St.

Mary’s College of Baliuag

Baliuag, Bulacan
SY 2021-2022

ISO 9001:2015 Certified

Certificate No. 01 100 1534708
PAASCU Level III Accredited

Subject: Science Grade Level: 8 Quarter: First

Module Number: 3 Topic: Work, Power, and Energy

I. INTRODUCTION
Have you ever experienced being so exhausted in
a day? Why do you feel tired after a long day? Where do
you get your energy?

In Science, perhaps, energy is the most salient

concept. There are many forms of energy, and it is
involved in many situations.

Energy is needed for you to do work. You also

need it to have great power when you are doing work.

In this module, you will learn the definition of work,

power, and energy when it comes to Physics.

Figure 1. A student sleeping

II. THIS MODULE WAS MADE FOR YOU TO:

1. describe how work is related to power and energy
2. identify situations in which work is done and in which no work is done
3. explain work, power, and energy conceptually and operationally
4. identify and explain the factors that affect potential and kinetic energy
5. relates speed and position of object to energy possessed
6. solve problems involving work, power, and energy.

III. DISCUSSION
A. Presentation of the Lesson

When you hear the word “work,” what does it mean?

In Physics, work is a result of force moving an object

through a distance. There are two key ingredients to work-
force and displacement. For work to be done, three
conditions must be met:

1. there must be a force acting on an object,

2. the object must move a certain distance, and
3. there must be a component of the force in the
direction of the motion
According to the 1st and 2nd condition, there must be a
force acting on an object and it must move in a certain
distance. You exerted force on the wall, but it didn’t move,
therefore, you have not done work.
Figure 2. A boy pushing
a wall Try pushing a wall in your room.

Did you exert effort in pushing the wall? ___________

How much effort have you exerted? ___________
Did it move? ___________
If it did not move, have you done work? ___________
 If you lifted a book from the floor or picked up a pencil from the table, you are doing
work. However, if you are carrying your books while walking you are not doing work.
Why? The component of your force which is you carrying your books doesn’t have the
same direction which is you walking. For work to be done, the force and direction
should be the same.

Figure 3. A woman lifting a box

https://energyeducation.ca/wiki/images/thumb/2/2b/Lifting_a
_box.jpg/350px-Lifting_a_box.jpg
Work can be expressed mathematically as:

W = F·d
Whereas,
W = Work
F = Force
d = distance

Force is measured by the unit Newton and distance is always measured by meters.
The unit for work is Joules or J. One Joule is equivalent to one Newton of force causing
a displacement of one meter. In other words:

1 Joule = 1 Newton·meter
1 J = 1 N·m

Let us try solving problems including work. In solving problems, always follow GFFSA
which stands for:
• G – Given,
• F – Find,
• F – Formula to be used,
• S – Solution and,
• A – answer with unit

Sample Problem #1:

Calculate the work done on a 50-kg crate that was pushed along the floor with a
force of 20N for 5 meters.

GIVEN: Force = 20 N
Distance = 5 m

FIND: Work
FORMULA: W=F×d
SOLUTION: W = (20N)(5m)
ANSWER
W = 100 J / 100 N·m
WITH UNIT:

Sample Problem #2:

A 10-kg object experiences a horizontal force which causes it to accelerate at
5m/s2, moving at a distance of 20m, horizontally. How much work is done by the
force?
 GIVEN: Mass = 10 kg
Acceleration = 5 m/s2
Distance = 20 m
FIND: Work
Force
FORMULA: F = m·a
W = F·d
SOLUTION:
The value for force is not present in the problem,
but mass and acceleration were given, therefore, for
you to solve the work done you must first solve for the
force exerted on the object.

F = (10-kg)(5 m/s2)
F = 50 N

W = (50N)(20m)
W = 1000 J
ANSWER W = 1000 J
WITH UNIT: F = 50 N

Sample Problem #3:

A newborn baby who weighs 3.7 kg was lifted by his mother from the crib with a
force of 1.5N producing a work of 0.75J. Calculate the distance of the baby from
the crib.
GIVEN: Force = 1.5 N
Work = 0.75 J
FIND: Distance
FORMULA: 𝑊
𝑑=
𝐹
SOLUTION:
To calculate the distance, you must derive the
formula of work. You can use the formula triangle in
deriving formula.

0.75 𝐽
𝑑=
1.5 𝑁

ANSWER
WITH UNIT: d = 0.5 m

Now that you are familiar with how work is being done,
let us talk about how much work you exert in doing
activities.
Have you ever used a jumping rope? ______
Is there work being done when you jump on it? ______
How? _______________________________________
____________________________________________

There is work done when you are using a jumping

rope. The force from your feet propels you up making
your distance change. The component of the force is also
the same with your direction. Figure 4. A woman using
a jumping rope
https://cdn.nutrition.ph/wp-
How about the amount of work you have exerted? Get content/uploads/2019/06/Jumping
your sibling or someone in your house to use a jumping rope. -Rope.jpg
 Do 15 jumps as fast as you can. If you did the activity in
half the time, who did more work?

When you hear the word power, what comes first to your
mind?

In the concept of Physics, power is the amount of work done per unit time. Let’s
go back to you and your sibling who used the jumping rope.

You finished 15 jumps in half the time than your sibling, who has exerted more
power? The answer is you because power also talks about how fast a work is done.
Power can be expressed mathematically as:

𝑊
𝑃= Whereas,
𝑡 P = Power
W = Work
or t = time
F = force
d = distance
𝐹·𝑑
𝑃=
𝑡
The unit for power is watt. It is named after Scottish inventor, James Watt who
created the first ever steam engine. Watt is used to measure the power of small
appliances.

Let us try solving problems regarding power!

Sample Problem #4:

Gian climbs a flight of stairs in 60 seconds. If he weighs 450N and the stairs is 10m
from the ground, ho w much power will he develop?
GIVEN: Time = 60s
Force = 450 N
Distance = 10m

FIND: work
power
FORMULA: W = F·d
𝑊
𝑃=
𝑡

SOLUTION:
In this case, work was not given but force and
distance were. Therefore, you must solve first for the
work to solve for power.

W = (450N)(10m)
W = 4,500 J

4,500 𝐽
𝑃=
60 𝑠
P = 75 watts

ANSWER
P = 75 watts/W
WITH UNIT:
Sample Problem #5:
A lift motor must move a fully laden lift 4 m between floors in 1.5 s. The lift has an
upward force of 18,500 N. What is the power of the motor to raise the lift at a steady
speed?
GIVEN: Distance = 4 m
Time = 1.5 s
Force = 18,500 N
FIND: power
FORMULA: 𝐹·𝑑
𝑃=
𝑡
In this case, the formula has been shortened because the
work is not given. Take note that the formula for work is F*d –
force multiplied by distance.

SOLUTION:
(18,500𝑁) · (4𝑚)
𝑃=
1.5 𝑠
ANSWER
P = 49,333 W
WITH UNIT:

Look around you. What do you see? What have you noticed? Can you feel
something? Can you see or hear things? Something is making you see, feel, and hear.
There is some power at work. This thing is called energy. Energy makes things work,
move, or happen.
Now that you are familiar with how force can move an object and how fast it is
done, what makes you capable of doing work and having such power to execute it?
You are said to be energetic when you can do many things without feeling tired
instantly. Energy is the capacity to do work.
There are different kinds of energy. Energy can be stored or transferred from place
to place in various ways. When an object is in motion it is said to have kinetic energy.
Whenever you are walking or running, you possess kinetic energy. When you stop and
stay at rest, you possess potential energy.
Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) is the energy stored in an object as the
result of its vertical position or height. Some examples of objects that has GPE are
books on top of a shelf, a big chunk of rock at the top of a hill, and a pencil on top of a
table.
The Earth’s gravitational pull is the result of the stored energy in objects under
GPE. There is a direct relation between the mass of the object and its height. There is
also a direct relation between the object’s height and the gravitational pull of Earth. It
means that, the greater the mass of the object, and the greater its height, the greater
its gravitational potential energy. This can be expressed mathematically as:
GPE = mass × gravity × height
or
GPE = mgh
Remember that Earth’s gravitational pull has a constant magnitude of 9.8 m/s2. It
is also referred to as acceleration due to gravity. Energy is always measured by
Joules.

Let us try solving problems regarding Gravitational Potential Energy!

 Sample Problem #6:
How much potential energy does a 70 kg high diver have on the 10-meter
platform?
GIVEN: Mass = 70kg
height = 10m (height)
gravity = 9.8 m/s2 (gravity, always constant

FIND: PEgrav

FORMULA: PEgrav = mgh

SOLUTION: PEgrav = (70kg)(9.8)(10m)

ANSWER PEgrav = 6,860 J

WITH UNIT:

Sample Problem #7:

A 1000-kg car falls from a cliff and lands 20 meters below the cliff, before
it fell how much potential energy did it have?
GIVEN: mass = 1000 kg
height = 20 m
gravity = 9.8 m/s2

FIND: PEgrav

FORMULA: PEgrav = mgh

SOLUTION: PEgrav = (1000kg)(9.8)(20m)
ANSWER PEgrav = 196,000 J
WITH UNIT:

Kinetic Energy is the energy of motion. Some examples of these are a person
walking, a flying aeroplane, a moving car, and the planets revolving around the sun. It is
directly proportional to the mass of the object and to the square of its velocity. Meaning,
the greater the mass of an object, the greater its kinetic energy will be. This can be
expressed mathematically as:
1
KE = 2 × mass × velocity2

Or
KE = ½ mv2
This formula reveals that the kinetic energy of an object is directly proportional to
its speed. The kinetic energy is dependent upon the square of the speed.This means that
a twofold increase in the speed, the kinetic energy will increase by a factor of four, a
threefold increase in the speed, the kinetic energy will increase by a factor of nine.
Let us try solving problems regarding Kinetic Energy!
Sample Problem #7:
What is the kinetic energy of a baseball whose mass is 0.145 kg moving at
30m/s?
GIVEN: mass = 0.145 kg
velocity = 30 m/s

FIND: KE
FORMULA: KE = ½ mv2 / KE = 0.5mv2
SOLUTION: KE = (0.5)(0.145)(30)2
KE = (0.5)(0.145)(900)

Take note that the velocity of the object must be

squared. The unit for Kinetic Energy is Joules as well.

ANSWER • KE = 65.25 J
WITH UNIT:

Sample Problem #8:

Calculate the kinetic energy of a 1500kg car that moves down the freeway at
40m/s.
GIVEN: mass = 1500 kg (mass)
velocity = 40 m/s

FIND: KE
FORMULA: KE = ½ mv2 / KE = 0.5mv2
SOLUTION: KE = (0.5)(1000)(1600)
ANSWER KE = 800,000 J
WITH UNIT:

When a work is done on an object, it gains energy. The energy acquired by the
object is called as mechanical energy. It can be either kinetic or potential energy. When
you a kick a football, you give mechanical energy to the football to make it move. That
mechanical energy is kinetic energy because the football is in motion. A moving car has
mechanical energy due to its motion. What mechanical energy is present in the car? It is
kinetic energy. A weightlifter that has
lifted a barbell over his head possess
mechanical energy in the form of
gravitational potential energy. A
hammer that is being lifted has a
mechanical energy in the form of
potential energy. If you use it to pound
a nail, it has now a mechanical energy Figure 5. A man pounding a nail
in the form of kinetic energy. When https://eschooltoday.com/learn/wp-
content/uploads/2020/10/what-is-mechanical-energy.jpg
you pound on a nail using a hammer,
you are doing work.
Mechanical energy is the ability to do work. Remember that energy can’t be
created neither destroyed -it can only change from one form to another. It is stated in the
Law of Conservation of Energy.