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Chapter 5 Tut 1

This document contains information about thermodynamics including examples involving the first law of thermodynamics. It provides details on state changes, properties, heat transfer and work calculations for systems involving gases and liquids under different conditions.

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Yash Kr
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11 views

Chapter 5 Tut 1

This document contains information about thermodynamics including examples involving the first law of thermodynamics. It provides details on state changes, properties, heat transfer and work calculations for systems involving gases and liquids under different conditions.

Uploaded by

Yash Kr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Chapter 5: The First Law of

Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics
(5.35/5.34) A 100-L rigid tank contains nitrogen
(N2) at 900 K, 3 MPa. The tank is now cooled to
100 K. What are the work and heat transfer for
this process?
C.V. : Nitrogen in tank. m2  m1
Energy equation : m(u2  u1 )  1Q2  1W2
V
Process : V  constant  v2  v1  and 1W2  0
m
State 1: T1  900 K, P1  3 MPa  superheated
3
Table B.6.2 : v1  0.090 m /kg, u1  691.7 kJ/kg

Engineering Thermodynamics
V 0.1 m3
m  3
 1.111kg
v1 0.090 m /kg

State 2: T2  100 K, v2  v1  0.090 m3 /kg  vg @100K


 superheated
look in Table B.6.2 at 100 K

200kPa : v  0.1425 m3 /kg, u  71.73 kJ/kg

400kPa : v  0.06806 m3 /kg, u  69.30 kJ/kg


interpolation gives : P2  341kPa , u2  70.0 kJ/kg

Engineering Thermodynamics
1 Q2  m(u2  u1 )  1W2
 1.111 kg  70.0  691.7  kJ/kg  0
= 690.7 kJ

Engineering Thermodynamics
(5.37/5.39) A cylinder fitted with a frictionless
piston contains 2 kg of superheated refrigerant
R-134a vapor at 350 kPa, 100oC. The cylinder is
now cooled so the R-134a remains at constant
pressure until it reaches a quality of 75%.
Calculate the heat transfer in the process
C.V: R-134a, m2  m1  m
Energy Eqn.: m(u2  u1 )  1 Q2  1W2
Process: P = Constant => 1W2   PdV  PV  Pm(v2  v1 )

Energy Eqn.: m(u2  u1 )  1 Q2  Pm(v2  v1 )


 1 Q2  m([u2  P2v2 ]  [u1  Pv
1 1 ])  m(h2  h1 )

Engineering Thermodynamics
State 1: m  2 kg, P1  350 kPa, T1  1000C  Superheated
B.5.2  300 kPa@1000C  P1  350 kPa  400 kPa@1000C
490.48  489.52
h1   490 kJ/kg
2
State 2: P2  P1  350 kPa, x2  0.75
B.5.1 h2  206.75  0.75 194.57  352.7 kJ/kg

1 Q2  m(h2  h1 )  2  (352.7  490)  274.6 kJ

Engineering Thermodynamics
(5.48/5.46) A water-filled reactor with volume of
1 m3 is at 20 MPa, 3600C and placed inside a
containment room. The room is well insulated and
initially evacuated. Due to a failure, the reactor
ruptures and water fills the containment room. Find
the minimum room volume, so the final Pressure
does not exceed 200 kPa.

C.V.: Containment room + reactor


Energy Eqn.: m(u2  u1 )  1Q2  1W2  0

Engineering Thermodynamics 12
State 1: P1  20000 kPa, T1  360o C
 Compressed Liquid: P  Psat , T  Tsat
Vreactor 1
Mass: m   3
 548.5 kg
v1 0.001823 m /kg
Energy Eqn.: m(u2  u1 )  1 Q2  1W2  0  u2  u1
u1  1702.8 kJ/kg  u2
State 2: P2  200 kPa , u2  u g => 2-Phase
u2  u f 1702.8  504.47
x2 =   0.59176
u fg 2025.02
v2  0.001061  0.59176  0.88467  0.52457 m3 /kg
V2  m2 v2  548.5  0.52457  287.7 m3

Engineering Thermodynamics 13
(5.57/5.51) A cylinder having a piston restrained by
a linear spring (of spring constant 15 kN/m)
contains 0.5 kg of saturated vapor water at 120°C,
as shown in Fig. Heat is transferred to the water,
causing the piston to rise. If the piston cross-
sectional area is 0.05 m2, and the pressure varies
linearly with volume until a final pressure of 500
kPa is reached. Find the final temperature in the
cylinder and the heat transfer for the process.

Engineering Thermodynamics
C.V. Water in cylinder.
Continuity: m2 = m1 = m ;
Energy : m(u2 - u1) = 1Q2 - 1W2
State 1: 120oC, saturated vapor
Table B.1.1(page 674 )
=> v1 = 0.89186 m3/kg, u1 = 2529.24 kJ/kg
Process: P2 = P1 + ksm/Ap2 (v2 - v1)

State 2: P2 = 500 kPa


500 kPa = 198.5+15 × 0.5/(0.05)2 (v2 - 0.89186)
 v2 = 0.9924 m3/kg

Engineering Thermodynamics
Table B.1.3 => T2 = 803°C; u2 = 3668 kJ/kg
W12 = ⌠ PdV = ((P1 + P2)/2) m(v2 - v1)
= ((198.5 + 500)/2) × 0.5 × (0.9924 - 0.89186)
= 17.56 kJ

1Q2= m(u2 - u1) + 1W2


= 0.5 × (3668 - 2529.2) + 17.56 = 587 kJ

Engineering Thermodynamics

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