PLUMBING ARITHMETIC - ELEMENTS 28.

Diagonal – a line that joins two

nonconsecutive vertices of a polygon.
1. Myriagon - polygon with 10,000 sides. 29. Decahedron – a polyhedron with ten faces.
2. Skew Lines – two nonparallel lines in space 30. Compound Interest – is defined as the
that do not intersect. interest of loan or principal which is based not
3. Specific Volume – is the volume per unit only on the original amount of the loan or
mass. It is reciprocal of the mass density. principal but the amount of the loan or
4. Duopoly – two sellers and many buyers. principal plus the previous accumulated
5. Interest – is the amount of money or payment interest. This means that the interest charges
for use of a borrowed money or capital. grow exponentially over a period of time.
6. Perpetuity – when an annuity does not have 31. Apothem – the perpendicular distance from
fixed time span but continues indefinitely. the center of polygon to its sides.
7. Roman Numerals – a numeral system used by 32. Perfect Competition – a market situation
the ancient romans. wherein a given product is supplied by a very
8. Centroid – is the point of intersection of all large number of vendors and there is no
three medians of triangle. restriction of any additional vendor from
9. Arithmetic Progression – is a series of entering the market.
numbers having a common difference. 33. Obtuse Angle – angle more than 90° but less
10. Chiliagon – polygon with 1,000 sides. than 180°.
11. Necessities – these are products or services 34. Arithmetic Mean – is the number or quantity
that are required to support human life and between two terms of an arithmetic series.
activities that will be purchased in somewhat 35. Weight – is the resultant gravitational force
the same quantity even though the price varies acting on the body due to all other bodies in
considerably. space. It is always a vertical force acting
12. Vector Quantities – are quantities whose downward.
measurement is specified by magnitude and 36. Exponent – the power to which a number is
direction. raised is indicated by a small superior figure.
13. Oligopoly – few sellers and many buyers. 37. Prime Cost – Direct labor cost incurred in the
14. Abscissa – is the value of the X – coordinate factory and direct material costs are the costs
on a coordinate plane. of all material that go into production.
15. Market – is the place where the vendors or 38. Complex Number – number that is
sellers and vendees or the buyers. expressible in the form of “a+bi”.
16. Complementary Angle – angles whose sum is 39. Isosceles Triangle – a triangle in which only
90°. two sides are equal while the third side is
17. Annuity – is defined as a series of equal different.
payments occurring at equal interval of time. 40. Arithmetic – is a branch of mathematics
18. Equilateral Triangle – is a triangle whose dealing with integers and more generally,
three sides are equal. numeral computation.
19. Specific Weight – is the weight per unit 41. Right Angle – angle equal to 90°.
volume. 42. Circumference – distance around a circle or a
20. Deflation – reduction in the level of national close curve.
income and output usually accompanied by the 43. Sole Proprietorship – considered as the
fall in the general price level. simplest type of business organization where
21. Polygon – a plane closed curved separated by in the firm is owned and controlled by a single
broken lines. person.
22. Icosagon – polygon with 20 sides. 44. Ordinary Simple Interest – is based on one
23. Speed – is the distance per unit time. banker’s year. 1 banker year = 12 months of 30
24. Depreciation – is the reduction or fall in the days each.
value of an asset or physical property during 45. Algebra – branch of mathematics that deals in
the course of its working life and due to representing numbers through variables. Also
passage of time. deals with symbols, relations, functions and
25. Dodecahedron – a polyhedron with twelve equations.
faces. 46. Heptagon – polygon with 7 sides.
26. Partnership – is a firmed owned and 47. Investment – grand total of the assets and
controlled by two or more persons who are operational capability of a corporation.
bind to a partnership agreement. 48. Parallel Lines – lines that have the same slope
27. Bid Bulletin – additional information of or the same angle of inclination.
prospective bidders on contract documents
issued prior to bidding date.
49. Chord – a line segment on the interior of a 71. Ordinary Annuity – is a type of annuity
circle with both its endpoints lying on the where the payments are made the end of each
circle. period beginning on the first period.
50. Corporation – is a firm owned by a group of 72. Supplementary Angle – angles whose sum is
ordinary shareholders and the capital of which 180°.
is divided up to the number of shares. It is also 73. Annuity Due – is a type of annuity where the
defined as a district entity separate from the payments are made the beginning of each
individuals who owns it and can be engage in period stating from the first period.
any business transaction which a real person 74. Deferred Annuity – is the one where the first
could do. This is sometimes known as joint- payment does not begin until some later date in
stock company or a cooperative. the cash flow.
51. Luxuries – these are products or services that 75. Monopsony – many sellers and one buyer.
are desired by human and will be purchase if 76. Bilateral Monopoly – one seller and one
money is available after the required buyer.
necessities have been obtain. 77. Asymptote – line that a graph gets closer and
52. Parallelogram – a quadrilateral whose closer to, but never touches or crosses it.
opposite sides are equal in length and parallel. 78. Duopsony – many sellers and two buyers.
53. Gratuitous – kind of obligation which has no 79. Trapezoid – a quadrilateral whose two sides
condition attached. parallel.
54. Monopoly – one seller and many buyers. 80. Oligopsony – many sellers and few buyers.
55. Book Value – is the worth of the property as 81. Acute Angle – angle less than 90 degrees.
reflected in the book records of the company. 82. Bilateral Oligopoly – few sellers and few
56. Market Value – is the amount a willing buyer buyers.
will pay to willing seller for a property where 83. Angle of Depression – is the angle below the
each has equal advantage and neither one of horizontal plane of the observer.
them is under a compulsion to buy or sell. 84. Geometric Mean – is the number or quantity
57. Octagon – polygon with 8 sides. between two terms of a geometric series.
58. Concurrent Lines – more than three lines 85. Bank Note – the paper currency issued by the
having a common point. Central Bank which forms part of the
59. Imaginary Number – are numbers that country’s money supply.
contains imaginary “i”. 86. Acceleration – is the change of velocity per
60. Reflex Angle – angle more than 180° but less unit time.
than 360°. 87. Declining Balance Method – also known as
61. Physical Inventory – consists of the actual Diminishing Balance Method or Constant
counting or determination of the actual Percentage Method. It cannot have a salvage
quantity of the materials on hand as of a given value of zero.
date. 88. Bisector – line that cuts another line segment
62. Coplanar – falling on the same plane. into two equal parts.
63. Atmospheric or Barometric Pressure – it is 89. Rhombus – parallelogram with four equal
the pressure exerted by the atmosphere on sides.
every surface with which it comes in a contact 90. Radical Numbers – numbers that involved
and is measured by a barometer. radical signs. Ex. √5, √7, √11.
64. Ellipse – is locus of points which moves so 91. Momentum – is the product of the mass of the
that the sum of its distanced from two fixed body and velocity of a body.
points called foci is equal to the length of 92. Nonagon – polygon with 9 sides.
major axis 2a. 93. Acid Test Ratio – an index of short term
65. Slope – measure of steepness of a line. paying ability.
66. Power – is the time rate of doing work. 94. Asset – work in process.
67. Discount – refers to the difference between the 95. Chairman of the Board – highest position in
future worth of a negotiable paper and its the corporation.
present worth. It also refers to the sale of stock 96. Current Assets – liquid assets such as cash
or share at reduced price. It may refer to the and other assets that can be converted quickly
deduction from the published price of services into cash, such as accounts receivable and
or goods. merchandise.
68. Root – factor repeated to produce a power. 97. Economic Life – the length of time which the
69. Angle of Elevation – is the angle above the property maybe operated at a profit.
horizontal plane of the observer. 98. Escalatory Clause – the provision in the
70. Radicand – the number under the radical sign. contract that indicates the possible adjustment
of material cost and labor cost.
 99. Depreciation Recovery – the present worth of
all depreciation over the economic life of the
item.
100. Coupon Bond – bond to which attached
coupons are indicating the interest due and the
date when such interest is to e paid.