BallotChain for Secure and Transparent

Election System using Blockchain Technology

A.Dhanamathi1, Assistant Professor, Roever Engineering College, Perambalur, Tamilnadu, India
P.Menaga2, Student, Roever Engineering College, Perambalur, Tamilnadu, India
K.Nandhini3, Student, Roever Engineering College, Perambalur, Tamilnadu, India

Abstract - In India online voting has not been yet implemented. The current voting system is not safe and secure too.
The technology can ensure the safety of every vote, better and faster and much more accurate counting and automatic
tallying. In this paper, we aim to facilitate the consolidation of AI ecosystems by developing a blockchain-based
traceable self-tallying e-voting system. The proposed system presents a novel voting system by using QR and
Fingerprint of Aadhaar card. When the voting system is integrated with the Internet of Things, the system permits the
elector to cast their vote. Block Chain Technology comes into existence that is integrated within the machine.

Index Terms: Blockchain, self-tallying, e-voting.

1. INTRODUCTION
Blockchain technology is a structure that If the technology is used correctly, the
stores transactional records, also known as the blockchain is a digital, decentralized, encrypted,
block, of the public in several databases, known transparent ledger that can withstand
as the ―chain,‖ in a network connected manipulation and fraud. Because of the
through peer-to-peer nodes. Typically, this distributed structure of the blockchain, a Bitcoin
storage is referred to as a 'digital ledger electronic voting system reduces the risks
Blockchain technology fixed involved with electronic voting and allows for a
shortcomings in today’s method in elections tamper-proof for the voting system. A
made the polling mechanism clear and blockchain-based electronic voting system
accessible, stopped illegal voting, strengthened requires a wholly distributed voting
the data protection, and checked the outcome of infrastructure. Electronic voting based on
the polling. The electronic voting system blockchain will only work where the online
implementation using blockchain is very voting system is fully controlled by no single
significant [8]. However, electronic voting body, not even the government [9]. To sum-up,
carries significant risks such as if an electronic elections can only be free and fair when there is
voting system is compromised; all cast votes can a broad belief in the legitimacy of the power held
probably be manipulated and misused. Electronic by those in positions of authority. The literature
voting has thus not yet been adopted on a review for this field of study and other related
national scale, considering all its possible experiments may be seen as a good path for
advantages. making voting more efficient in terms of
Today, there is a viable solution to administration and participation. However, the
overcome the risks and electronic voting, which idea of using blockchain offered a new model for
is blockchain technology. In traditional voting electronic voting
systems, we have a central authority to cast a Currently available blockchain-based
vote. If someone wants to modify or change the voting systems have scalability issues. These
record, they can do it quickly; no one knows how systems can be used on a small scale. Still, their
to verify that record. No central authority; the systems are not efficient for the national level to
data are stored in multiple nodes. It is not handle millions of transactions because they use
possible to hack all nodes and change the data. current blockchain frameworks such as Bitcoin,
Thus, in this way, one cannot destroy the votes Ethereum, Hyperledger Fabric, etc. Hence
and efficiently verify the votes by tally with implementation of scalability mechanism needs
other nodes. to be strengthened.

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2. RELATED WORK This reduces the time taken to publish the
P. Tarasov and H. Tewari Proposed results. Reduce labour force, money and time
Electronic voting, to be successful, requires a
more transparent and secure approach, than is 3. SYSTEM MODEL
offered by current protocols. The approach Current voting system is the
presented in this paper involves a protocol conventional voting system built on ballot
developed on blockchain technology. The machine where the voter are allow to cast
underlying technology used in the voting their vote by pressing the button along with
system is a payment scheme, which offers the symbol on the voting machine. E-voting
anonymity of transactions, a trait not seen in system have been introduced using biometric
blockchain protocols to date.[1] technology which use face detection and
X. Yang, X. Yi, S. Nepal, A. recognition to cast their vote on their place
Kelarev, and F. Han proposed a ranked without moving to polling booth they can cast
choice online voting system, which addresses their votes through online
these challenges. It eliminates all hardwired
restrictions on the possible assignments of Disadvantages
points to different candidates according to the  Paper-based electronic voting system-
voters' personal preferences. In order to This process can be boring and error
protect the confidentiality of the votes, each prone and costly.
cast ballot is encrypted using the exponential  Direct-Recording Electronic (DRE)
ElGamal cryptosystem before submission.[4] voting system
1. Expense
S.Jehovah,Jireh 2. Still ultimately fail if there are
Arputhamoni,A.Gnana Saravanan proposed substantial usability problems
the detection of face and fingerprint images, 3. Use of telephonic network, private
the number of fake voters can be reduced computer network and internet.
using Haar Cascade Algorithm. This proposed  Rigging
smart voting system uses face and Fingerprint
 Counting Problem
recognition by using the image. This work is
 Time and money waste
more secure and efficient and better way to
vote with minimum time-consuming.
Proposed System:
A. Qureshi, D. Megías, and H. Rifa-
This proposed concept is a web-based
Pous proposed Ja secure and verifiable polling
system so basic features related with web-
system, SeVEP, that employs well-known
based technologies such as client-server,
cryptographic primitives to provide vote and
database, image processing.
voter's privacy, and poll integrity, confirms the
The use of Fingerprint System using
identity of voters through a multifactor
DCNN and Blockchain Integration with
authentication scheme, enables multiple voting
aadhar will ensure authenticity and security.
within the allowed polling period, prevents
Hence any one can vote at any booth. This
double voting, and achieves verifiability and
kind of online voting system makes vote
uncoercibility in the presence of untrusted
counting at the end of the day and result will
voting device. [5]
be announced in short span of time.
SGanesh Prabhu; A
Nizarahammed.; SPrabu.; SRaghul.;
Advantages:
R.R.Thirrunavukkarasu; P. Jayarajan
• Prevent duplicate registrations
suggested that If the user decides to vote
• Provide a simple and user-friendly
through offline the user must have an RFID
interface for registering and
tag which will be issued by the government to
identifying voters
him/her. Avoiding any mistakes to takes place.
• Is easily scalable

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 • Ensure quick and precise biometric to a person. This identity cannot be forged or
voting identification duplicated by anyone else unless or until, the
• Blockchain integration for security owner of identity shares his password/private
• Provide a clear and easily accessible key. Also whenever the Aadhar number is
audit trail used for verification, the record will be
• Facilitate interoperability between written forever in the database. In this
government agencies for database scenario, the person can know when and
consolidation and maintenance where his Aadhar number was used.
Citizen cast their vote, the pooling
In our model, First the election officer verify vote in pooling booth next
commission admin play the major role in preceding officer verify the cast status finally
system architecture the admin adds the returning officer verify cast count status
constituency, symbol, assign polling officer, In figure 3.2, the person enroll Figure
presiding officer, returning officer, add booth Print (FP) acquisition after that there will be
details integrated aadhar database, ECI login reprocessing, the FP segmentation, minutia
then SMS will be generated for result extraction, classification, classified file stored
declaration there will be self tallying process in server. If the person fingerprint matches
continued by a fingerprint verification, QR with him he / she is allowed to vote if it not
verification and blockchain integration for matches then he / she is not allowed to vote
Aadhar integration.

Figure 3.2: online voting

Figure 3.1 : Voter verification

4. PROPOSED WORK
Blockchain is an upgraded ledger. The
information stored in Blockchain is verified 4.1 Ballotchain Web Dashboard:
before it is written in the database. The entry The election commission board set
is immutable i.e. can’t be changed in future. It under registration process in server. In Under
has other information like time stamp, registration process, the Electoral Server is
signature of person/authority of verified the integrated with Aadhar and Blockchain to
record. conduct election securely. In voting process,
The use of Blockchain technology for when election commission checks the voting
Aadhaar, can immediately assign an identity progress in server.

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 Election Commission Admin: part of the country to exercise their franchise
Election officer has the authority to add, even after they move cities.
delete or edit the election district list. Booth
details like the reference number, district, and Blockchain Integration
the booth manager in-charge can be seen or 1) Stores the encrypted ballots.
2) Verify the validity of the ballots.
edited.
3) Count the encrypted ballot.
ECI Authority: Once the election 4)Verify the correctness of the voting
commission deselects, the voting progress result.
gets closed in server. The e-voting machine 5)Publish the voting result and provide
assigned as voting closed at this time voter the platform for the voters to verify the voting
cannot able to poll their vote. Finally, the process.
election commission selects the Result
announcement option in the server 4.3 Voter Verification Module
Returning Officer: Returning Officer This module uses the QR code and
is dsignated as Returning Officer by the fingerprint biometric authentication provided
Commission in consultation with the by the Aadhaar card in India.
concerned State government. All the Aadhar QR Verification Aadhaar
nomination papers are submitted to the card contains a citizen information, Aadhaar
Returning Officer. Candidate details like number, QR code. In that, Aadhaar QR code
name, age, party, district can check, edited, contains a valid Aadhaar number.
added or deleted by RO. DCNN Based Biometric Verification
Presiding Officers: Each polling The individual’s biometric features are
booth on an average caters to about a captured and compared to previously captured
thousand votes. Every such booth is under the and confirmed biometric features of that
charge of an officer who is called the individual
Presiding Officer.He/she supervises the entire
process polling in the polling booth and 4.4 Self tallying and result announcement
ensures that every voter gets an opportunity to The tallying of the election is done on
cast vote freely. the fly in the smart contracts. Each ballot
Pooling Officer: Every Presiding smart contract does their own tally for their
Officer is assisted by three to four polling corresponding location in its own storage. The
officers. Pooling Officer login to the final tally, the sum
ballotchain dashboard with given username EndCore Counting: In this module
and password. The Pooling officer receiving Artificial Intelligence applied to the electoral
the vote may demand that the voter Aadhar count using Counting Sort Decision
identify himself/herself before he or she Algorithm. It is the most vital and robust
inserts the ballot in the ballot box. Citizen module that has been developed to run on the
The Citizen can verify ballots on the Election Day for counting of votes,
blockchain to make sure the validity of the monitoring of end-to-end process and
voting process. declaration of Results by the System.
Result Announcement and Notification
4.2 Poll-site Internet voting :The counting result is announced by the ECI
The model of an Aadhaar-linked Authority after ending the election. When an
electronic voting system that would enable election is over, the final result for each smart
electors to cast their votes from any part of contract is published. The voter receives
the country — irrespective of where they are confirmation from the system that the ballot
registered to vote to develop a blockchain has been received. Confirmation is preferably
system that will allow voters registered in any sent over a different channel (SMS, for
example). The voter checks the

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receipt/confirmation SMS and VIVL Link and [6].S.Jehovah Jireh Arputhamoni; A.Gnana
exits the system Saravanan, ―Online Smart Voting System
Using Biometrics Based Facial and
5 CONCLUSION Fingerprint Detection on Image
The idea of adapting digital voting Processing and CNN―, 2021 Third
systems to make the public electoral process International Conference on Intelligent
cheaper, faster and easier, is a compelling one Communication Technologies and Virtual
in modern society Mobile Networks (ICICV)
In this paper, we introduced a unique, [7].Ramya Govindaraj, Kumaresan P, K.Sree
blockchain-based electronic voting system harshitha, ―Online Voting System using
that utilizes smart contracts to enable secure Cloud Year: 2020, International
and cost-efficient election while guaranteeing Conference on Emerging Trends in
voters privacy Information Technology and Engineering
Using an Ballotchain private (ic-ETITE)
blockchain, it is possible to send hundreds of [8].Xiao, S.; Wang, X.A.; Wang, W.; Wang,
transactions per second onto the blockchain, H. ―Survey on Blockchain-Based
utilizing every aspect of the smart contract to Electronic Voting‖. In Proceedings of the
ease the load on the blockchain International Conference on Intelligent
The election scheme allows individual Networking and Collaborative Systems,
voters to vote at a voting district of their Oita, Japan, 5–7 September 2019.
choosing while guaranteeing that each [9].Imperial, M, ―The Democracy to
individual voter’s vote is counted from the Come? An Enquiry into the Vision of
correct district, which could potentially Blockchain-Powered E-Voting Start-
increase voter turnout. Ups‖. Front. Blockchain 2021, 4, 17.
[10]. V.C. Mller and N. Bostrom, ‖Future
progress in artificial intelligence: A
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