Purposive Communication 6.

Decoding
Notes: -analyzes the message
-interpreting/understanding
Purposive: Stimulus, Intention, Objective
Communication: Non-verbal, Verbal, used 7. Feedback
on a day-to-day basis, conveying messages -response
-from the Latin word “Communicare”
which means to share
Functions of Communication
“Communication is both an art and a -deals with the significance, information
science.”
1. Physical Needs
Art: different channel/medium to -well-being, good health
communicate
2. Ego Needs
Science: truth, honesty, integrity, and -self, pride, validation, affirmation
sincerity -skills that make you different/stand
out from others
Elements of Communication -ex: being a good listener

1. Sender 3. Social Needs

-Speaker -Sense of Belongingness
-conveys the idea -not meant to be alone
-the one who initiates/initiator -“No man is an Island.”

2. Message
-ideas, information, opinions, and William Schutz- a
more psychologist who
classifies Social
3. Encoding Needs into three:
-creation of the message
-put it into words
-can be the sender/receiver

4. Channel
-process
-medium/media used in a. Inclusion: accepted,
communication belongingness (ex: in a
-ex: writing a letter, face-to-face or school, family,
personal setting, video call) organization, and more)

5. Receiver b. Desire for Control: the

-the one who receives the message humility to comply and obey,
in a positive way (ex: being

His power is made perfect in weakness:)) 2 Cor. 12:9

 a coach, mentor, teacher,
parent) 4. Development of Relationship
-rapport: establishment of good
c. Affection: mutual, different relationship
levels -sensitivity
-Friendship (caring)
-Intimate (romantic) Principles of Ethical Communication
-Relationships/Relatives/Ki
ns 1. Be Truthful and Honest
2. Active Listening
Ethical Fundamentals of Communication 3. Speak Non-judgmentally
4. Speak from your own experience
-it is somehow related to the GMRC (Good 5. Consider the receiver’s preferred
Manners and Right Conduct) communication channel
-what is proper, set of rules, 6. Strive to understand
professionalism, and values 7. Avoid a Negative Tone
8. Do not interrupt others
1. Openness and Transparency 9. Respect Privacy and
-honesty (first step to healing) Confidentiality
-” What you say is what you mean, 10. Accept Responsibility
what you mean is what you say.”
Types of Communication
2. Consideration for any potential 1. Verbal Communication
Roadblocks ● Oral Communication
a. Language Use -sounds, spoken
-usage of Language that is -ex: SONA, Debate, Business
easy to understand meeting, etc.
b. Jargon
-professional terms in a ● Written Communication
particular field -formal or informal
-ex: Table of Specifications, -traditional or digital
Lesson Plans (for
Educators/Education Field) 2. Non-Verbal Communication
c. Language Fluency -give hints how people communicate
-able to express him/herself -clues not facts
-able to understand -much more information
-write/speak/read (mastery) -”Actions speak louder than words”

3. Accessibility to Technology ● Appearance

-levels of knowledge about -speaker (people)
technology -surroundings (setting)
-considering the person you’re
communicating with

His power is made perfect in weakness:)) 2 Cor. 12:9

 ● Body Language 7. Coherence
-facial expression -consistent, logical
-gesture -the very “make sense”
-posture -emphasis, organized

Sound Barriers of Communication

-tone of the voice -hindrances, blockage, or noise

Level of Communication 1. Physiological/Impairment Noise

1. Intrapersonal -someone who does not have, what
2. Interpersonal people have
3. Small Group -ex: deaf, blindness
4. One to Group
5. Mass 2. Physical/Environmental Noise
-noises present at a certain setting
Principles of Ethical Communication -environmental barriers
(7C’s of Communication)
1. Conciseness 3. Cultural Noise
-essentials, short, brief, stick to the -Language, Stereotype, society
point -negative confrontations
-ex: Christians and Non-Christians
2. Concreteness
-specific, accurate (accuracy) 4. Psychological Noise
-nonverbal, feelings
3. Completeness -ex: misinterpretation of our
-holistic overview, no questions emotions
being asked -ex: autism

4. Clarity 5. Semantical Noise

-clear, understandable -meaning of words
-one word with two different
5. Courtesy meanings
-the perspective of the person -idioms, acronyms
-sensitivity, considering other’s
feelings and emotions 6. Syntatic (Syntax)
-reading between the lines -grammar, sentences
-emotional intelligence -tenses of verbs

6. Correctness 7. Organizational
-no invention of information -organizing a paragraph (which
-truthfulness, avoiding confusion and consists of 3 or more sentences)
lacking of accuracy -directions or instructions
-poorly structured communication

His power is made perfect in weakness:)) 2 Cor. 12:9

COMMUNICATING IN A MULTICULTURAL ✔ How globalization affects, and merges
SOCIETY AND THE WORLD with local interests and environments

UNDERSTANDING GLOBALIZATION MULTICULTURALISTS

GLOBALIZATION- Globe: the world ✔Persons respectful of and engaged with

people from distinctly different cultures
Process of world shrinkage, Borderless
world-Ohmae of distance getting closer, Some Possible Cultural Barriers to Effective
things moving closer Thomas Larson Communication in aa Global Environment:

Internationalizing of production, labor, state, 1. Cultural relativism

movents, and competitiveness Robert Con
barrien aftidirectional flows of people, something
objecte, plass, and information as well as
structures and 2. Lack of knowledge of other's culture
vaithiyonining concepts sa nararapat sexual
to, or expedite these flows Ritret coomal harassment, verbal, physical
mentality Foreign > bcas The increasing psychological/mental, emotional
economic, political, and cultural integration
and interdependence of diverse cultures Is 3. Discrimination and harassment
the communication and assimilation among
individuals, ethnicities, races, institutions, 4. Language differences
governments of
Cultural diversity makes communication
various nations supported by technology difficult and may lead to:
and compelled by international trade Is not
a new process or concept. Years before the Concepts)
advent of technology, people had been
purchasing and selling each 1. Stereotyping and Prejudice is the process
otherproperties, goods and other objects of of creating a picture of a whole culture.
certain value Overgeneralizing all people belonging to the
same culture.
DIVERSITY foreigners has the easiest
aceere to kald brinus.filippine The 2.Ethnocentrism is the process of dividing
recognition and valuing of the uniqueness or cultures as "us" vs "them" division conflict
differences in gender preference, color, age,
religious affiliation, ethnicity, education, 3. Racism prejudice, discrimination, or
social and economic status and political antagonism directed against a person or
beliefs. Therer beauty and mity in diversity. people on the basis of their membership of
a particular racial or ethnic group, typically
GLOCALIZATION one that is a minority or marginalized

His power is made perfect in weakness:)) 2 Cor. 12:9

4.Xenophobia- dislike of or prejudice 3. Be open to an accepting of other cultures
against people from other countries)
4. Learn about cultures and apply what is
5.Cultural Appropriation is the adoption of learned
an element or elements of one culture by a
member of another culture that can be 5. Consider language needs.
controversial when used inappropriately.
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
Other factors that affect communication:
Is a discipline that studies communication
1. Gender Roles actuss different cultures and social groups

2. Age and Generational Difference ✔Refers to interaction with people from

(Jandi, 1998) It seeks to understand how
3. Racial and Ethnic Identity people to diverse cultures (les and cultures
act, communicate and perceive the world
4 Religious Identity around them.

5. Socio-Economic Identity Forms of Intercultural Communication

(Jandt, 1998):
"
You sent 1. Interracial communication
Few examples of cultural ignorance on
communication: ✓ The interpreting and sharing of meanings
with individuals from different races
1. Showing the sole of your shoes is
insulting in Muslin countries 2. Interethnic communication

2. Crossing your legs is insulting to Koreans Interaction with individuals of different ethnic
origins
3. It is impolite to blink while talking with a
Tarwanese 4. Slurping when eating noodles 3 International communication
is acceptable in Japan
✓ Communication between persons
It is disrespectful to touch someone's head representing different nations
of hair in Thailand
4. Intracultural Communication
Krizan (2014) suggests these strategies to
become in effective global communicator: Interaction with members of the same racial
or ethnic group or co-culture as yours
1. Review communication principles
According to Gamble and Gamble (2008),
2. Analyze the message receiver communication style among cultures differs,

His power is made perfect in weakness:)) 2 Cor. 12:9

it may be high-context or low-context
communication. ASSIMILATION den birg maina cmbrate

High-context communication is a The means by which co-culture members

tradition-linked communication system attempt to fit in with members of the
which adheres strongly to being indirect. dominant culture

Low-context communication is a system that ACCOMODATION

works on straightforward communication.
The means by which co-culture members
Guideline To Improve Intercultural maintain their cultural identity while striving
Communication Competence (Gamble & to establish relationships with members of
Gamble, 2008): the dominant culture

1. Recognize the validity and differences of SEPARATION

communication styles among people.
The means co-culture members use to
2. Learn to eliminate personal biases and resist interacting with members of the
prejudices dominant culture

3. Strive to acquire communication skills ETHNOCENTRICISM

necessary in a multicultural world.
The tendency to see one's own culture as
CULTURE superior to all others

✔A system of knowledge, beliefs, values, CULTURAL RELATIVISM

customs, behaviors, and artifacts that are
acquired, shared, and used by members The acceptance of other cultural groups as
during their daily living equal in value to one's own

SI STEREOTYPES

WOH Mental images or pictures that guide our

reactions to others
00
You sent PREJUDICE
Thoting I kantre)
A positive or negative prejudgment
CO-CULTURES
MELTING-POT PHILOSOPHY
-Thomas-s Be are the
✔The view that different cultures should be
Groups of persons who differ in some ethnic assimilated into the dominant culture
or sociological way from the parent culture

His power is made perfect in weakness:)) 2 Cor. 12:9

HIGH-POWER-DISTANCE CULTURES
vocabulary and a difference in intonation
✔Cultures based on power differences in and pace There are five language registers
which subordinates defer to superiors or styles that are used in every one of the
these registers are dependent as to who the
LOW-POWER-DISTANCE CULTURES audience, what the topic is all about, the
purpose of the conversation as well as the
✓ Cultures that believe that power should
be used only when legitimate location when dialogues occurred:

MASCULINE CULTURES 1 Static Register. This form refers to historic

language or communication that is intended
✔Cultures that value aggressiveness, to remain
strength, and material symbols of success
unchanged, like a constitution or prayer.
FEMININE CULTURES Examples: The Bible, Lord's Prayer,
Preamble, Alma Mater, Laws, etc
✔Cultures that value tenderness and
relationships 2. Formal Register Less rigid but still
constrained, the formal register is used in
CULTURALLY CONFUSED professional, academic, or legal settings
where communication is expected to be
✔ Lacking an understanding of cultural respectful, uninterrupted, and restrained
difference Slang is

CULTURAL IMPERIALISM never used, and contractions are rare.

Examples a TED talk, and a business
✔The expansion of dominion of one culture presentation
over another
3. Consultative Register: People use this
VIRTUAL NEIGHBORS AND register often in conversation when they're
COMMUNITIES speaking with

✔ Online, surrogate communities someone who has specialized knowledge or

who is offering advice. Tone is often
DIGITAL DIVIDE respectful (use of

✔Information gap courtesy titles) but maybe more casual if the

You sent relationship is longstanding or friendly (a
VARIETIES OF REGISTERS IN SPOKEN family doctor)
AND WRITTEN LANGUAGE Registers are
marked by a vanety of specialized v y and Jargons are sometimes used, people may
turns of phrases, slangs and the vase of pause or interrupt one another. Examples:
jargon. Doctor and patient's conversation, Lawyer

His power is made perfect in weakness:)) 2 Cor. 12:9

and client, Teacher and student, Counselor
and client, etc.

4. Casual Register: This is the register

people use when they're with friends, close
acquaintances and co- workers and family.
It's probably the one you think of when you
consider how you talk with other people.
often in a group setting Use of slang,
vulgarities, contractions, and vernacular
grammar is all common Examples: a
birthday party, peers get together

5. Intimate register: Linguists say this

register is reserved for special occasions,
usually between only two people and often
in private. Intimate language may be
something as simple as a word whispered in
a lover's ear

Examples: Husband and wife conversation,

Boyfriend and girlfriend relationship

Lin (2016) presents the following nature of

language variation as prescribed by most
linguists based on the ideas of Mahboob
(2014): (1) Language varies when
communicating with people within (local)
and outside (global) our community; (2)
Language varies in speaking and in writing;
and (3) Language varies in everyday and
specialized discourses

His power is made perfect in weakness:)) 2 Cor. 12:9