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Acceleration Due To Gravity Using Simple Pendulum: AIM Theory

The document describes an experiment to measure acceleration due to gravity using a simple pendulum. It provides the theory behind using a simple pendulum with the oscillation period formula. It lists the apparatus required and procedures to set up the pendulum, take measurements of oscillation period for different lengths, and calculate the acceleration due to gravity.

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MUZAMMIl
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6 views

Acceleration Due To Gravity Using Simple Pendulum: AIM Theory

The document describes an experiment to measure acceleration due to gravity using a simple pendulum. It provides the theory behind using a simple pendulum with the oscillation period formula. It lists the apparatus required and procedures to set up the pendulum, take measurements of oscillation period for different lengths, and calculate the acceleration due to gravity.

Uploaded by

MUZAMMIl
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4.

ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY USING


SIMPLE PENDULUM
AIM
To measure the acceleration due to gravity using a simple pendulum

THEORY
For a physical pendulum with small deflections, the oscillation period is
given by
T = 2π·sqrt(lr/g)
with the reduced pendulum length lr = J/ms. If the reduced pendulum
length lr and the oscillation period T are known, this can be used for
calculating the acceleration due to gravity
g = lr·4π2/T2.
Often the reduced pendulum length cannot be determined with the
desired precision if the precise determination of the moment of inertia
or of the center of gravity are difficult. With the reversible pendulum,
the mass distribution is modified in such a way that the oscillation
period is identical for both rotational axes. From this it can be
concluded that the reduced pendulum length lr corresponds to the
distance between the two axes and therefore is known to a high degree
of precision.
According to Steiner's theorem, J = JS + ms2 with JS being the moment of
inertia of the pendulum with respect to the axis through the center of
gravity and s being the distance between the center of gravity and
rotational axes. The reduced pendulum length is therefore
lr = J/ms = JS/ms + s.
The second rotational axis is now located on the other side of the
center of gravity and, with the same oscillation period and the same
reduced pendulum length, is at a distance x from the center of gravity.
In this case
lr = JS/mx + x.
If the equation is rearranged to give the value for x, x = lr – s. The
distance between the two rotational axes s+x therefore precisely
corresponds to the reduced pendulum length lr.
Because the oscillation period T can be determined precisely, the
reversible pendulum is very suitable for the determination of the value
of the earth's acceleration g.

APPARATUS REQUIRED
Pendulum Stand, Pendulum Bob, Thread or String, Meter Scale, Stop
Watch.
Instrument
PROCEDURE OF PREPARING PENDULUM
1. Take a pipe or wooden stick.

2. Attach it with a firm base.

3. Take another stick attach with the vertical stick with 'L' pipe connector.

4. Take a thread and tie a weight on one end.

5. Tie up another end of the thread in the stick attached horizontally.

PROCEDURE OF THE EXPERIMENT


1. Attach a small brass bob to the thread

2. Fix this thread on to the stand

3. Measure the length of the pendulum from top to the middle of the bob of the
pendulum

4. Record the length of the pendulum in the table below.

5. Note the time (t) for 10 oscillations using stop watch

6. The period of oscillation T = t/10

7. Repeat the experiment for different lengths of the pendulum 'L' Find acceleration due to
gravity g using the given formula.
RESULT
The acceleration due to gravity ‘g’ determined using simple pendulum
is
i) By calculation = . . . . . . . . . m s-2
ii) By graph = . . . . . . . . . m s-2

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