WREN201 TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

THEORY
1. A plate separated by 0.5mm from a fixed plate moves at 0.5 m/s under a shear stress of 4.0
N/m2. Determine the viscosity of the fluid between the plates.
2. If the velocity distribution over a plate is given by u = 2/3 y – y2 in which u is the velocity
in m/s at a distance of ym above the plate. Determine the shear stress at y = 0 and y = 0.2m.
Take µ = 6poise.
3. Calculate the dynamic viscosity of an oil, which is used for lubrication between a square
plate of size 0.8m x 0.8m and inclined plane with angle of inclination 300. The weight of
the square plate is 300N and it slides the inclined plane with a uniform velocity of 0.3m/s.
The thickness of the oil film is 1.5mm. If the density of oil is 700kg/m3, determine the
kinematic viscosity of the oil?
4. A rectangular plane surface is 2m wide and 3m deep. It lies in vertical plane in water.
Determine the total pressure of the plane surface when its upper edge is horizontal and
2.5m below the free surface of water.
5. A pontoon of 14715kN displacement is floating in water. A weight of 196.2kN is moved
through a distance of 6m across the deck of pontoon, which tilts the pontoon through an
angle 50. Find the metacentric height of the pontoon
6. A hydraulic press has a ram of 20cm diameter. It is used for lifting a weight of 20kN. Find
the force required at the plunger
7. A wooden block of specific gravity 0.75 floats in water. If the size of the block is 1m x
0.5m x 0.4m, find the weight of the wooden block
8. A stone weighs 120N in air and weighs 70N when immersed in fresh water. Determine the
volume of the stone and its specific gravity.
9. A ship of 35MN displacement has a weight of 80kN moved 6m across the deck causing a
heel angle 0f 30. Calculate the meta-centric height of the ship.
10. A vertical square sluice gate is situated with its top edge 2.045m below the level of the
water. The sluice gate is 0.6435m. Find the total pressure force on the sluice gate
11. A rectangular plate 3m long and 1m wide is immersed vertically in water in such a way
that its 3m side is parallel to the water surface and is 1m below it. Calculate the total
pressure on the surface and the centre of pressure.
12. The surface tension of water in contact with air at 200c is 0.0725N/m. The pressure inside
a droplet of water is to be 0.02N/cm2 greater than the outside pressure. Calculate the
diameter of the droplet of water.
13. The pressure outside the droplet of water of diameter 0.04mm is 10.32N/cm2 (at
atmospheric pressure). Calculate the pressure within the droplet if surface tension is given
as 0.0725N/m of water. (11.045N/cm2)
16. The capillary rise in the glass tube is not to exceed 0.2mm of water. Determine its
minimum size, given that surface tension for water in contact with air is 0.0725N/m.

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17. When the pressure of liquid is increased from 3.5MN/m2 to 6.5MN/m2, its volume is
found to decrease by 0.08%. What is the Bulk modulus of elasticity of the liquid?
18. Assuming that the Bulk Modulus of elasticity of water is 2.07GN/m2 at standard
atmospheric conditions, determine the increase of pressure necessary to produce 1%
reduction in volume at the same temperature.
19. Define the following terms as relate to Fluid Mechanics

i). Buoyancy ii). Centre of pressure iii). Capillarity

20. A circular plate 1.45 m diameter is immersed in water so that the centre of the plate is
1.15 m below the surface. Find the depth to centre of pressure and the total pressure
force in the plate.
21. Calculate the dynamic viscosity of an oil, which is used for lubrication between a
square plate of size 0.8 m x 0.8 m and inclined plane with angle of inclination 300. The
weight of the square plate is 300N and it slides the inclined plane with a uniform
velocity of 0.3 m/s. The thickness of the oil film is 1.5mm. If the density of oil is 700
kg/m3, determine the kinematic viscosity of the oil?
22. State the following laws
i). Pascal’s law ii). Newton’s law of viscosity.
23. A stone weighs 120 N in air and weighs 70 N when immersed in fresh water. Determine
the volume of the stone and its specific gravity.
24. A ship of 35 x 106 N displacement has a weight of 80 kN moved 6 m across the deck
causing a heel angle of 30. Calculate the meta-centric height of the ship?
25. Show that the rate of flow through a Venturimeter is as
𝐴1𝐴2
𝑄 = 𝐶𝑑 √2𝑔ℎ Where 𝐴1𝐴2 = Areas, g= gravity and h=
√𝐴1 2 −𝐴2 2

26. State the Bernoulli’s theorem for an ideal incompressible fluid

27. In a 7UP company, a pipe is to discharge into two different sizes of bottles and the
450mm main pipe branches into two pipes of diameter 300mm and 200mm
respectively, if the average velocity in 450mm pipe is 3m/s find the:
(i) Discharge through 450mm pipe
(ii) Velocity in 200mm pipe if the average velocity in 300mm pipe is 2.5m/s

28. Briefly Explain the following

i). Uniform flow ii). Steady flow iii). Steady non- uniform flow iv). Unsteady uniform
29. In a three dimensional incompressible flow, the velocity components in Y and Z-
directions are v = ax3 – by2+ cz2, w = bx3-cy2+ az2x. Determine the missing
component of the velocity distribution such that continuity is satisfied.
30. Water is flowing through a pipe having diameters 600mm and 400mm at the bottom
and upper end respectively. The intensity of pressure at the bottom end is 300KN/m2

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 and the pressure at the upper end is 100KN/m2. Determine the difference in datum head
if the rate of flow through the pipe is 60L/s.
31. Briefly explain the following basic approaches as applied to solving fluid flow problems:
i). Experimental ii). Finite control volume
32. Using Newton’s law of momentum show that 𝐹 = 𝜌𝑄(𝑉2 − 𝑉1 )
33. Fire-fighters are holding a nozzle at the end of a hose while trying to extinguish a fire. If the
fire-horse has a discharge of 5 L/s and the nozzle has an inlet and outlet diameters of 75 mm
and 25 mm respectively. Calculate the total momentum force required to hold the nozzle.
34. Express the conservation of momentum principle. What can you say about the momentum of
a body if the net force acting on it is zero?
35. A small ingot and platform rest on a steady water jet. If the total weight supported is 825 N,
what is the jet velocity? Neglect energy losses. Assume that the water jet has a main diameter
of 60 mm.
36. The axial velocity profile through a cross-sectional area of a round pipe with laminar flow is
expressed as:
𝑟2
𝑉 = 2𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑔 (1 − 𝑅2 ), where R is the radius of the inner wall of the pipe and Vavg is the average

velocity. Determine, the momentum – flux correction factor through the cross-section of the pipe.
2
1 𝑉
[ Hint: 𝛽 = ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝐴𝑐 ].
𝐴𝑐 𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑔

OBJECTIVES

1. The pressure at a point in a fluid will not

be same in all the directions when the fluid 3. The tendency of a liquid surface to
is contract is due to the following property
(a) moving (a) cohesion
(b) viscous (b) adhesion
(c) viscous and static (c) viscosity
(d) inviscous and moving (d) surface tension
(e) viscous and moving. (e) elasticity.

2. An object having 10 kg mass weighs 4. The surface tension of mercury at normal

9.81kg on a spring balance. The value of 'g' temperature compared to that of water is
at this place is (a) more
(a) 10m/sec2 (b) less
(b) 9.81 m/sec2 (c) same
(c) 10.2/m sec (d) more or less depending on size of glass
(d) 9.75 m/sec2 tube
(e) 9 m/sec . (e) none of the above.

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 11. A balloon lifting in air follows the
5. A perfect gas following principle
(a) has constant viscosity (a) law of gravitation
(b) has zero viscosity (b) Archimedes principle
(c) is in compressible (c) principle of buoyancy
(d) is of theoretical interest (d) all of the above
(e) none of the above. (e) continuity equation.

6. For very great pressures, viscosity of 12. The value of the coefficient of
moss gases and liquids compressibility for water at ordinary
(a) remains same pressure and temperature in kg/cm is equal
(b) increases to
(c) decreases (a) 1000
(d) shows erratic behavior (b) 2100
(e) none of the above. (c) 2700
7. A fluid in equilibrium can't sustain (d) 10,000
(a) tensile stress (e) 21,000.
(b) compressive stress
(c) shear stress 13. The increase of temperature results in
(d) bending stress (a) increase in viscosity of gas
(e) all of the above. (b) increase in viscosity of liquid
(c) decrease in viscosity of gas
8. Viscosity of water in comparison to (d) decrease in viscosity of liquid
mercury is (e) (a) and (d) above.
(a) higher
(b) lower 15. Surface tension has the units of
(c) same (a) newtons/m
(d) higher/lower depending on temperature (b) newtons/m
(e) unpredictable. (c) new tons/m
(d) newtons
9. The bulk modulus of elasticity with (e) newton m.
increase in pressure
(a) increases 16. Surface tension
(b) decreases (a) acts in the plane of the interface normal
(c) remains constant to any line in the surface
(d) increases first up to certain limit and then (b) is also known as capillarity
decreases (c) is a function of the curvature of the
(e) unpredictable. interface
(d) decreases with fall in temperature
10. The bulk modulus of elasticity (e) has no units.
(a) has the dimensions of 1/pressure
(b) increases with pressure 17. The stress-strain relation of the
(c) is large when fluid is more compressible newtoneon fluid is
(d) is independent of pressure and viscosity (a) linear
(e) is directly proportional to flow. (b) parabolic
(c) hyperbolic

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18. A liquid compressed in cylinder has a (e) hydrostaticforce = surface tension x
volume of 0.04 m3 at 50 kg/cm2 and a gravity.
volume of 0.039 m3 at 150 kg/cm2. The
bulk modulus of elasticity of liquid is 24. Dimensions of surface tension are
(a) 400 kg/cm2 (a) MlL°T2
(b) 4000 kg/cm2 (b) MlL°Tx
(c) 40 x 105 kg/cm2 (c) MlL r2
(d) 40 x 106 kg/cm2 (d) MlL2T2
(e) none of the above. (e) MlL°t.

19. The units of viscosity are 25. For manometer, a better liquid
(a) metres2 per sec combination is one having
(b) kg sec/metre (a) higher surface tension
(c) newton-sec per metre2 (b) lower surface tension
(d) newton-sec per meter (c) surface tension is no criterion
(e) none of the above. (d) high density and viscosity
(e) low density and viscosity.
20. Kinematic viscosity is dependent upon
(a) pressure 26. If mercury in a barometer is replaced by
(b) distance water, the height of 3.75 cm of mercury will
(c) level be following cm of water
(d) flow (a) 51 cm
(e) density. (b) 50 cm
(c) 52 cm
21. Units of surface tension are (d) 52.2 cm
(a) energy/unit area (e) 51.7 cm.
(b) distance
(c) both of the above 27. Choose the wrong statement.
(d) it has no units Alcohol is used in manometer, because
(e) none of the above. (a) its vapour pressure is low
(b) it provides suitable meniscus for the
22. Which of the following meters is not inclined tube
associated with viscosity (c) its density is less
(a) Red wood (d) it provides longer length for a given
(b) Say bolt pressure difference
(c) Engler (e) it provides accurate readings.
(d) Orsat
(e) none of the above. 28. Increase in pressure at the outer edge of
a drum of radius R due to rotation at
23. Choose the correct relationship corad/sec, full of liquid of density p will be
(a) specific gravity = gravity x density (a) pco2/?2
(b) dynamicviscosity = kinematicviscosity x (b) pco2/?2/2
density (c) 2pa2R2
(c) gravity = specific gravity x density (d) pa2R/2
(d) kinematicviscosity = dynamicviscosity x (e) none of the above.
density

5
29. The property of fluid by virtue of which saybolt seconds.
it offers resistance to shear is called
(a) surface tension 34. The units of kinematic viscosity are
(b) adhesion (a) metres2 per sec
(c) cohesion (b) kg sec/metre
(d) viscosity (c) newton-sec per metre
(e) all of the above. (d) newton-sec per metre
(e) none of the above.
30. Choose the wrong statement
(a) fluids are capable of flowing 35. The ratio of absolute viscosity to mass
(b) fluids conform to the shape of the density is known as
containing vessels (a) specific viscosity
(c) when in equilibrium, fluids cannot (b) viscosity index
sustain tangential forces (c) kinematic viscosity
(d) when in equilibrium, fluids can sustain (d) coefficient of viscosity
shear forces (e) coefficient of compressibility.
(e) fluids have some degree of
comprehensibility and offer little resistance 36. Kinematic viscosity is equal to
to form. (a) dynamic viscosity/density
(b) dynamicviscosity x density
31. The density of water is 1000 kg/m3 at (c) density/dynamic viscosity
(a) 0°C (d) 1/dynamicviscosity x density
(b) 0°K (e) same as dynamic viscosity.
(c) 4°C (d) 20°C
(e) all temperature. 37. Which of the following is the unit of
kinematic viscosity
32. If w is the specific weight of liquid and k (a) pascal
the depth of any point from the surface, then (b) poise
pressure intensity at that point will be (c) stoke
(a) h (d) faraday
(b) wh (e) none of the above.
(c) w/h
(d) h/w 38. A one dimensional flow is one which
(e) h/wh. (a) is uniform flow
(b) is steady uniform flow
33. Choose the wrong statement (c) takes place in straight lines
(a) Viscosity of a fluid is that property (d) involves zero transverse component of
which determines the amount of its flow
resistance to a shearing force (e) takes place in one dimension.
(b) Viscosity is due primarily to interaction
between fluid molecules 39. Alcohol is used in manometers because
(c) Viscosity of liquids decreases with in- (a) it has low vapour pressure
crease in temperature (b) it is clearly visible
(d) Viscosity of liquids is appreciably (c) it has low surface tension
affected by change in pressure (d) it can provide longer column due to low
(e) Viscosity is expressed as poise, stoke, or density

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40. A pressure of 25 m of head of water is 45. Falling drops of water become spheres
equal to due to the property of
(a) 25 kN/m2 (a) adhesion
(b) 245 kN/m2 (b) cohesion
(c) 2500 kN/m2 (c) surface tension
(d) 2.5kN/m2 (d) viscosity
(e) 12.5 kN/m2. (e) compressibility.

41. Specific weight of sea water is more that 46. A liquid would wet the solid, if adhesion
of pure water because it contains forces as compared to cohesion forces are
(a) dissolved air (a) less
(b) dissolved salt (b) more
(c) suspended matter (c) equal
(d) all of the above (d) less at low temperature and more at high
(e) heavy water. temperature
(e) there is no such criterion.
42. If 850 kg liquid occupies volume of one
cubic meter, men 0.85 represents its 47. If cohesion between molecules of a fluid
(a) specific weight is greater than adhesion between fluid and
(b) specific mass glass, then the free level of fluid in a dipped
(c) specific gravity glass tube will be
(d) specific density (a) higher than the surface of liquid
(e) none of the above. (b) the same as the surface of liquid
(c) lower than the surface of liquid
43. Free surface of a liquid tends to contract (d) unpredictable
to the smallest possible area due to force of (e) none of the above.
(a) surface tension
(b) viscosity 48. The point in the immersed body through
(c) friction which the resultant pressure of the liquid
(d) cohesion may be taken to act is known as
(e) adhesion. (a) meta center
(b) center of pressure
44. A bucket of water is hanging from a (c) center of buoyancy
spring balance. An iron piece is suspended (d) center of gravity
into water without touching sides of bucket (e) none of the above.
from another support. The spring balance
reading will 49. The total pressure on the surface of a
(a) increase vertical sluice gate 2 m x 1 m with its top 2
(b) decrease m surface being 0.5 m below the water level
(c) remain same will be
(d) increase/decrease depending on depth of (a) 500 kg
immersion (b) 1000 kg
(e) unpredictable. (c) 1500 kg
(d) 2000 kg
(e) 4000 kg.

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50. The resultant upward pressure of a fluid 55. The buoyancy depends on
on a floating body is equal to the weight of (a) mass of liquid displaced
the fluid displaced by the body. This (b) viscosity of the liquid
definition is according to (c) pressure of the liquid displaced
(a) Buoyancy (d) depth of immersion
(b) Equilibrium of a floating body (e) none of the above.
(c) Archimedes' principle
(d) Bernoulli's theorem 56. The center of gravity of the volume of
(e) Metacentric principle. the liquid displaced by an immersed body is
called
51. The resultant upward pressure of the (a) meta-center
fluid on an immersed body is called (b) center of pressure
(a) upthrust (c) center of buoyancy
(b) buoyancy (d) center of gravity
(c) center of pressure (e) none of the above.
(d) all the above are correct
(e) none of above is correct. 57. A piece of metal of specific gravity 13.6
is placed in mercury of specific gravity 13.6,
52. The conditions for the stable equilibrium what fraction of it volume is under mercury?
of a floating body are (a) the metal piece will simply float over the
(a) the meta-center should lie above the mercury
center of gravity (b) the metal piece will be immersed in
(b) the center of buoyancy and the center of mercury by half
gravity must lie on the same vertical line (c) whole of the metal piece will be
(c) a righting couple should be formed immersed with its top surface just at
(d) all the above are correct mercury level
(e) none of the above is correct. (d) metal piece will sink to the bottom
(e) none of the above.
53. Poise is the unit of
(a) surface tension 58. The angle of contact in case of a liquid
(b) capillarity depends upon
(c) viscosity (a) the nature of the liquid and the solid
(d) shear stress in fluids (b) the material which exists above the free
(e) buoyancy. surface of the liquid
(c) both of die above
54. Metacentric height is given as the (d) any one of the above
distance between (e) none of die above.
(a) the center of gravity of the body and the
meta center 59. Free surface of a liquid behaves like a
(b) the center of gravity of the body and the sheet and tends to contract to smallest
center of buoyancy possible area due to the
(c) the center of gravity of the body and the (a) force of adhesion
center of pressure (b) force of cohesion
(d) center of buoyancy and metacentre (c) force of friction
(e) none of the above. (d) force of diffusion
(e) none of die above.

8
60. Rain drops are spherical because of (c) newton-sec per meter
(a) viscosity (d) newton-sec2 per meter
(b) air resistance (e) none of the above.
(c) surface tension forces
(d) atmospheric pressure 66. The continuity equation is connected
(e) none of the above. with
(a) viscous/unviscous fluids
61. Surface energy per unit area of a surface (b) compressibility of fluids
is numerically equal to .. (c) conservation of mass
(a) atmospheric pressure (d) steady/unsteady flow
(b) surface tension (e) open channel/pipe flow.
(c) force of adhesion
(d) force of cohesion 67. The rise or depression of liquid in a tube
(e) viscosity. due to surface tensionwim increase in size of
tube will
62. The capillary rise at 20°C in a clean (a) increase
glass tube of 1 mm bore containing water is (b) remain unaffected
approximately (c) may increase or decrease depending on
(a) 1 mm the characteristics of liquid
(b) 5 mm (d) decrease
(c) 10 mm (e) unpredictable.
(d) 20 mm
(e) 30 mm. 68. Liquids transmit pressure equally in all
the directions. This is according to
63. The property by virtue of which a liquid (a) Boyle's law
opposes relative motion between its (b) Archimedes principle
different layers is called (c) Pascal's law
(a) surface tension (d) Newton's formula
(b) co-efficient of viscosity (e) Chezy's equation.
(c) viscosity
(d) osmosis 69. Capillary action is due to the
(e) cohesion. (a) surface tension
(b) cohesion of the liquid
64. The process of diffusion of one liquid (c) adhesion of the liquid molecules and the
into the other through a semi-permeable molecules on the surface of a solid
membrane is called (d) all of the above
(a) viscosity (e) none of the above.
(b) osmosis
(c) surface tension 70. Newton's law of viscosity is a
(d) cohesion relationship between
(e) diffusivity. (a) shear stress anctthejiate of angular
distortion
65. The units of dynamic or absolute (b) shear stress and viscosity
viscosity are (c) shear stress, velocity and viscosity
(a) metres2 per sec (d) pressure, velocity and viscosity
(b) kg sec/meter

9
71. The atmospheric pressure with rise in (c) its vapour pressure is so low that it may
altitude decreases be neglected
(a) linearly (d) both (b) and (c)
(b) first slowly and then steeply (e) it moves easily.
(c) first steeply and then gradually
(d) unpredictable 77. Barometer is used to measure
(e) none of the above. (a) pressure in pipes, channels etc.
(b) atmospheric pressure
72. Pressure of the order of 10"' torr can be (c) very low pressure
measured by (d) difference of pressure between two
(a) Bourdon tube points
(b) Pirani Gauge (e) rain level.
(c) micro-manometer
(d) ionisastion gauge 78. Which of the following instrument can
(e) McLeod gauge. be used for measuring speed of a submarine
moving in deep sea
73. Operation of McLeod gauge used for (a) Venturimeter
low pressure measurement is based on the (b) Orifice plate
principle of (c) hot wire anemometer
(a) gas law (d) rotameter
(b) Boyle's law (e) pitot tube.
(c) Charle's law
(d) Pascal's law 79. Which of the following instrument can
(e) McLeod's law. be used for measuring speed of an aeroplane
(a) Venturimeter
74. An odd shaped body weighing 7.5 kg (b) Orifice plate
and occupying 0.01 m3 volume will be (c) hot wire anemometer
completely submerged in a fluid having (d) rotameter
specific gravity of (e) pitot tube.
(a) 1
(b) 1.2 80. Piezometer is used to measure
(c) 0.8 (a) pressure in pipe, channels etc.
(d) 0.75 (b) atmospheric pressure
(e) 1.25. (c) very low pressures
75. In an isothermal atmosphere, the (d) difference of pressure between two
pressure points
(a) decreases linearly with elevation (e) flow.
(b) remains constant
(c) varies in the same way as the density 81. Which of the following instruments is
(d) increases exponentially with elevation used to measure flow on the application of
(e) unpredictable. Bernoulli's theorem
(a) Venturimeter
76. Mercury is often used in barometer (b) Orifice plate
because (c) nozzle
(a) it is the best liquid (d) pitot tube
(b) the height of barometer will be less (e) all of the above.

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82. A square surface 3 m x 3 m lies in a 87. A piece of wood having weight 5 kg
vertical line in water pipe its upper edge at floats in water with 60% of its volume under
water surface. The hydrostatic force on the liquid. The specific gravity of wood is
square surface is (a) 0.83
(a) 9,000 kg (b) 0.6
(b) 13,500 kg (c) 0.4
(c) 18,000 kg (d) 0.3
(d) 27,000 kg (e) none of the above
(e) 30,000 kg. 88. Normal depth in open channel flow is
83. The depth of the center of pressure on a the depth of flow corresponding to
vertical rectangular gate 8 m wide and 6 m (a) steady flow
high, when the water surface coincides with (b) unsteady flow
the top of the gate, is (c) laminar flow
(a) 2.4 m (d) uniform flow
(b) 3.0 m (e) critical flow.
(c) 4.0 m 89. Uniform flow occurs when
(d)"2.5 m (a) the direction and magnitude of the
(e) 5.0 m. velocity at all points are identical
84. A ship whose hull length is 100 m is to (b) the velocity of successive fluid paiticles,
travel at 10 m/sec. For dynamic similarity, at any point, is the same at successive
at what velocity should a 1:25 model be periods of time
towed through water ? (c) the magnitude and direction of the
(a) 10 m/sec velocity do not change from point to point in
(b) 25 m/sec the fluid
(c) 2 m/sec (d) the fluid particles move in plane or
(d) 50 m/sec parallel planes and the streamline pat-terns
(e) 250 m/sec. are identical in each pleasure
85. A model of a reservior is drained in 4 (e) velocity, depth, pressure, etc. change
mts by opening the sluice gate. The model from point to point in the fluid flow.
scale is 1: 225. How long should it take to 90. Pitot tube is used for measurement of
empty the prototype ? (a) pressure
(a) 900 minutes (b) flow
(b) 4 minutes (c) velocity
(c) 4 x (225)3/2 minutes (d) dsscharge
(d) 4 (225)1/3 minutes (e) viscosity.
(e) 4 x V225 minutes (d) all of the above
(e) none of the above.
86. A model of torpedo is tested in a towing 91. At the center line of a pipe flowing
tank at a velocity of 25 m/sec. The prototype under pressure where the velocity gradient is
is expected to attain a velocity of 5 m/sec. zero, the shear stress will be
What model scale has been used ? (a) minimum
(a) 1 : 5 (b) maximum
(b) 1 : 2.5 (c) zero
(c) 1 :25 (d) negative value
(d) 1:V5" (e) could be any value.
(e) 1 : 53/2

11
92. The pressure in Pascals at a depth of 1 m 97. A water jet strikes a stationary vertical
below the free surface of a body of water plate horizontally at a rate of 5 kg/s with a
will be equal to velocity of 35 km/h. Assume the water
(a) 1 Pa stream moves in the vertical direction after
(b) 91 Pa the strike. The force needed to prevent the
(c) 981 Pa plate from moving horizontally is
(d) 9810 Pa (a) 15.5 N (b) 26.3 N (c) 19.7 N (d) 34.2 N
(e) 98,100 Pa. (e) 48.6 N
93. A hydraulic press has a ram of 15 cm 98. When determining the thrust developed
diameter and plunger of 1.5 cm. It is by a jet engine, a wise choice of control
required to lift a weight of 1 tonne. The volume is
force required on plunger is equal to (a) Fixed control volume (b) Moving control
(a) 10 kg volume (c) Deforming control volume (d)
(b) 100 kg Moving or deforming control volume
(c) 1000 kg (e) None of these
(d) 1 kg 99. A water jet strikes a stationary horizontal
(e) 10,000 kg. plate vertically at a rate of 18 kg/s with a
94. Consider an airplane cruising at 850 velocity of 24 m/s. The mass of the plate is
km/h to the right. If the velocity of exhaust 10 kg. Assume the water stream moves in
gases is 700 km/h to the left relative to the the horizontal direction after the strike. The
ground, the velocity of the exhaust gases force needed to prevent the plate from
relative to the nozzle exit is moving vertically is
(a) 1550 km/h (b) 850 km/h (c) 700 km/h (a) 192 N (b) 240 N (c) 334 N (d) 432 N (e)
(d) 350 km/h (e) 150 km/h 530 N
95. Consider water flow through a 100. Consider water flow through a
horizontal, short garden hose at a rate of 30 horizontal, short pipe at a rate of 80 kg/min.
kg/min. The velocity at the inlet is 1.5 m/s The velocity at the inlet is 1.5 m/s and that at
and that at the outlet is 14.5 m/s. Disregard the outlet is 16.5 m/s. The pipe makes a 90°
the weight of the hose and water. Taking the turn to a vertical direction before the water is
momentum-flux correction factor to be 1.04 discharged. Disregard the weight of the pipe
at both the inlet and the outlet, the anchoring and water. Taking the momentum-flux
force required to hold the hose in place is correction factor to be 1.04 at both the inlet
(a) 2.8 N (b) 8.6 N (c) 17.5 N (d) 27.9 N (e) and the outlet, the reaction force in the
43.3 N horizontal direction required to hold
96. Consider water flow through a the pipe in place is
horizontal, short garden hose at a rate of 30 (a) 73.7 N (b) 97.1 N (c) 99.2 N (d) 122 N
kg/min. The velocity at the inlet is 1.5 m/s (e) 153 N
and that at the outlet is 11.5 m/s. The hose
makes a 180° turn before the water is
discharged. Disregard the weight of the hose
and water. Taking the momentum-flux
correction factor to be 1.04 at both the inlet
and the outlet, the anchoring force required
to hold the hose in place is
(a) 7.6 N (b) 28.4 N (c) 16.6 N (d) 34.1 N
(e) 11.9 N

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