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1 - Introduction and Anatomical Terminologies

The document discusses anatomical terminology and concepts including anatomical planes, positions, movements, directions, and bone features. It covers topics such as midsagittal, coronal, and transverse planes, as well as anatomical positions, different types of movements including flexion and extension, and bone elevations, projections, holes, and depressions.

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Aayusha Chipalu
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15 views

1 - Introduction and Anatomical Terminologies

The document discusses anatomical terminology and concepts including anatomical planes, positions, movements, directions, and bone features. It covers topics such as midsagittal, coronal, and transverse planes, as well as anatomical positions, different types of movements including flexion and extension, and bone elevations, projections, holes, and depressions.

Uploaded by

Aayusha Chipalu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction and anatomical

terminologies
• Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body
and the relationship of its constituent parts to
each other.
• -is one of the oldest basic medical sciences first
studied
• Formally in Egypt(approximately 500BC).
• Subdivision---- systemic , regional, functional
,clinical anatomy., embryology, neuroanatomy,
histology, surface anatomy(topographic),
radiographic, sectional and genetics.
Anatomical planes
• Midsagittal plane—vertical plane dividing the body into
right and left halves.
• Parasagital(paramedian ) plane---vertical planes
parallel to the midsaggital plane.
• Coronal planes—vertical planes ,perpendicular to the
sagittal planes.,divides the body into anterior and
posterior parts.
• Transverse(horizontal) planes—dividing the body by
cross sections into upper and lower
parts,perpendicular to sagittal and the coronal planes
• Radiologist refer to horizontal planes as transaxial
• Superficial—close to the skin/ towards the
body surface
• Deep—away from the skin/ away from body
surface
• Ipsilateral—on the same side of the body as
another structure
• Contralateral—on the opposite side of the
body from another structure.
• Invagination—projection inside
• Evagination—projection outside.
• Ventral( anterior)—towards the belly
• Dorsal ( posterior)—towards the back
• Cranial or rostral—towards the head
• Caudal—towards the tail.
• Origin—end of the muscle which is relatively
fixed during its contraction
• Insertion---end of the muscle which moves
during its contraction.
• Belly—fleshy and contractile part of muscle
• Tendon—fibrous non-contractile part and
cord like part of muscle
• Aponeurosis—flattened tendon
Anatomical positions
• Anatomical position
• -refers to the body position as if the person were
standing upright with the:
• -head gaze (eyes), and toes directed anteriorly
(forward)
• -arms adjacent to the sides with the palms facing
anteriorly
• -lower limbs close together with feet parallel.
• Supine position
• Prone position
• Lithotomy position
Anatomical movements
• Are usually described as pairs of opposites.
• 1) flexion—brings the primitively ventral surfaces
together decreasing the angle.
• -takes place in the sagittal plane.
• --planter flexion and dorsiflexion.
• --lateral flexion-movement of the trunk in the
coronal plane.
• 2) extension—straightening the joint,bringing the
dorsal surfaces nearer.
Adduction and abduction
• Adduction--Moving the body part towards
the median(midline ) of the body
• Abduction—moving the body part away from
the mid line of the body
• Inversion and eversion of foot
Rotation

• Medial (internal) and lateral(external)


rotations—takes place around the vertical axis
• Medial rotation—inward rotation moving the
body part so that its anterior surface is faces
to the midline.
• Lateral rotation—outward rotation
• Supination and pronation of forearm
• Protraction and retraction.
• Elevation and depression.
• Elevation and depression
• Superficial and deep
• Medial and lateral
• External and internal
• Proximal and distal
• BONES
• a) Elevations and projections
• Ala—wing-like projection
• Auricular---ear-shaped
• Condyle---smooth, rounded elevation, often
covered with articular hyaline cartilage
• Epicondyle---elevation on the condyle
• Crest---a sharp ridge
•
• Facet---smooth area, usually covered with
articular hyaline cartilage
• Hamulus---hook-like projection
• Lamina---a thin plate of bone
• Spine---an elongated projection
• Trochanter---a large rounded elevation
• Trochlea---a pulley-shaped surface
• Tubercle---a small rounded elevation
• Tuberosity---a large rounded elevation.
• HOLES AND DEPRESSIONS
• Canal---a bony tunnel
• Fissure---a narrow slit
• Foramen---a hole
• Fossa--- a wide depression
•

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