, and the decrease in academic stress was
Academic Stress Decrease Functionality UI
rated 4.30/5.00, which is the main reason for this study to
decrease academic stress. The decreased academic stress
Fig. 4 The decreased stress category results
category was divided into three groups: Increased thesis
writing speed, which rated 4.38/5.00; increased motivation,
The evaluation results of the Penamasy app are quite
which rated 4.28/5.00; and decreased academic stress, which
promising, with participants rating the app highly in terms of
rated 4.25/5.00.
its user interface, functionality, and ability to reduce academic
The result shows that 57.5% of respondents believe that the
stress. The iterative design process, incorporating feedback
most influential feature in decreasing students' academic
from university students and promoters, made several
stress was the ‘Appointment feature’ and the least noteworthy
improvements to the app, including adding a university logo,
feature was the ‘OJSlike workflow feature’ with only 26.5%
a student contracts upload feature, and a token system for
votes. Finally, 79.6% of respondents expected that the thesis
logging in. The final evaluation, which consisted of a
writing would be more systematic and could be done fully
questionnaire given to 103 participants, showed that the app
online so that the students would finish the thesis writing
was rated highly in terms of UI and functionality and that its
sooner. This result could be concluded that the Penamasy
main goal of reducing academic stress was also achieved, with
thesis writing management system works great in decreasing
participants rating the decrease in academic stress at
students' academic stress and contributes to decreasing
4.30/5.00.
students’ academic stress at Indonesian Islamic State
University. Besides that, this study also has practical

2311
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