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In RRB ALP & Group D Tier I, Mathematics has an important role to play. If you are clear with your basics, this
section can help you increase your overall score. The foremost step is to know all the formulas. Here, we are
going to list down the important Maths formulas for RRB ALP/ Technician & Group D 2018 exam.

List of Important Mathematics Formulas for

RRB Group D & ALP/ Technician Exam
Speed, Distance & Time Profit & Loss
• Speed = distance/time • Cost Price is the price at which an article is
• Time = distance/ Speed purchased, abbreviated as C.P.
• Distance = (Speed * Time) • Selling Price is the price at which an article
is sold, abbreviated as S.P.
• Distance = Rate x Time
• If the Selling Price exceeds the Cost Price,
• Rate = Distance/Time
then there is Profit.
• Convert from kph (km/h) to mps(m/sec):
• Profit or gain = SP – CP
x km/hr=x∗(5/18) m/sec
• Profit % = Profit/(C P)×100
• Convert from mps(m/sec) to kph(km/h):
• S P = (100+gain % )/100 ×C P
x m/sec= X*(18/5) km/h
• C P = 100/(100+gain %)×S P
• If the ratio of the speeds of A and B is a : b,
then the ratio of the times taken by then to • If the overall Cost Price exceeds the selling
cover the same distance is :1/a : 1/b or b:a price of the buyer then he is said to have
incurred loss.
• Suppose a man covers a certain distance at
x km/hr and an equal distance at y km/hr. • Loss = C P – S P
Then, • Loss % = LOSS/(C P)×100
the average speed during the whole journey • S P = (100-loss %)/100×C P
is :- 2xy/(x + y) • C P = 100/(100-loss %)×S P
• When speed is constant distance covered by • Profit and Loss Based on Cost Price
the object is directly proportional to the time (i) To find the percent gain or loss, divide the
taken. ie; If Sa=Sb then Da/Db = Ta/Tb amount gained or lost by the cost price and
• When time is constant speed is directly multiply it by 100.
proportional to the distance travelled. ie; If (ii) To find the loss and the selling price when the
Ta=Tb then Sa/Sb=Da/Db cost and the percent loss are given, multiply the
• When distance is constant speed is inversely cost by the percent and subtract the product from
proportional to the time taken ie if speed the cost.
increases then time taken to cover the • Profit and Loss Based on Selling Price
distance decreases. ie; If Da=Db then Sa/Sb (i) To find the profit and the cost when the
= Tb/Ta selling price and the percent profit are given,
• If the speeds given are in Harmonic multiply the selling price by the percent
progression or HP then the corresponding profit and subtract the result from the selling
time taken will be in Arithmetic progression price.
or AP (ii) To find the loss and the cost when the
• If the speeds given are in AP then the selling price and the percent loss are given,
corresponding time taken is in HP multiply the selling price by the percent loss
• If two objects are moving in same direction and subtract the result from the selling
with speeds a and b then their relative price.
speed is |a-b| (iii) To find the selling price when the cost and
• If two objects are moving is opposite the percent loss are given, add the percent
direction with speeds a and b then their loss to 100% and divide the cost by this
relative speed is (a+b) sum.

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(iv) To find the selling price when the profit and 4. If A is R% less than B, then B is more
the percent profit are given, or to find the than A by= [R/ (100 - R)] x 100%
selling price when the loss and the percent Note: For two successive changes of x% and
loss are given, divide the profit or loss by y%, net change = {x + y +xy/100}%
the percent profit or loss. Average
• Discount = M P – S P Formula:
• Discount %, D% = (Discount) / (M P) ×100 • Average: = (Sum of observations / Number
Percentage of observations).
• If we have to convert percentage into • If a person travels a distance at a speed of x
fraction then it is divide by 100. km/hr and the same distance at a speed of y
km/hr then the average speed during the
• If we have to convert fraction into
whole journey is given by-
percentage we have to multiple with 100.

• If a person covers A km at x km/hr and B

km at y km/hr and C km at z km/hr, then
the average speed in covering the whole
distance is- When a person leaves

the group and another person joins the

group in place of that person then-
• If the average age is increased, Age of new
person = Age of separated person +
(Increase in average × total number of
persons)
• If the average age is decreased, Age of new
person = Age of separated person -
(Decrease in average × total number of
• If the price of a commodity increases by
R%, then the reduction in consumption so persons)
as not to increase the expenditure is: [R/ • When a person joins the group- In case of
(100 + R)] x 100% increase in average, Age of new member =
Previous average + (Increase in average ×
• If the price of a commodity decreases by
Number of members including new member)
R%, then the increase in consumption so as
not to decrease the expenditure is: [R/ (100 • When a person joins the group- In case of
- R)] x 100% decrease in average, Age of new member =
Previous average - (Decrease in average ×
• Let the population of a town be P now and
Number of members including new member)
suppose it increases at the rate of R% per
annum, then: • In the Arithmetic Progression there are two
cases when the number of terms is odd and
1.Population after n years = P(1 + R/100)n
2.Population n years ago =P/(1 + R/100)n second one is when number of terms is
even.
• Let the present value of a machine be P.
(i) So when the number of terms is odd the average
Suppose it depreciates at the rate of R% per
will be the middle term.
annum. Then:
(i) when the number of terms is even then the
1. Value of the machine after n years = P
average will be the average of two middle terms.
(1 - R/100)n
Algebra
2. Value of the machine n years ago =
P/[(1 - R/100)]n •
3. If A is R% more than B, then B is less •
than A by= [R/ (100 + R)] x 100% •
•

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7. If A can do a work in ‘x’ days and B can do the

•
same work in ‘y’ days, then the number of days
• required to complete the work if A and B work
• together is
•
•
•
• If then 8. If A can do a work in ‘x’ days and A + B can do
the same work in ‘y’ days, then the number of days
required to complete the work if B works alone is
Partnership
P1: P2 = C1×T1: C2×T2
Here, P1 = Profit for Partner 1.
C1 = Capital by Partner 1.
T1 = Time period for which Partner 1 invested his
capital. Perimeter, Area & Volume Rectangle
P2 = Profit for Partner 2. A four-sided shape that is made up of two pairs of
C2 = Capital by Partner 2. parallel lines and that has four right angles;
T2 = Time period for which Partner 2 invested his especially: a shape in which one pair of lines is
capital. longer than the other pair.
Time, work & wages
1. Work from Days:
• If A can do a piece of work in n days, then
A’s n days work is=1/n
• No. of days = total work / work done in 1
day
• Days from Work: If A’s 1 day’s work =1/n The diagonals of a rectangle bisect each other and
then A can finish the work in n days. are equal.
2. Relationship between Men and Work. Area of rectangle = length x breadth = l x b
• More men ------- can do -------> More
work OR Area of rectangle = if one sides (l)
• Less men ------- can do -------> Less work and diagonal (d) are given.
3. Relationship between Work and Time
• More work -------- takes------> More OR Area of rectangle = if perimeter (P)
Time
• Less work -------- takes------> Less Time and diagonal (d) are given.
4. Relationship between Men and Time
Perimeter (P) of rectangle = 2 (length + breadth) =
• More men ------- can do in -------> Less
2 (l + b).
Time
• Less men ------- can do in -------> More OR Perimeter of rectangle = if one
Time side (l) and diagonal (d) are given.
5. If M1 persons can do W1 work in D1 days and
Square
M2 persons can do W2 work in D2 days, then
A four-sided shape that is made up of four straight
sides that are the same length and that has four
right angles.
6. If M1 persons can do W1 work in D1 days for
h1 hours and M2 persons can do W2 work in
D2 days for h2 hours, then

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The diagonals of a square are equal and bisect each

other at 900.
(a) Area (a) of a square

Perimeter (P) of a square

= 4a, i.e. 4 x side
here AOB is a sector
length of arc AB= 2πrΘ/360°
Length (d) of the diagonal of a square
Area of Sector ACBO=1/2[arc AB × radius] = πr ×
r×Θ/360°
Ring or Circular Path:
R=outer radius
r=inner radius
Circle
A circle is a path travelled by a point which moves
in such a way that its distance from a fixed point
remains constant.

area=π(R2-r2)
Perimeter=2π(R+r)
Rhombus
Rhombus is a quadrilateral whose all sides are
The fixed point is known as center and the fixed
equal.
distance is called the radius.
(a) Circumference or perimeter of circle =
where r is radius and d is diameter of circle
(b) Area of circle
is radius
The diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at
is circumference 900
Area (a) of a rhombus
circumference x radius = a * h, i.e. base * height

Product of its diagonals

(c) Radius of circle =

Sector: since d22

A sector is a figure enclosed by two radii and an
arc lying between them.

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since d22 Trapezium (Trapezoid)

A trapezoid is a 2-dimensional geometric figure with
four sides, at least one set of which are parallel.
The parallel sides are called the bases, while the
other sides are called the legs. The term
Perimeter (P) of a rhombus
‘trapezium,’ from which we got our word trapezoid
= 4a, i.e. 4 x side has been in use in the English language since the
1500s and is from the Latin meaning ‘little table.’

Where d1 and d2 are two-diagonals.

Side (a) of a rhombus

Parallelogram Area (a) of a trapezium

A quadrilateral in which opposite sides are equal 1/2 x (sum of parallel sides) x perpendicular
and parallel is called a parallelogram. The diagonals Distance between the parallel sides
of a parallelogram bisect each other.
Area (a) of a parallelogram = base × altitude i.e.,
corresponding to the base = b × h

Where, l = b – a if b > a = a – b if a > b

and

Height (h) of the trapezium

Area (a) of a parallelogram

Pathways Running across the middle of a
rectangle:
where a and b are adjacent sides, d is the length of
the diagonal connecting the ends of the two sides
and

X is the width of the path

Area of path= (l+b-x)x
perimeter= 2(l+b-2x)
Outer Pathways
In a parallelogram, the sum of the squares of the
diagonals = 2
(the sum of the squares of the two adjacent sides).
i.e.,
Perimeter (P) of a parallelogram
= 2 (a+b),
Where a and b are adjacent sides of the
parallelogram. Area=(l+b+2x)2x
Perimeter=4(l+b+2x)

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Inner Pathways Right Circular Cylinder

Area=(l+b-2x)2x
Perimeter=4(l+b-2x)
• If there is a change of X% in defining
dimensions of the 2-d figure then its
perimeter will also change by X%
• If all the sides of a quadrilateral are changed
by X% then its diagonal will also change by
X%.
• The area of the largest triangle that can be
inscribed in a semicircle of radius r is r2. Volume of Cylinder = π r^2 h
• The number of revolution made by a circular Lateral Surface Area (LSA or CSA) = 2π r h
wheel of radius r in travelling distance d is Total Surface Area = TSA = 2 π r (r + h)
given by number of revolution =d/2πr Right Circular Cone
• If the length and breadth of the rectangle
are increased by x% and y% then the area
of the rectangle will be increased by.
(x+y+xy/100)%
• If the length and breadth of a rectangle are
decreased by x% and y% respectively then
the area of the rectangle will decrease by:
(x+y-xy/100)%
• If the length of a rectangle is increased by
x%, then its breadth will have to be
decreased by (100x/100+x)% in order to
maintain the same area of the rectangle. l^2 = r^2 + h^2
• If each of the defining dimensions or sides of Volume of cone = 1/3 π r^2 h
any 2-D figure is changed by x% its area Curved surface area: CSA= π r l
changes by : Total surface area = TSA = πr(r + l )
x(2+x/100)% Frustum of a Cone
where x=positive if increase and negative if
decreases.
Cube

r = top radius, R = base radius,

h = height, s = slant height
s = side Volume: V = π/ 3 (r^2 + rR + R^2)h
Volume: V = s^3 Surface Area: S = πs(R + r) + πr^2 + πR^2
Lateral surface area = 4a2 Sphere
Surface Area: S = 6s^2
Diagonal (d) = s√3
Cuboid

r = radius
Volume of cuboid: length x breadth x width
Volume: V = 4/3 πr^3
Total surface area = 2 ( lb + bh + hl)
Surface Area: S = 4π^2

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Hemisphere

Volume-Hemisphere = 2/3 π r^3

Curved surface area(CSA) = 2 π r^2 Pyramid
Total surface area = TSA = 3 π r^2
Prism
Volume = Base area x height

Volume of a right pyramid = (1/3) × area of the

base × height.
Area of the lateral faces of a right pyramid = (1/2)
Lateral Surface area = perimeter of the base x
× perimeter of the base x slant height.
height
Area of the whole surface of a right pyramid = area
of the lateral faces + area of the base.