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2020
NATIONAL
BUILDING COST
MANUAL
44th Edition

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Edited by
PL
Ben Moselle
M
SA

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PL
M
SA

Cover design by: Jennifer Johnson

Photos: iStock by Getty Images™
Illustrations by Laura Knight, Devona Quindoy
©2019 Craftsman Book Company
Portions © 2011 Saylor Publications, Inc.
ISBN 978-1-57218-353-7
Published October 2019 for the year 2020

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Contents of This Manual

Explanation of the Cost Tables ................................ 4 Theaters, Masonry or Concrete.................................... 185
Area Modification Factors ........................................ 7 Mobile Home Parks ...................................................... 195
Construction Cost Index .......................................... 9 Service Stations, Wood, Masonry or Steel ................... 198
Service Stations, Porcelain Finished Steel ................... 200
Residential Structures Section ...............................10 Service Stations, Ranch or Rustic ................................ 202
Single Family Residences .............................................. 10
Additional Costs for Service Stations ........................... 204
Manufactured Housing................................................... 16
Service Garages, Masonry or Concrete ....................... 208
Multi-Family Residences ................................................ 19
Service Garages, Wood Frame .................................... 213
Motels ............................................................................. 23
Auto Service Centers, Masonry or Concrete ................ 218
Additional Costs for Residences .................................... 27
Multi-Family and Motel Garages .................................... 31
Industrial Structures Section................................ 222
Cabins and Recreational Dwellings ............................... 32
Warehouses ................................................................. 224
Conventional Recreational Dwellings ............................. 33
Light Industrial Buildings .............................................. 225
“A-Frame” Cabins .......................................................... 38
Factory Buildings ......................................................... 226
Additional Costs for Recreational Dwellings .................. 42
Internal Offices ............................................................. 227
Life in Years and Depreciation for Residences .............. 43
External Offices ............................................................ 227
Steel Buildings.............................................................. 228
Public Buildings Section .........................................44
Alternate Costs for Steel Buildings............................... 230
Elementary Schools ....................................................... 44

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Commercial and Industrial Building Lives .................... 235
Secondary Schools ........................................................ 53
Additional Commercial and Industrial Costs................ 236
Government Buildings.................................................... 56
Material Handling System ............................................ 242
Public Libraries ............................................................... 62
PL
Fire Stations ................................................................... 68
Display Fronts .............................................................. 242
Satellite Receiver Systems ........................................... 245
Commercial Structures Section ..............................74 Signs ............................................................................ 246
Urban Stores, Masonry or Concrete .............................. 76 Yard Improvements ...................................................... 247
Urban Stores, Wood or Wood and Steel ....................... 82
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Agricultural Structures Section ............................ 249
Suburban Stores, Masonry or Concrete ........................ 89
General Purpose Barns ................................................ 250
Suburban Stores, Wood or Wood and Steel.................. 94
Hay Storage Barns ....................................................... 251
Supermarkets, Masonry or Concrete ........................... 103
Feed Barns ................................................................... 252
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Supermarkets, Wood or Wood and Steel .................... 105

Shop Buildings ............................................................. 253
Small Food Stores, Masonry or Concrete .................... 107
Machinery and Equipment Sheds ................................ 254
Small Food Stores, Wood Frame ................................. 109
Small Sheds ................................................................. 255
Discount Houses, Masonry or Concrete ...................... 111
Pole Barns .................................................................... 256
Discount Houses, Wood or Wood and Steel ............... 113
Low Cost Dairy Barns................................................... 257
Banks and Savings Offices, Masonry or Concrete ...... 115
Stanchion Dairy Barns.................................................. 258
Banks and Savings Office, Wood Frame ..................... 120
Walk-Through Dairy Barns ........................................... 259
Department Stores, Reinforced Concrete .................... 126
Modern Herringbone Barns ......................................... 260
Department Stores, Masonry or Concrete ................... 129
Miscellaneous Dairy Costs ........................................... 261
Department Stores, Wood Frame ................................ 132
Poultry Houses, Conventional ...................................... 262
General Office Buildings, Masonry or Concrete .......... 135
Poultry Houses, Modern Type...................................... 263
General Office Buildings, Wood Frame ....................... 143
Poultry Houses, High Rise Type .................................. 264
Medical-Dental Buildings, Masonry or Concrete ......... 151
Poultry Houses, Deep Pit Type .................................... 265
Medical-Dental Buildings, Wood Frame ...................... 159
Poultry House Equipment ............................................ 266
Convalescent Hospitals, Masonry or Concrete ........... 167
Green Houses .............................................................. 267
Convalescent Hospitals, Wood Frame ........................ 169
Migrant Worker Housing .............................................. 268
Funeral Homes ............................................................. 171
Miscellaneous Agricultural Structures .......................... 269
Ecclesiastic Buildings .................................................. 173
Typical Lives for Agricultural Buildings......................... 269
Self Service Restaurants .............................................. 175
Coffee Shop Restaurants ............................................. 178 Military Construction Section ............................... 270
Conventional Restaurants ............................................ 181 Facility Costs ........................................................ 271
“A-Frame” Restaurants ................................................ 183 Index ...................................................................... 273
3
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Explanation of the Cost Tables

This manual shows construction or replacement Each number class has been assigned a word
costs for a wide variety of residential, commercial, description (such as best, good, average or low)
industrial, public, agricultural and military buildings. for convenience and to help avoid possible errors.
For your convenience and to minimize the chance
of an error, all the cost and reference information The quality specifications do not reflect some
you need for each building type is brought together design features and construction details that can
on two or three pages. After reading pages 4 to 6, make a building both more desirable and more
you should be able to turn directly to any building costly. When substantially more than basic design
type and create an error-free estimate or appraisal elements are present, and when these elements
of the construction or replacement cost. add significantly to the cost, it is appropriate to
classify the quality of the building as higher than
The costs are per square foot of floor area for would be warranted by the materials used in
the basic building and additional costs for optional construction.
or extra components that differ from building to
building. Building shape, floor area, design
elements, materials used, and overall quality Many structures do not fall into a single class
influence the basic structure cost. These and other and have features of two quality classes. The tables
cost variables are isolated for the building types. have “half classes” which apply to structures which
Components included in the basic square foot cost have some features of one class and some
are listed with each building type. Instructions for features of a higher or lower class. Classify a
using the basic building costs are included above building into a “half class” when the quality
elements are fairly evenly divided between two

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the cost tables. These instructions include a list of
components that may have to be added to the classes. Generally, quality elements do not vary
basic cost to find the total cost for your structure. widely in a single building. For example, it would be
unusual to find a top quality single family residence
PL
The figures in this manual are intended to reflect with minimum quality roof cover. The most weight
the amount that would be paid by the first user of a should be given to quality elements that have the
building completed in mid 2020. greatest cost. For example, the type of wall and
roof framing or the quality of interior finish are more
Costs in the tables include all construction costs:
significant than the roof cover or bathroom wall
labor, material, equipment, plans, building permit,
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finish. Careful evaluation may determine that
supervision, overhead and profit. Cost tables do
certain structures fall into two distinct classes. In
not include land value, site development costs,
this case, the cost of each part of the building
government mandated fees (other than the building
should be evaluated separately.
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permit) or the cost of modifying unusual soil

conditions or grades. Construction expense may
represent as much as 60% or as little as 40% of the
cost to the first building owner. Site preparation,
utility lines, government fees and mandates, Building Shapes
finance cost and marketing are not part of the
construction cost and may be as much as 20% of Shape classification considers any cost
the cost to the first building owner. differences that arise from variations in building
outline. Shape classification considerations vary
Building Quality somewhat with different building types. Where the
building shape often varies widely between
Structures vary widely in quality and the quality buildings and shape has a significant effect on the
of construction is the most significant variable in the building cost, basic building costs are given for
finished cost. For estimating purposes the structure several shapes. Use the table that most closely
should be placed in one or more quality classes. matches the shape of the building you are
These classes are numbered from 1 which is the evaluating. If the shape falls near the division
highest quality generally encountered. Each section between two basic building cost tables, it is
of this manual has a page describing typical appropriate to average the square foot cost from
specifications which define the quality class. those two tables.

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Explanation of the Cost Tables

Area of Buildings Square foot costs of most building design types
must be adjusted if the actual wall height differs
The basic building cost tables reflect the fact from the listed wall height. Wall height adjustment
that larger buildings generally cost less per square tables are included for buildings requiring this
foot than smaller buildings. The cost tables are adjustment. Wall height adjustment tables list
based on square foot areas which include the square foot costs for a foot of difference in
perimeter wall height of buildings of various areas.
following:
The amount applicable to the actual building area
is added or deducted for each foot of difference
1. All floor area within and including the exterior
from the basic wall height.
walls of the main building.
2. Inset areas such as vestibules, entrances or Buildings such as residences, medical-dental
porches outside of the exterior wall but under the buildings, funeral homes and convalescent
main roof. hospitals usually have a standard 8-foot ceiling
height except in chapels or day room areas. If a
3. Any enclosed additions, annexes or lean-tos with significant cost difference exists due to a wall
a square foot cost greater than three-fourths of height variation, this factor should be considered in
the square foot cost of the main building. establishing the quality class.

Select the basic building cost listed below the

area which falls closest to the actual area of your Other Adjustments
building. If the area of your building falls nearly mid-

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way between two listed building areas, it is A common wall exists when two buildings share
appropriate to average the square foot costs for the one wall. Common wall adjustments are made by
listed areas. deducting the in-place cost of the exterior wall
PL finish plus one-half of the in-place cost of the
Wall Heights structural portion of the common wall area.

Building costs are based on the wall heights If an owner has no ownership in a wall, the in-
given in the instructions for each building cost place cost of the exterior wall finish plus the in-
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table. Wall height for the various floors of a building place cost of the structural portion of the wall
are computed as follows: The basement is should be deducted from the total building costs.
measured from the bottom of floor slab to the Suggested common wall and no wall ownership
bottom of the first floor slab or joist. The main or
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costs are included for many of the building types.

first floor extends from the bottom of the first floor
slab or joist to the top of the roof slab or ceiling
joist. Upper floors are measured from the top of the Some square foot costs include the cost of
floor slab or floor joist to the top of the roof slab or expensive veneer finishes on the entire perimeter
ceiling joist. These measurements may be wall. When these buildings butt against other
illustrated as follows: buildings, adjustments should be made for the lack
of this finish. Where applicable, linear foot cost
deductions are provided.

Upper stories The square foot costs in this manual are based
on composite costs of total buildings including
usual work room or storage areas. They are
intended to be applied on a 100% basis to the total
building area even though certain areas may or
1s t story
may not have interior finish. Only in rare instances
will it be necessary to modify the square foot cost
of a portion of a building.

Multiple story buildings usually share a common

roof structure and cover, a common foundation
Basement
and common floor or ceiling structures. The costs
of these components are included in the various
floor levels as follows:

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Explanation of the Cost Tables

The first or main floor includes the cost of a floor exceptionally high ceiling can reduce the life
structure built at ground level, foundation costs for expectancy of a residence. Some functional
a one-story building, a complete ceiling and roof obsolescence can be cured. The physical life
structure, and a roof cover. The basement includes tables do not consider functional obsolescence.
the basement floor structure and the difference
between the cost of the first floor structure built at Economic obsolescence is caused by
ground level and its cost built over a basement. conditions that occur off site and are beyond
The second floor includes the difference between control of the owner. Examples of economic
the cost of a foundation for a one-story building obsolescence include a store in an area of
and the cost of a foundation for a two-story building declining economic activity or obsolescence
and the cost of the second story floor structure. caused by governmental regulation (such as a
change in zoning). Because this kind of
obsolescence is particularly difficult to measure, it
Location Adjustments is not considered in the physical life tables.
The figures in this manual are intended as “Effective age” considers all forms of
national averages for metropolitan areas of the depreciation. It may be less than chronological
United States. Use the information on page 7 to age, if recently remodeled or improved, or more
adapt the basic building costs to any area listed. than the actual age, if deterioration is particularly
Frequently building costs outside metropolitan bad. Though effective age is not considered in the
areas are 2% to 6% lower if skilled, productive, physical life tables, it may yield a better picture of a

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lower cost labor is available in the area. The factors structure's life than the actual physical age. Once
on page 7 can be applied to nearly all the square the effective age is determined, considering
foot costs and some of the “additional” costs in this
book.
PL physical, functional and economic deterioration,
use the percent good tables on pages 43, 235 or
Temporary working conditions in any community 269 to determine the present value of a
can affect construction and replacement costs. depreciated building. Present value is the result of
Construction which must be done under deadline multiplying the replacement cost (found by using
pressure or in adverse weather conditions or after a the cost tables) by the appropriate percent good.
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major fire, flood, or hurricane or in a thin labor
market can temporarily inflate costs 25% to 50%.
Conditions such as these are usually temporary
Limitations
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and affect only a limited area. But the higher costs

are real and must be considered, no matter how
limited the area and how transient the condition. This manual will be a useful reference for anyone
who has to develop budget estimates or
replacement costs for buildings. Anyone familiar
Depreciation with construction estimating understands that even
very competent estimators with complete working
Depreciation is the loss in value of a structure drawings, full specifications and precise labor and
from all causes and is caused primarily by three material costs can disagree on the cost of a
forms of obsolescence: (1) physical (2) functional, building. Frequently exhaustive estimates for even
and (3) economic. relatively simple structures can vary 10% or more.
Physical obsolescence is the deterioration of The range of competitive bids on some building
building components such as paint, carpets or projects is as much as 20%. Estimating costs is not
roofing. Much of this deterioration is totally curable. an exact science and there’s room for legitimate
The physical life tables on pages 43, 235 and 269 disagreement on what the “right” cost is. This
assume normal physical obsolescence. Good manual can not help you do in a few minutes what
judgment is required to evaluate how deferred skilled estimators may not be able to do in many
maintenance or rehabilitation will reduce or extend the hours. This manual will help you determine a
anticipated physical life of a building. reasonable replacement or construction cost for
most buildings. It is not intended as a substitute for
Functional obsolescence is due to some judgment or as a replacement for sound
deficiency or flaw in the building. For example, too professional practice, but should prove a valuable
few bathrooms for the number of bedrooms or an aid to developing an informed opinion of value.

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Area Modification Factors

Construction costs are higher in some cities than in construction cost variables, including labor, equipment
other cities. Add or deduct the percentage shown on this and material cost, labor productivity, climate, job
page or page 8 to adapt the costs in this book to your conditions and markup.
job site. Adjust your estimated total project cost by the Modification factors are listed alphabetically by state
percentage shown for the appropriate city in this table and city, followed by the first three digits of the postal
to find your total estimated cost. Where 0% is shown it zip code.
means no modification is required. Factors for Canada
adjust to Canadian dollars. These percentages are composites of many costs
and will not necessarily be accurate when estimating the
These percentages were compiled by comparing the cost of any particular part of a building. But when used to
construction cost of buildings in nearly 600 communities modify costs for an entire structure, they should improve
throughout North America. Because these percentages the accuracy of your estimates.
are based on completed projects, they consider all

Alabama Average -4% Salinas 939 1% Atlanta 303 12% Muncie 473 -8% Camden 048 -10%
Anniston 362 -8% San Bernardino 923-924 2% Augusta 308-309 -2% South Bend 466 -2% Cutler 046 -7%
Auburn 368 -4% San Diego 919-921 8% Buford 305 -2% Terre Haute 478 -3% Dexter 049 -4%
Bellamy 369 5% San Francisco 941 27% Calhoun 307 -9% Northern Area 047 -8%
Birmingham 350-352 2% San Jose 950-951 17% Columbus 318-319 -3% Iowa Average -3% Portland 041 2%
Dothan 363 -7% San Mateo 943-944 21% Dublin/Fort Valley 310 -8% Burlington 526 1%
Evergreen 364 -10% Santa Barbara 931 7% Hinesville 313 -6% Carroll 514 -11% Maryland Average 2%
Gadsden 359 -9% Santa Rosa 954 16% Kings Bay 315 -10% Cedar Falls 506 -4%
Stockton 952 4% Annapolis 214 8%
Huntsville 358 -1% Macon 312 -4% Cedar Rapids 522-524 2% Baltimore 210-212 7%
Jasper 355 -8% Sunnyvale 940 20% Marietta 300-302 4% Cherokee 510 1%
Van Nuys 913-916 8% Bethesda 208-209 13%
Mobile 365-366 -2% Savannah 314 -4% Council Bluffs 515 -1% Church Hill 216 -4%
Montgomery 360-361 -2% Whittier 906 8% Statesboro 304 -11% Creston 508 1% Cumberland 215 -8%
Scottsboro 357 -4% Valdosta 316 -1% Davenport 527-528 1% Elkton 219 -5%
Selma 367 -5% Colorado Average 1% Decorah 521 -8%
Aurora 800-801 7% Des Moines 500-503 5% Frederick 217 7%
Sheffield 356 0% Hawaii Average 20%

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Tuscaloosa 354 -4% Boulder 803-804 4% Dubuque 520 -4% Laurel 206-207 8%
Aliamanu 968 22% Salisbury 218 -6%
Colorado Springs 808-809 0% Ewa 967 20% Fort Dodge 505 -3%
Alaska Average 23% Denver 802 8% Halawa Heights 967 20% Mason City 504 -3%
Anchorage 995 26% Durango 813 -1% Hilo 967 20% Ottumwa 525 -6% Massachusetts Average 12%
Fort Morgan 807 -2% Sheldon 512 -7% Ayer 015-016 6%
Fairbanks
Juneau
Ketchikan
997
998
999
27%
19%
18%
Glenwood Springs 816
Grand Junction 814-815
4%
0%
PL
Honolulu
Kailua
Lualualei
968
968
967
22%
22%
20%
Shenandoah
Sioux City
516
511
-14%
5%
Bedford
Boston
017 15%
021-022 37%
Greeley 806 5% Mililani Town 967 20% Spencer 513 -7% Brockton 023-024 20%
King Salmon 996 23% Longmont 805 2% Pearl City 967 20% Waterloo 507 -3% Cape Cod 026 4%
Pagosa Springs 811 -4% Chicopee 010 7%
Arizona Average -4% Pueblo 810 0% Wahiawa 967 20%
Chambers 865 -8% Waianae 967 20% Kansas Average 0% Dedham 019 18%
Salida 812 -6% Colby 677 -8% Fitchburg 014 11%
Douglas 855 -8% Wailuku (Maui) 967 20%
Flagstaff 860 -7% Concordia 669 -12% Hingham 020 19%
Connecticut Average 8% Dodge City 678 -4%
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Kingman 864 -5% Idaho Average -9% Lawrence 018 14%
Bridgeport 066 6% Emporia 668 8% Nantucket 025 9%
Mesa 852 3% Bristol 060 12% Boise 837 -5%
Phoenix 850 3% Coeur d’Alene 838 -10% Fort Scott 667 -6% New Bedford 027 6%
Fairfield 064 9% Hays 676 -13% Northfield 013 2%
Prescott 863 -6% Hartford 061 11% Idaho Falls 834 -9% Hutchinson 675 -6%
Show Low 859 -7% Lewiston 835 -11% Pittsfield 012 1%
New Haven 065 7% Independence 673 29%
Tucson 856-857 -5% Norwich 063 3% Meridian 836 -9% Springfield 011 8%
Kansas City 660-662 5%
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Yuma 853 2% Stamford 068-069 12% Pocatello 832 -10% Liberal 679 14%
Waterbury 067 6% Sun Valley 833 -8% Salina 674 -7% Michigan Average 1%
Arkansas Average -7% West Hartford 062 5% Topeka 664-666 -1% Battle Creek 490-491 -1%
Batesville 725 -9% Illinois Average 4% Wichita 670-672 -4% Detroit 481-482 7%
Camden 717 -2% Delaware Average 2% Arlington Heights 600 14% Flint 484-485 -4%
Fayetteville 727 -4% Dover 199 -4% Aurora 605 14% Kentucky Average -4% Grand Rapids 493-495 1%
Fort Smith 729 -7% Newark 197 6% Belleville 622 0% Ashland 411-412 -4% Grayling 497 -7%
Harrison 726 -12% Wilmington 198 4% Bloomington 617 -1% Bowling Green 421 -5% Jackson 492 -1%
Hope 718 -8% Carbondale 629 -4% Campton 413-414 -11% Lansing 488-489 0%
Hot Springs 719 -13% District of Columbia Carol Stream 601 14% Covington 410 2% Marquette 498-499 3%
Jonesboro 724 -9% Centralia 628 -3% Elizabethtown 427 -10% Pontiac 483 12%
Little Rock 720-722 -3% Average 12%
Washington 200-205 12% Champaign 618 -2% Frankfort 406 7% Royal Oak 480 7%
Pine Bluff 716 -11% Chicago 606-608 15% Hazard 417-418 -10% Saginaw 486-487 -5%
Russellville 728 -4% Decatur 623 -7% Hopkinsville 422 -5% Traverse City 496 -2%
West Memphis 723 -2% Florida Average -5% Galesburg 614 -4%
Altamonte Springs 327 -3% Lexington 403-405 1%
Granite City 620 3% London 407-409 -7% Minnesota Average -1%
Bradenton 342 -6% Green River 612 5%
California Average 9% Brooksville 346 -7% Louisville 400-402 2% Bemidji 566 -6%
Alhambra 917-918 8% Daytona Beach 321 -9% Joliet 604 13% Owensboro 423 -4% Brainerd 564 -3%
Bakersfield 932-933 2% Fort Lauderdale 333 2% Kankakee 609 -3% Paducah 420 0% Duluth 556-558 2%
El Centro 922 0% Fort Myers 339 -6% Lawrenceville 624 -6% Pikeville 415-416 -8% Fergus Falls 565 -10%
Eureka 955 7% Fort Pierce 349 -10% Oak Park 603 18% Somerset 425-426 -11%
Peoria 615-616 6% Magnolia 561 -8%
Fresno 936-938 -2% Gainesville 326 -9% White Plains 424 -4% Mankato 560 -4%
Herlong 961 9% Jacksonville 322 -2% Peru 613 2% Minneapolis
Quincy 602 16% 553-555 13%
Inglewood 902-905 9% Lakeland 338 -8% Louisiana Average 2% Rochester 559 -1%
Irvine 926-927 13% Melbourne 329 -8% Rockford 610-611 3% Alexandria 713-714 4%
Springfield 625-627 0% St Cloud 563 2%
Lompoc 934 3% Miami 330-332 1% Baton Rouge 707-708 10% St Paul 550-551 12%
Long Beach 907-908 9% Naples 341 -2% Urbana 619 -4% Houma 703 4%
Los Angeles 900-901 8% Thief River Falls 567 -2%
Ocala 344 -12% Lafayette 705 8% Willmar 562 -6%
Marysville 959 9% Orlando 328 1% Indiana Average -3% Lake Charles 706 13%
Modesto 953 1% Panama City 324 -11% Aurora 470 -5% Mandeville 704 -3%
Mojave 935 5% Pensacola 325 -8% Bloomington 474 -2% Minden 710 -5% Mississippi Average -6%
Novato 949 18% Saint Augustine 320 -2% Columbus 472 -4% Monroe 712 -8% Clarksdale 386 -9%
Oakland 945-947 24% Saint Cloud 347 -2% Elkhart 465 -4% New Orleans 700-701 2% Columbus 397 0%
Orange 928 12% St Petersburg 337 -6% Evansville 476-477 4% Shreveport 711 -4% Greenville 387 -14%
Oxnard 930 2% Tallahassee 323 -6% Fort Wayne 467-468 -1% Greenwood 389 -10%
Pasadena 910-912 9% Tampa 335-336 -1% Gary 463-464 8% Maine Average -5% Gulfport 395 -6%
Rancho Cordova 956-957 4% West Palm Beach 334 -2% Indianapolis 460-462 4% Auburn 042 -4% Jackson 390-392 -3%
Redding 960 -3% Jasper 475 -8% Augusta 043 -5% Laurel 394 -7%
Richmond 948 17% Georgia Average -4% Jeffersonville 471 -5% Bangor 044 -6% McComb 396 -11%
Riverside 925 4% Albany 317 -6% Kokomo 469 -8% Bath 045 -6% Meridian 393 3%
Sacramento 958 3% Athens 306 -5% Lafayette 479 -5% Brunswick 039-040 -1% Tupelo 388 -7%
7
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Area Modification Factors

Missouri Average -3% Binghamton 137-139 -2% Oregon Average -3% Arlington 760 1% Lewisburg 249 -14%
Cape Girardeau 637 -5% Bronx 104 10% Adrian 979 -12% Austin 786-787 12% Martinsburg 254 -5%
Caruthersville 638 -7% Brooklyn 112 7% Bend 977 -5% Bay City 774 39% Morgantown 265 -4%
Chillicothe 646 -4% Buffalo 142 1% Eugene 974 -3% Beaumont 776-777 18% New Martinsville 262 -9%
Columbia 652 -4% Elmira 149 -3% Grants Pass 975 -5% Brownwood 768 -8% Parkersburg 261 1%
East Lynne 647 4% Flushing 113 15% Klamath Falls 976 -8% Bryan 778 8% Romney 267 -7%
Farmington 636 -8% Garden City 115 15% Pendleton 978 -3% Childress 792 -14% Sugar Grove 268 -8%
Hannibal 634 -2% Hicksville 118 14% Portland 970-972 10% Corpus Christi 783-784 18% Wheeling 260 5%
Independence 640 5% Ithaca 148 -5% Salem 973 -2% Dallas 751-753 6%
Jefferson City 650-651 -5% Jamaica 114 14% Del Rio 788 0% Wisconsin Average 0%
Joplin 648 -6% Jamestown 147 -7% Pennsylvania Average -1% El Paso 798-799 -7% Amery 540 -1%
Kansas City 641 6% Kingston 124 -4% Allentown 181 3% Fort Worth 761-762 2% Beloit 535 5%
Kirksville 635 -15% Long Island 111 30% Altoona 166 -8% Galveston 775 24% Clam Lake 545 -8%
Knob Noster 653 3% Montauk 119 7% Beaver Springs 178 -5% Giddings 789 6% Eau Claire 547 -2%
Lebanon 654-655 -12% New York Bethlehem 180 4% Greenville 754 3% Green Bay 541-543 3%
Poplar Bluff 639 -10% (Manhattan) 100-102 31% Bradford 167 -8% Houston 770-772 26% La Crosse 546 0%
Saint Charles 633 1% New York City 100-102 31% Butler 160 -2% Huntsville 773 26% Ladysmith 548 -2%
Saint Joseph 644-645 -1% Newcomb 128 0% Chambersburg 172 -7% Longview 756 1% Madison 537 8%
Springfield 656-658 -8% Niagara Falls 143 -6% Clearfield 168 -3% Lubbock 793-794 -7% Milwaukee 530-534 6%
St Louis 630-631 8% Plattsburgh 129 -1% DuBois 158 -10% Lufkin 759 8% Oshkosh 549 4%
Poughkeepsie 125-126 1% McAllen 785 -6% Portage 539 0%
East Stroudsburg 183 -5% Prairie du Chien 538 -7%
Montana Average -3% Queens 110 17% Erie 164-165 -6% Midland 797 10%
Rochester 144-146 2% Palestine 758 2% Wausau 544 -3%
Billings 590-591 -2% Genesee 169 -4%
Butte 597 -3% Rockaway 116 10% Greensburg 156 -4% Plano 750 7%
Fairview 592 12% Rome 133-134 -4% Harrisburg 170-171 3% San Angelo 769 -6% Wyoming Average -1%
Great Falls 594 -6% Staten Island 103 8% Hazleton 182 -3% San Antonio 780-782 8% Casper 826 1%
Havre 595 -9% Stewart 127 -5% Johnstown 159 -9% Texarkana 755 -8% Cheyenne/
Helena 596 -2% Syracuse 130-132 2% Kittanning 162 -6% Tyler 757 -7% Laramie 820 -2%
Kalispell 599 -6% Tonawanda 141 -1% Victoria 779 12% Gillette 827 3%
Lancaster 175-176 -1% Powell 824 -3%
Miles City 593 -7% Utica 135 -6% Meadville 163 -9% Waco 765-767 -3%
Watertown 136 -1% Wichita Falls 763 -9% Rawlins 823 8%
Missoula 598 -6% Montrose 188 -4% Riverton 825 -6%
West Point 109 6% New Castle 161 -3% Woodson 764 -3%
White Plains 105-108 14% Rock Springs 829-831 1%
Nebraska Average -8% Philadelphia 190-191 11% Sheridan 828 -3%
Alliance 693 -10% Pittsburgh 152 6% Utah Average -3%

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North Carolina Average -4% Wheatland 822 -3%
Columbus 686 -7% Pottsville 179 -8% Clearfield 840 0%
Grand Island 688 -8% Asheville 287-289 -7% Punxsutawney 157 -3% Green River 845 -3%
Charlotte 280-282 7% UNITED STATES
Hastings 689 -9% Reading 195-196 2% Ogden 843-844 -9%
Lincoln 683-685 -4% Durham 277 0% Scranton 184-185 1% Provo 846-847 -6% TERRITORIES
McCook 690 -9% Elizabeth City 279 -8% Somerset 155 -9% Salt Lake City 841 1% Guam 18%
Norfolk
North Platte
687
691
-10%
-6%
Fayetteville
Goldsboro
283
275
-6%
0%
PL
Southeastern
Uniontown
193
154
8%
-6% Vermont Average -5%
Puerto Rico -21%

Omaha 680-681 0% Greensboro 274 -3% Valley Forge 194 11% VIRGIN ISLANDS (U.S.)
Hickory 286 -8% Albany 058 -7% St. Croix 2%
Valentine 692 -15% Warminster 189 11% Battleboro 053 -4%
Kinston 285 -9% Warrendale 150-151 5% St. John 20%
Raleigh 276 3% Beecher Falls 059 -8% St. Thomas 5%
Nevada Average 1% Washington 153 8% Bennington 052 -6%
Rocky Mount 278 -7% Wilkes Barre 186-187 -1%
Carson City 897 -4% Wilmington 284 -6% Burlington 054 4% CANADIAN AREA
Elko 898 9% Williamsport 177 -2% Montpelier 056 -4%
Winston-Salem 270-273 -5% York 173-174 -1% MODIFIERS
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Ely 893 -3% Rutland 057 -7%
Fallon 894 0% Springfield 051 -6% These figures assume an
Las Vegas 889-891 3% North Dakota Average 4% Rhode Island Average 5% White River exchange rate of $1.00
Reno 895 -1% Bismarck 585 3% Bristol 028 5% Junction 050 -5% Canadian to $.76 U.S.
Dickinson 586 15% Coventry 028 5%
Fargo 580-581 0% Cranston 029 6% Alberta Average 13%
New Hampshire Average -1% Grand Forks 582 -1% Virginia Average -4%
Davisville 028 5% Calgary 14%
SA

Charlestown 036 -5% Jamestown 584 -4% Abingdon 242 -9%

Concord 034 -3% Narragansett 028 5% Edmonton 14%
Minot 587 9% Alexandria 220-223 10% Fort McMurray 12%
Dover 038 1% Newport 028 5% Charlottesville 229 -6%
Nekoma 583 -10% Providence 029 6%
Lebanon 037 -3% Williston 588 21% Chesapeake 233 -4%
Littleton 035 -6% Warwick 028 5% Culpeper 227 -5% British Columbia
Manchester 032-033 2% Farmville 239 -12% Average 7%
New Boston 030-031 3% Ohio Average 0% South Carolina Average -1% Fredericksburg 224-225 -5% Fraser Valley 6%
Akron 442-443 1% Aiken 298 4% Okanagan 6%
Canton 446-447 -2% Galax 243 -10%
New Jersey Average 9% Beaufort 299 -2% Harrisonburg 228 -6% Vancouver 9%
Chillicothe 456 -2% Charleston 294 -1%
Atlantic City 080-084 4% Cincinnati 450-452 3% Lynchburg 245 -9%
Brick 087 2% Columbia 290-292 -2% Norfolk 235-237 -2% Manitoba Average 0%
Cleveland 440-441 3% Greenville 296 8% North Manitoba 0%
Dover 078 9% Columbus 432 5% Petersburg 238 -3%
Edison 088-089 13% Myrtle Beach 295 -8% Radford 241 -9% Selkirk 0%
Dayton 453-455 1% Rock Hill 297 -6% South Manitoba 0%
Hackensack 076 10% Lima 458 -5% Reston 201 7%
Monmouth 077 12% Spartanburg 293 -4% Richmond 232 2% Winnipeg 0%
Marietta 457 -5%
Newark 071-073 11% Marion 433 -6% Roanoke 240 -9%
Passaic 070 12% South Dakota Average -6% Staunton 244 -7% New Brunswick
Newark 430-431 3%
Paterson 074-075 7% Sandusky 448-449 -3% Aberdeen 574 -7% Tazewell 246 -6% Average -13%
Princeton 085 10% Steubenville 439 1% Mitchell 573 -6% Virginia Beach 234 -3% Moncton -13%
Summit 079 16% Toledo 434-436 7% Mobridge 576 -9% Williamsburg 230-231 -3% Newfoundland/Labrador -3%
Trenton 086 7% Warren 444 -5% Pierre 575 -10% Winchester 226 4%
Youngstown 445 -3% Rapid City 577 -8% Nova Scotia Average -8%
New Mexico Average -8% Zanesville 437-438 -1% Sioux Falls 570-571 -1% Washington Average 0% Amherst -8%
Alamogordo 883 -11% Watertown 572 -4% Clarkston 994 -8% Nova Scotia -7%
Albuquerque 870-871 -3% Oklahoma Average -5% Everett 982 2% Sydney -8%
Clovis 881 -11% Tennessee Average -2% Olympia 985 -2%
Adams 739 -10%
Farmington 874 -1% Ardmore 734 -1% Chattanooga 374 2% Pasco 993 1% Ontario Average 7%
Fort Sumner 882 -2% Clinton 736 -3% Clarksville 370 1% Seattle 980-981 11% London 7%
Gallup 873 -7% Durant 747 -11% Cleveland 373 -1% Spokane 990-992 -3% Thunder Bay 6%
Holman 877 -10% Enid 737 -4% Columbia 384 -7% Tacoma 983-984 2% Toronto 7%
Las Cruces 880 -8% Lawton 735 -8% Cookeville 385 -8% Vancouver 986 3%
Santa Fe 875 -8% McAlester 745 -7% Jackson 383 -2% Wenatchee 988 -6% Quebec Average -1%
Socorro 878 -14% Muskogee 744 -8% Kingsport 376 -5% Yakima 989 -5% Montreal -1%
Truth or Norman 730 -4% Knoxville 377-379 -2% Quebec City -1%
Consequences 879 -8% Oklahoma City 731 -3% McKenzie 382 -8% West Virginia Average -5%
Tucumcari 884 -8% Ponca City 746 -1% Memphis 380-381 1% Beckley 258-259 -5% Saskatchewan
Poteau 749 -7% Nashville 371-372 2% Bluefield 247-248 0% Average 4%
New York Average 6% Pryor 743 -6% Charleston 250-253 4% La Ronge 3%
Albany 120-123 7% Shawnee 748 -8% Texas Average 5% Clarksburg 263-264 -7% Prince Albert 2%
Amityville 117 9% Tulsa 740-741 0% Abilene 795-796 -2% Fairmont 266 -11% Saskatoon 5%
Batavia 140 1% Woodward 738 5% Amarillo 790-791 -2% Huntington 255-257 -4%

8
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Building Cost Historical Index

Use this table to find the approximate current dollar building cost when the actual cost is known for any year since
1953. Multiply the figure listed below for the building type and year of construction by the known cost. The result is the
estimated 2020 construction cost.
Masonry Concrete Steel Wood-Frame Agricultural Year of
Year Buildings Buildings Buildings Buildings Buildings Construction
1953 14.73 15.58 15.68 13.22 12.20 1953
1954 14.45 15.02 15.68 13.22 12.20 1954
1955 13.86 14.33 14.85 12.52 11.67 1955
1956 13.15 13.70 13.67 11.99 11.18 1956
1957 12.77 13.18 13.13 11.91 10.91 1957
1958 12.41 12.69 12.49 11.88 13.01 1958
1959 12.02 12.29 12.20 11.37 10.43 1959
1960 11.74 12.06 12.00 11.20 10.22 1960
1961 11.50 12.01 11.80 11.00 10.19 1961
1962 11.25 11.66 11.51 10.87 10.04 1962
1963 11.08 11.36 11.38 10.66 9.10 1963
1964 10.75 11.22 11.22 10.30 9.56 1964
1965 10.41 10.93 10.83 10.08 9.30 1965
1966 9.94 10.62 10.42 9.64 9.04 1966
1967 9.71 10.11 9.74 9.17 8.68 1967
1968 9.31 9.55 9.30 8.67 8.30 1968
1969 8.79 9.13 8.99 8.34 7.83 1969
1970 8.44 8.73 8.53 7.93 7.44 1970
1971 7.92 7.99 7.92 6.83 6.93 1971
1972 7.36 7.40 7.41 6.85 6.45 1972

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1973 6.72 7.01 6.57 6.32 6.06 1973
1974 5.98 6.43 6.17 5.91 5.62 1974
1975 5.44 5.68 5.55 5.56 5.01 1975
1976 5.10 5.41 5.27 5.35 4.75 1976
1977
1978
4.75
4.42
5.07
4.75
PL 5.00
4.60
4.97
4.57
4.46
4.04
1977
1978
1979 4.06 4.22 4.13 4.19 3.83 1979
1980 3.68 3.84 3.68 3.75 3.46 1980
1981 3.46 3.62 3.37 3.58 3.24 1981
1982 3.35 3.46 3.27 3.47 3.12 1982
1983 3.20 3.35 3.20 3.31 2.94 1983
M
1984 2.99 3.15 3.06 3.05 2.86 1984
1985 2.91 2.99 2.97 2.96 2.81 1985
1986 2.83 2.97 2.92 2.92 2.75 1986
1987 2.82 2.91 2.89 2.86 2.73 1987
1988 2.76 2.80 2.83 2.83 2.68 1988
SA

1989 2.70 2.75 2.70 2.78 2.60 1989

1990 2.54 2.64 2.56 2.58 2.48 1990
1991 2.75 2.60 2.43 2.44 2.35 1991
1992 2.46 2.57 2.40 2.43 2.33 1992
1993 2.40 2.54 2.32 2.40 2.29 1993
1994 2.34 2.37 2.23 2.31 2.13 1994
1995 2.22 2.17 2.06 2.17 2.01 1995
1996 2.14 2.13 2.01 2.12 1.97 1996
1997 2.07 2.07 1.93 2.08 1.92 1997
1998 1.97 1.97 1.85 1.99 1.90 1998
1999 1.90 1.90 1.81 1.96 1.87 1999
2000 1.85 1.85 1.74 1.89 1.81 2000
2001 1.79 1.79 1.71 1.82 1.76 2001
2002 1.74 1.74 1.66 1.80 1.72 2002
2003 1.72 1.72 1.62 1.79 1.69 2003
2004 1.65 1.65 1.58 1.74 1.64 2004
2005 1.53 1.53 1.41 1.56 1.61 2005
2006 1.44 1.44 1.31 1.40 1.44 2006
2007 1.39 1.39 1.24 1.30 1.33 2007
2008 1.31 1.31 1.18 1.24 1.26 2008
2009 1.30 1.30 1.14 1.24 1.26 2009
2010 1.27 1.27 1.07 1.23 1.25 2010
2011 1.28 1.28 1.11 1.25 1.29 2011
2012 1.27 1.27 0.99 1.21 1.26 2012
2013 1.21 1.21 1.05 1.15 1.18 2013
2014 1.20 1.20 1.04 1.13 1.17 2014
2015 1.19 1.19 1.03 1.12 1.16 2015
2016 1.17 1.17 1.13 1.13 1.13 2016
2017 1.14 1.14 1.15 1.14 1.13 2017
2018 1.08 1.08 1.00 1.04 1.06 2018
2019 1.02 1.02 1.04 0.99 1.01 2019
2020 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2020
9
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Residential Structures Section

The figures in this section include all costs and materials including supervision. All design and
associated with normal construction: engineering fees, if necessary. Permits and fees. Utility
Foundations as required for normal soil conditions. hook-ups. Contractors’ contingency, overhead and profit.
Excavation for foundations, piers, and other foundation
components given a fairly level construction site. Floor, The square foot costs do not include heating and
wall, and roof structures. Interior floor, wall, and ceiling cooling equipment or the items listed in the section
finishes. Exterior wall finish and roof cover. Interior “Additional Costs for Residential Structures” which
partitions as described in the quality class. Finish appear on pages 27 to 31. The costs of the following
carpentry, doors, windows, trim, etc. Electric wiring and should be figured separately and added to the basic
fixtures. Rough and finish plumbing as described in structure cost: porches, basements, balconies, exterior
applicable building specifications. Built-in appliances as stairways, built-in equipment beyond that listed in the
described in applicable building specifications. All labor quality classifications, garages and carports.

Single Family Residences

Single family residences vary widely in quality and the hallway. The illustration at the right below represents a
quality of construction is the most significant factor residence with two building masses. Most Class 1 and
influencing cost. Residences are listed in six quality Class 2 residences have from one to four building
classes. Class 1 is the most expensive commonly masses, ignoring any attached garage. For convenience,
encountered and Class 6 is the minimum required under cost tables for Class 1 and 2 single family residences

E
most building codes. Nearly all homes built from stock with one, two, three or four building masses have been
plans or offered to the public by residential tract appended to cost tables for Class 3, 4, 5 and 6
developers will fall into Class 3, 4, 5, or 6. For residences with 4, 6, 8 and 10 building corners.
PL
convenience, these classes are labeled Best Standard,
Residences on larger lots often include a separate
Good Standard, Average Standard or Minimum Standard.
Class 1 residences are labeled Luxury. Class 2 housekeeping unit, either remote from the main structure
residences are labeled Semi-Luxury. Class 1 and 2 (as illustrated below at the right) or joined to the main
residences are designed by professional architects, structure by a hallway (no common wall). Evaluate any
usually to meet preferences of the first owner. separate housekeeping unit as a separate residence.
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The quality class of separate housekeeping units will
The shape of the outside perimeter also has a significant
usually be the same as the main residence if designed
influence on cost. The more complex the shape, the
and built at the same time as the main residence.
more expensive the structure per square foot of floor.
Residences which have features of two or more quality
SA

The shape classification of multiple story or split-level

homes should be based on the outline formed by the classes can be placed between two of the six labeled
outer-most exterior walls, including the garage area, classes. The tables have five half-classes (1 & 2, 2 & 3,
regardless of the story level. Most residences that fall etc.) which can be applied to residences with some
into Classes 3, 4, 5 or 6 have 4, 6, 8 or 10 corners, as characteristics of two or more quality classes. If a portion
illustrated below. Small insets that do not require a of a residence differs significantly in quality from other
change in the roof line can be ignored when evaluating portions, evaluate the square footage of each portion
the outside perimeter. separately.
Class 1 and 2 (Luxury and Semi-Luxury) residences These figures can be applied to nearly all single-family
have more than ten corners and are best evaluated by residences built using conventional methods and readily
counting the “building masses.” A building mass is available materials, including the relatively small number
a group of contiguous rooms on one or more levels of highly decorative, starkly original or exceptionally well-
with access at varying angles from a common point or appointed residences.

4 corners 6 corners 8 corners 10 corners 2 building masses and one separate unit

10 Residential Structures Section

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Single Family Residences

Quality Classification
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 6
Luxury Semi-Luxury Best Std. Good Std. Average Std. Minimum Std.
Foundation Reinforced Reinforced Reinforced Reinforced concrete Reinforced concrete Reinforced concrete.
(9% of total cost) concrete. concrete. concrete. or concrete block. or concrete block.
Floor Engineered Engineered Engineered Wood frame or Standard wood Slab on grade.
Structure wood or steel wood or steel wood or steel slab on grade, frame or slab No changes
(12% of total cost) exceeding code or reinforced or reinforced changes in shape on grade with in elevation.
minimums. concrete slab. concrete slab. and elevation. elevation changes.
Wall Framing Wood or steel, Wood or steel, Wood or steel, Wood or steel, Wood or steel, Wood or steel,
and Exterior very irregular walls, irregular shape, several wall offsets, stucco or wood stucco or wood stucco or hardboard
Finish stone veneer, masonry veneer, wood or masonry siding, some trim siding, few offsets, siding, minimum
(14% of total cost) many architectural better grade doors accents, good grade or veneer, average commodity grade grade doors and
doors and windows. and windows. doors and windows. doors and windows. doors and windows. windows.
Roof Complex plan, tile, Multi-level, slate, Multi-pitch, shake, Wood trusses, tile Wood frame, shingle Wood frame,
(10% of total cost) slate or metal, tile or flat surface, tile or flat surface, or good shingles, or built-up cover, composition shingle
highly detailed. decorative details. large closed soffit. closed soffit. open 24" soffit. cover, open soffit.
Floor Finish Terrazzo, marble, Marble or granite Simulated marble Better sheet vinyl Good sheet vinyl Composition tile
(5% of total cost) granite, or inlaid entry, hardwood, tile entry, good and average carpet, and standard carpet, or minimum grade
hardwood or best good carpet or sheet carpet, hardwood some areas with small area with sheet vinyl.
carpet throughout. vinyl elsewhere. or vinyl elsewhere. masonry or tile. tile or hardwood.
Interior Wall Plaster or gypsum Plaster on gypsum Gypsum wallboard 1/2" gypsum 1/2" gypsum 1/2" gypsum

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and Ceiling wallboard with or metal lath or 2 with putty or texture wallboard with wallboard with wallboard, smooth
Finish artistic finish, layers of 5/8" coat finish, some textured finish, textured finish, or orange peel
(8% of total cost) many offsets and gypsum wallboard, irregular walls, several irregular most walls are finish. Nearly all
wall openings, decorative details, decorative details walls and wall rectangular, doors walls are regular,
decorative details many irregular
PL in living room, entry openings, some. and windows are no decorative
in nearly all rooms. wall openings. and kitchen. decorative details. the only openings. details.
Interior Exposed beams or Great room has Cathedral ceiling 8' or 9' ceiling 8' or 9' ceiling Drop ceiling in
Detail decorative ceiling, 12' to 16' ceiling, at entry, one or throughout, walk- throughout, sliding kitchen, other
(5% of total cost) 12' to 16' ceiling most rooms have more floor level in closet in master mirrored closet rooms have 7'6"
in great room, windows on two changes, several bedroom, separate doors, standard to 8' ceiling,
M
many sky widows, sides, formal dining wall openings or dining area, some grade molding and minimum grade
built-in shelving area, several framed pass-throughs, decorative wood trim, breakfast bar molding and trim.
and alcoves for art. openings. formal dining area. trim. or nook.
Bath Custom large tile Large tile showers, Tile or fiberglass Good plastic tub and Average plastic tub Minimum plastic
SA

Detail showers, separate at least one bathtub, shower, at least one shower in at least one and shower in at tub and shower in
(4% of total cost) elevated spa in glass block or large built-in bathtub, bathroom, one small least one bathroom. one bathroom.
master bathroom. window by each bath. window in bathroom. window in each bath.
Kitchen Over 30 LF of Over 25 LF of Over 20 LF of good Over 15 LF of stock Over 10 LF of stock Less than 10
Detail deluxe wall and good custom base stock wall and base standard grade wall standard grade wall LF of low-cost
(8% of total cost) base cabinets, and wall cabinets, cabinets, tile or and base cabinets, and base cabinets, wall and base
stone counter top, synthetic stone acrylic counter top, low-cost tile or low-cost acrylic or cabinets, laminated
island work area, counter top, desk desk and breakfast acrylic counter top, laminated plastic plastic counter top,
breakfast bar. and breakfast bar. bar or nook. breakfast nook. counter top. space for table.
Plumbing 4 deluxe fixtures 4 good fixtures 3 good fixtures 3 standard fixtures 3 standard fixtures 3 minimum
(12% of total cost) per bathroom, per bathroom, per bathroom, per bathroom, per bathroom, fixtures per
more bathrooms more bathrooms as many bathrooms less bathrooms less bathrooms bathroom,
than bedrooms. than bedrooms. as bedrooms. than bedrooms. than bedrooms. 2 bathrooms.
Special 10 luxury built-in 8 good built-in 6 good built-in 5 standard built-in 4 standard grade 4 minimum
Features appliances, wet appliances, wet appliances, walk-in appliances, sliding kitchen appliances. grade kitchen.
(3% of total cost) bar, home theater, bar, walk-in pantry, pantry, wet bar, glass or French doors, appliances.
pantry, wine cellar. central vacuum. central vacuum. laundry room.
Electrical Over 100 recessed 80 to 100 recessed Ample recessed Limited recessed 12 lighting fixtures, 10 or less lighting
System or track lights, lighting fixtures. lighting on dimmers, lighting on dimmers, switch-operated fixtures, switch-
(10% of total cost) security system, security system, computer network, multiple TV outlets. duplex plug outlets operated plug outlets
computer network. computer network. multiple TV outlets. in bedrooms. in most rooms.
If Exterior Reinforced split Reinforced block Textured or coated Colored or coated Colored concrete Painted concrete
Walls are face concrete or brick with concrete block concrete block block or painted block or common-
Masonry block or brick with masonry veneer or good quality or good quality common brick. brick.
face brick veneer. or stucco coat. detailed brick. brick.
Note: Use the percent of total cost to help identify the correct quality classification.

Residential Structures Section 11

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Single Family Residences

4 Corners (Classes 3, 4, 5 and 6) or

One Building Mass (Classes 1 and 2 Only)
Estimating Procedure
1. Establish the structure quality class by applying the information on page 11.
2. Multiply the structure floor area (excluding the garage) by the appropriate square foot cost below.
3. Multiply the total from step 2 by the correct location factor listed on page 7 or 8.
4. Add, when appropriate, the cost of a porch, garage, heating and cooling equipment, basement, fireplace, carport,
appliances and plumbing fixtures beyond that listed in the quality classification. See the cost of these items on pages 27
to 31.

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Single Family Residence, Class 4 Single Family Residence, Class 6
PL
Square Foot Area
Quality Class 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 2,000
1, Luxury 528.70 506.57 488.28 472.49 460.20 449.23 439.51 430.76 424.23 417.81 411.96 407.00 397.74
1, & 2 459.74 440.50 424.60 410.87 400.20 390.57 382.19 374.57 368.89 363.34 358.16 353.85 345.84
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2, Semi-Luxury 321.30 307.87 296.75 287.15 279.69 273.03 267.14 261.83 257.83 253.81 250.36 247.37 241.66
2&3 235.84 226.01 217.83 210.83 205.34 200.41 196.07 192.18 189.22 186.36 183.72 181.60 177.43
3, Best Std. 205.81 197.25 190.08 183.99 179.10 174.87 171.12 167.73 165.15 162.65 160.37 158.42 154.82
3&4 176.01 168.54 162.50 157.32 153.13 149.50 146.31 143.34 141.20 138.93 137.13 135.44 132.41
SA

4, Good Std. 151.65 145.19 140.03 135.52 132.00 128.86 126.02 123.50 121.57 119.77 118.11 116.57 114.06
4&5 136.59 130.85 126.18 122.08 118.87 115.98 113.46 111.31 109.56 107.88 106.41 105.13 102.66
5 Avg. Std. 122.93 117.85 113.58 109.95 107.12 104.52 102.24 100.14 98.62 97.12 95.77 94.65 92.47
5&6 106.74 102.28 98.60 95.44 92.91 90.69 88.71 86.89 85.63 84.28 83.26 82.14 80.27
6, Min. Std. 97.04 92.95 89.61 86.73 84.47 82.43 80.66 79.04 77.83 76.61 75.63 74.64 72.93

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200 3,400 3,600 4,000 4,200 4,400 4,600 5,000+
1, Luxury 390.80 384.25 378.97 374.25 370.91 367.80 364.44 361.99 356.89 353.65 350.83 348.39 344.89
1, & 2 339.93 334.14 329.53 325.43 322.51 319.83 316.90 314.76 310.36 307.52 305.07 302.94 299.91
2, Semi-Luxury 237.66 233.52 230.34 227.46 225.39 223.47 221.44 219.98 216.89 214.92 213.19 211.73 209.61
2&3 174.36 171.44 169.09 166.99 165.42 163.99 162.59 161.47 159.23 157.79 156.51 155.42 153.87
3, Best Std. 152.17 149.57 147.49 145.73 144.41 143.19 141.86 140.88 138.92 138.93 137.82 136.85 135.50
3&4 130.11 127.91 126.17 124.63 123.45 122.35 121.36 120.51 118.82 117.76 116.80 115.99 114.82
4, Good Std. 112.10 110.17 108.72 107.30 106.41 105.45 104.55 103.73 102.34 101.43 100.57 99.89 98.89
4&5 100.94 99.31 97.79 96.68 95.76 95.02 94.05 93.50 92.22 91.38 90.68 90.03 89.14
5 Avg. Std. 90.91 89.41 88.19 86.98 86.28 85.53 84.74 84.17 83.02 81.82 81.62 81.06 80.27
5&6 78.92 77.61 76.51 75.54 74.93 74.18 73.51 72.98 72.07 71.33 70.86 70.32 69.68
6, Min. Std. 71.64 70.50 69.56 68.74 68.09 67.47 66.88 66.39 65.49 64.82 64.40 63.92 63.31

Note: Tract work and highly repetitive jobs may reduce the cost 8 to 12%. Add 4% to the square foot cost of floors above the
second floor level. Work outside metropolitan areas may cost 2 to 6% less. When the exterior walls are masonry, add 9 to
10% for class 2 and 1 structures and 5 to 8% for class 3, 4, 5 and 6 structures. The building area includes all full story (7'6" to
9' high) areas within and including the exterior walls of all floor areas of the building, including small inset areas such as
entrances outside the exterior wall but under the main roof. For areas with a ceiling height of less than 80", see the section on
half-story areas on page 30.

12 Residential Structures Section

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Single Family Residences

10 Corners (Classes 3, 4, 5 and 6) or

Four Building Masses (Classes 1 and 2 only)

Estimating Procedure
1. Establish the structure quality class by applying the information on page 11.
2. Multiply the structure floor area (excluding the garage) by the appropriate square foot cost below.
3. Multiply the total from step 2 by the correct location factor listed on page 7 or 8.
4. Add, when appropriate, the cost of a porch, garage, heating and cooling equipment, basement, fireplace, carport,
appliances and plumbing fixtures beyond that listed in the quality classification. See the cost of these items on pages 27
to 31.

E
Single Family Residence, Class 2 & 3 Single Family Residence, Class 1
PL
Square Foot Area
Quality Class 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 2,000
1, Luxury 561.30 537.83 518.39 503.09 488.61 477.29 467.95 460.03 452.32 445.95 440.35 435.24 426.11
M
1, & 2 488.11 467.79 450.81 437.49 424.88 415.07 406.89 400.04 393.31 388.26 382.98 378.50 370.55
2, Semi-Luxury 338.19 324.78 313.85 304.26 296.95 290.08 284.40 279.57 274.90 271.01 267.63 264.47 258.93
2&3 248.27 238.45 230.40 223.41 217.95 212.91 208.71 205.17 201.79 198.85 196.44 194.12 190.09
3, Best Std. 216.65 208.03 201.04 194.90 190.18 185.84 182.16 179.06 176.11 173.59 171.44 169.45 165.86
3&4 185.24 177.75 171.92 166.65 162.65 158.82 155.76 153.07 150.50 148.41 146.54 144.89 141.86
SA

4, Good Std. 159.63 153.26 148.21 143.59 140.04 136.87 134.15 131.97 129.68 127.91 126.29 124.77 122.21
4&5 143.77 138.03 133.46 129.35 126.21 123.31 120.87 118.84 116.86 115.25 113.70 112.37 110.10
5 Avg. Std. 129.50 124.22 120.23 116.50 113.66 111.10 108.89 107.02 105.26 103.69 102.55 101.26 99.17
5&6 112.31 107.85 104.25 101.10 98.62 96.36 94.52 92.87 91.29 90.00 88.91 87.77 86.08
6, Min. Std. 102.17 98.03 94.85 91.93 89.65 87.59 85.85 84.45 82.97 81.78 80.82 79.83 78.21
Square Foot Area
Quality Class 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200 3,400 3,600 4,000 4,200 4,400 4,600 5,000+
1, Luxury 419.24 417.40 407.57 402.68 399.16 395.87 392.65 390.08 385.08 381.61 378.55 375.90 372.10
1, & 2 364.59 359.07 354.46 350.12 347.21 344.24 341.49 339.19 334.95 330.98 328.36 326.09 322.86
2, Semi-Luxury 254.76 250.95 247.69 244.76 242.62 240.57 238.64 237.13 234.05 231.96 230.06 228.46 226.17
2&3 187.00 184.17 181.79 179.64 178.04 176.62 175.14 174.00 171.83 165.08 163.79 162.62 161.02
3, Best Std. 163.20 160.78 158.69 156.74 155.37 154.05 152.84 151.85 149.96 148.60 147.41 146.39 144.92
3&4 139.47 137.45 135.66 134.05 132.86 131.71 130.72 129.82 128.10 126.96 125.95 125.06 123.81
4, Good Std. 120.23 118.44 116.99 115.42 114.43 113.48 112.60 112.01 110.44 109.46 108.20 107.08 106.02
4&5 108.34 106.65 105.28 104.00 103.08 102.24 101.44 100.82 99.43 98.54 97.75 97.08 96.09
5 Avg. Std. 97.44 96.05 94.84 93.67 92.80 92.13 91.34 90.83 89.54 88.71 88.01 87.39 86.53
5&6 84.63 83.36 82.24 81.24 80.49 79.92 79.27 78.77 77.74 77.05 76.42 75.89 75.15
6, Min. Std. 76.96 75.75 74.81 73.88 73.23 72.65 72.07 71.60 70.68 70.03 69.47 68.98 68.32

Note: Tract work and highly repetitive jobs may reduce the cost 8 to 12%. Add 4% to the square foot cost of floors above the
second floor level. Work outside metropolitan areas may cost 2 to 6% less. When the exterior walls are masonry, add 9 to
10% for class 2 and 1 structures and 5 to 8% for class 3, 4, 5 and 6 structures. The building area includes all full story (7'6" to
9' high) areas within and including the exterior walls of all floor areas of the building, including small inset areas such as
entrances outside the exterior wall but under the main roof. For areas with a ceiling height of less than 80", see the section on
half-story areas on page 30.

Residential Structures Section 15

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Manufactured Housing

Quality Classification
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5
Best Quality Good Quality Average Quality Low Quality Lowest Quality
Design Indistinguishable from site- Comparable to site-built Clearly manufactured Mobile home design, Poor design, often sold
built construction, good floor construction, good floor housing but with good utilitarian floor plan, unfinished, common
plan and sight lines, superior plan, shelves and alcoves, design and materials, commodity-grade only in Sun Belt states
fit and finish good fit and finish adequate fit and finish materials
Roof Complex roof line, 30-year Decorative roof line, gable Gable accents, 25-year Simple roof line, less than Straight roof line,
(12% of total architectural shingles, roof accents, 25-year shingles, shingles, 4" in 12" pitch, 4" in 12" pitch, small minimum pitch, little or
cost) pitch at least 4" in 12", good 4" in 12" pitch, 12" overhang 8" to 12" overhang front overhang front and back, no overhang, minimum
overhang on all sides, R-38 on all sides, R-33 insulation and back, R-21 insulation R-19 insulation roof cover, R-7
insulation insulation
Exterior Good fiber-cement siding, 9' Painted fiber cement siding, Good foam-backed vinyl Vinyl siding, 8' high, 4" Hardboard or economy
Walls to 10' high, decorative trim, 6" 9' high, some trim, 6" siding, 8' to 9' high, 4" exterior walls, R-11 siding, 7' high, 4"
(18% of total exterior walls, R-19 insulation, exterior walls, R-15 exterior walls, R-13 insulation, 3/8" plywood exterior walls, R-7
cost) 7/16" plywood sheathing insulation, 7/16" OSB insulation, 7/16" OSB sheathing insulation
sheathing sheathing
Doors Two 36" wide insulated steel Two 36" wide insulated steel 36" wide steel front door 36" wide steel front door, 34" or 32" wide
and panel exterior doors, solid core exterior doors, hollow core with deadbolt, hollow core hollow core wood interior aluminum exterior
Windows wood panel interior doors, wood interior doors, good wood interior doors, doors, economy doors, hollow core wood
(9% of total good hardware, large insulated hardware, good insulated average hardware, insulated hardware, smaller dual interior doors, economy
cost) low-E vinyl sash windows, low-E vinyl sash windows, vinyl windows, recessed glazed vinyl windows, 6' hardware, aluminum
recessed entry recessed entry entry sliding bedroom door windows with storm
sash

E
Interior Hardwood paneling or ½" Pre-finished hardwood Pre-finished and grooved Pre-finished fire rated Stapled 3/8" vinyl-
(5% of total gypsum board with good paneling and trim or ½" hardwood, plywood plywood paneling or 3/8" covered wallboard with
cost) workmanship and trim gypsum board in all rooms, paneling or ½" gypsum gypsum board, some battens at seams and
throughout, coffered/ vaulted/beamed, ceiling in board, no exposed exposed fasteners, corners, exposed
vaulted/beamed ceilings,
plank-type acoustical tile,
PL
main rooms, good floor to
ceiling drapes over sheer
fasteners, coordinated
drapes in all rooms except
acoustical tile ceiling,
economy drapes in living
fasteners or holding
strips, unit may have
mirrored walls, built-in buffet underlays in living room and kitchen and baths, one room, dining room, and been sold with interior
cabinets, custom drapes, dining room, several wall vaulted ceiling, acoustic bedrooms, vinyl on finishing incomplete.
skylights, window sills, good mirrors, some acoustic tile, pre-finished wood trim composition molding.
drapes with sheers throughout treatments
Floors Hardwood or ceramic tile 26-30 oz. carpet with 1/2" 22-26 oz. carpet with 1/2" 16- 22 oz. carpet with 5 Glued or stapled foam-
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(8% of total entry, 30-50 oz. carpet, good pad in all rooms except rebond pad in all rooms lb. pad in living, dining backed carpet in living
vinyl in utility and guest bath. guest bath and utility, vinyl in except baths and kitchen, and bedrooms, economy room and bedroom,
cost) Good vinyl or hardwood in kitchen, utility, and guest vinyl in kitchen and baths vinyl sheet or tile in other economy vinyl
kitchen. bath areas elsewhere
SA

Heating 110,000 BTU upflow air- 80,000 to 110,000 BTU 80,000 BTU upflow or Forced air furnace, Forced air furnace,
(7% of total condition-ready forced air upflow or downflow air- downflow forced air fiberglass attic ducting to minimum taped
furnace with exterior access condition-ready furnace with condition-ready furnace, all rooms, under-door fiberglass duct, registers
cost) door, metal ducting to all exterior access door, metal ducting to all rooms, return vents, ready for air at the room center,
rooms, fireplace, dual-zone ducting to all rooms, simulated fireplace conditioning unit. return vents under doors
heating fireplace

Kitchen 18± LF of 25" wide stone or 16± LF of tile or Corian 14± LF of Corian counter, 12± LF laminate counter, 10± LF of 24" wide
(23% of total ceramic counter, 4" splash, counter, 4" splash, quality 2" splash, average quality smaller commodity-grade laminate counter,
luxury cabinets, roller drawers, wood cabinets, dropped wood-face cabinets and cabinets with wood raised plastic-faced MDF
cost) dropped luminous ceiling, luminous ceiling, island work hardware, built-in range panel doors, no lining, cabinets, stapled and
island work space, walk-in space, walk-in pantry, good and oven with hood and built-in range and oven, glued, economy range
pantry, name-brand fixtures, quality fixtures, stainless or fan, pantry cabinet, 7" deep hood and fan, add for and oven, minimum
cast iron sink, wet bar integrated 8" deep sink stainless or porcelain sink dishwasher if present grade sink and fixtures,
add for dishwasher if
present
Baths and 2 to 2¾ baths, 8 fixtures, 2 baths, vent fans, master 2 baths, vent fans, 1¾ baths, fiberglass 1¾ baths, fiberglass
Plumbing master bath with two basins, bath will have two basins, fiberglass shower with shower with plastic door, 54" one-piece tub and
sunken 60" tub, fiberglass sunken 60" tub and stall glass or plastic door, fiberglass one-piece 54" shower with curtain,
(14% of total shower with glass door, quality shower, quality medicine fiberglass 60" tub, acrylic tub, acrylic round toilets, acrylic round toilets,
cost) medicine cabinets, 6± feet of cabinets and fixtures, round toilets, 6 to 8 LF 4 to 5 linear foot cultured small 4' plastic marble
mirror over 8± feet of cultured cultured marble vanities, cultured marble vanity in marble vanity with single vanity, minimum quality
marble or ceramic tile lavatory good cabinets, 60" one- each bath, twin basin basin, average quality cabinets and hardware,
top, decorative faucets, 40- piece shower in guest bath, master bath with 4± foot cabinets and hardware, 20-gallon electric water
gal. water heater, separate 30- to 40-gallon water mirror, good cabinets, 30- 30-gallon water heater heater, plastic supply
commode closet heater, separate commode to 40-gallon water heater and drain pipe
closet
Bedrooms 9 to 14 linear foot floor-to- 9 to 14 linear foot floor-to- 10± linear foot wardrobe, 8± linear foot wardrobe, Five to six linear foot
(4% of total ceiling sliding mirrored ceiling mirrored sliding floor-to-ceiling mirrored pre-finished and grooved wardrobe, plain plywood
wardrobe doors, or large walk- wardrobe doors in master sliding doors in master plywood doors, mirrored sliding doors
cost) in closets, phone and cable TV bedroom or walk-in closets, bedroom, cable TV jacks wardrobe door in master
jacks phone and cable TV jacks bedroom

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Manufactured Housing
A manufactured home is a structure in one or more of the installed cost. These figures include all costs:
sections intended to be delivered for erection as a unit on typical delivery to the site, setting on piers, finishing
a construction site. No wheels, axles or towbars are (“button up”), connection to utility lines, permits and
included in these costs. Units can be from 8 to 36 feet inspections. Tip-out, expando, or tag-a-long units have
wide and up to 80 feet long. Manufactured homes one or more telescoping or attached rooms to the side.
assembled from two or three sections are referred to as Include this floor areas in your calculations. Do not use
double wide or triple wide units. The cost FOB the area modification factors for manufactured housing.
manufacturer is usually be about 2/3

Estimating Procedure
1. Establish the structure quality class by applying the information on page 16.
2. Multiply the structure floor area (excluding any garage or storage area) by the appropriate square foot cost below.
3. Add, when appropriate, the cost of a permanent foundation, air conditioning, built-ins, porch, skirting, tie-downs, carport,
garage or storage building,
screen walls and roof snow load rating. See the following page.

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 2100 2300 2500
1, Best 117.88 116.40 114.98 113.48 112.03 110.58 109.15 107.64 106.23 104.78 103.31
1, & 2 110.96 109.51 108.07 106.68 105.15 103.66 102.16 100.80 99.30 97.88 96.39

E
2, Good 104.00 102.57 101.14 96.89 95.54 94.16 92.66 91.29 89.81 88.45 87.05
2&3 97.16 95.64 94.25 88.52 87.12 85.76 84.36 83.00 81.59 80.17 78.84
3, Average 90.58 89.18 87.60 82.29 78.60 77.20 75.92 74.57 73.21 71.88 70.52
3&4 84.77 83.27 81.89 76.78 73.21 71.88 70.52 69.15 67.80 66.46 65.07
4, Low Average 78.92 77.51 76.02
PL
71.20 67.80 66.46 65.07 63.72 62.42 61.05 59.70
4&5 74.20 72.68 71.29 66.63 63.41 62.07 60.74 59.38 58.05 56.71 55.29
5 Lowest 69.81 68.40 66.94 60.74 59.38 58.05 56.71 55.29 53.95 52.64 51.29
M
SA

Manufactured Housing, Class 1 Manufactured Housing, Class 3

Manufactured Housing, Class 4 Manufactured Housing, Class 5

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Manufactured Housing

Additional Costs
Permanent Foundation, in place of setting on piers
Single Story
Less than 1,000 square feet of floor area $8,750 to $15,450
Over 1,000 square feet to 1,800 square feet of floor area $15,450 to $28,300
Over 1,800 square feet to 2,500 square feet of floor area $28,300 to $46,200
For two-story units, use the footprint of the first floor and select a figure higher in the range of costs. For difficult site
conditions, such as a high water table, heavy clay soil, rock, over 3' foundation depth or a sloping site, use a figure in
the higher range of costs.

Air Conditioning Storage Buildings, Garages, per S.F. of

Central air for use by existing furnace and ducts floor
2 ton, up to 1,100 S.F. $3,600
Aluminum exterior $20.80
2-1/2 to 3 ton, over 1,100 to 1,600 S.F. $4,130
Enameled steel exterior $16.40
4 to 5 ton, over 1,600 to 2,500 S.F. $4,535 to $5,340
Cost per unit Hardboard panel exterior $36.45
Thru-wall small unit 1/2 H.P., 6,000 Btu $1,250 Figure the garage cost per SF at 2/3 of the home cost per
Thru-wall large unit 1 H.P., 12,000 Btu $1,660 SF.
Evaporative cooler, roof mounted $1,180 to $1,870
Wiring for air conditioning $227 to $478 Tie Downs

E
Cork screw anchor and straps, per each $105 - $155
Built-Ins

Garbage disposal (included in all base cost, deduct if

PL
Dishwasher (included in classes 1, 2 & 3) $970 - $1,290 Steps and Rails, per flight to 36" high
missing) $200 - $1,200 Fiberglass steps $265 - $415
Built-in microwave oven $540 - $750 Handrail $60 - $90
Trash compactor $880 - $1,110
Wet bar (walk-up – if not included in class) $770 - $930 Carport, Porch, or Deck Roof, per S.F.
M
Wet bar (walk behind – if not included in class) covered
$2,540 - $2,770
Separate shower in master bath $880 - $1,110 Aluminum supports and roof cover, free standing
One-half bath: toilet, sink, and pullman $1,740 - $1,850 $15.05 - $20.00
Bathroom sink or laundry sink $370
SA

Aluminum supports and roof cover, attached to house

Fireplace (permanent – includes flue) $3,400 - $4,600 $9.70 - $14.05
Fireplace (free standing – includes flue) $1,550 - $2,770 Wood supports and enameled steel cover, free standing
Built-in buffet-hutch (included in classes 1 and 2)
$17.65 - $22.00
$1,170 - $1,475
Whirlpool tub in master bath $1,420 - $1,740
Screen Wall Enclosure, per linear foot of 8'
wall
Porches and Decks (no roofs included)
Wood frame with screen walls and door $69.00
Wood deck at home floor level with handrail, skirting, Wood or aluminum frame with screen and glass walls,
steps and outdoor carpet, per square foot of porch
with door $120.00
or deck $19.30 to $27.00

Skirting, cost per linear foot of skirt Roof Snowload Capability

Cost per square foot of roof
Lightweight aluminum panels $6.70
30 pound design load $.76 - $1.21
Lap aluminum siding $11.95
40 pound design load $1.20 - $2.18
Painted hardboard panels $15.50
50 pound design load $2.18 - $2.89
Flagstone-type aluminum panels $12.00
60 pound design load $2.88 - $3.85
Concrete composite panels $20.05 - $25.00
80 pound design load $3.65 - $5.80
Vinyl panels $13.33
100 pound design load $4.81 - $6.65
Brick or stone $21.01
175 pound design load $6.10 - $7.35

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Multi-Family Residences – Apartments

Quality Classification
Class 3 Class 4
Class 1 Class 2 High Average Low Average Class 5
Best Quality Good Quality Quality Quality Minimum Quality
Foundation Conventional crawl space Conventional crawl space Conventional crawl space, Concrete slab or crawl Concrete slab.
(9% of total cost) built on a sloping site. built on a sloping site. footing over 40" deep. space with 30" footing.

Floor Engineered wood, steel Engineered wood or steel Standard wood frame with Standard wood frame Simple slab on grade
Structure or concrete exceeding built to meet code irregular shape and changes or concrete slab, with no changes in
(12% of total cost) code requirements, complex requirements, changes in in elevation. simple floor plan. elevation.
plan, changes in elevation. shape and elevation.

Walls and Complex wood or light Wood or light steel Wood or light steel frame, Wood frame, some Wood frame, little
Exterior steel frame, stone or frame, masonry veneer decorative trim at entrance, ornamental details or no ornamentation,
Finish masonry veneer, at entrance, good wood plywood or stucco siding, at entrance, plywood inexpensive stucco or
(12% of total cost) 10' average wall height. or stucco siding. simple framing plan. or hardboard siding. hardboard siding.

Roof & Cover Complex roof plan, Good insulation, 4-ply built-up roof, 4-ply built-up roof, 4-ply built-up roof
(10% of total cost) good insulation, tile good shake, tile or some portions heavy some portions shake or minimum grade
or good shake cover. 5-ply built-up roof. shake or tile. or composition shingles. composition single.

Windows and Many large, good quality Large, good-quality Good quality vinyl or Standard residential- Minimum grade
Doors vinyl or metal windows, vinyl or metal windows, metal windows, grade doors and doors and windows.

E
(5% of total cost) architectural grade doors. commercial grade doors. residential grade doors. windows.

Interior Gypsum board with heavy Textured gypsum board, Textured 1/2" gypsum Textured 1/2" gypsum 1/2" gypsum board
Finish texture or plaster, some some paneled walls, board, several irregular walls board, some wall-cover with smooth finish,
(8% of total cost) paneled walls, cathedral
PL
decorative or stain grade or wall openings, few or hardboard paneling, no ornamental details,
ceiling at entry, built-in trim at entrance or living ornamental details, most walls are rectangular, doors and windows
cases, several wall offsets room, several irregular standard grade trim and standard grade trim and are the only wall
and level changes. walls and wall openings. wall molding. wall molding. openings.

Floor Finish Masonry or stone tile entry, Masonry or tile at entry, Hardwood or tile at entry, Average quality carpet Minimum carpet
(5% of total cost) good hardwood or deluxe hardwood or good carpet standard carpet in most or hardwood in most or resilient tile
M
carpet in most rooms, good in most rooms, sheet rooms, sheet vinyl in rooms, sheet vinyl or throughout.
sheet vinyl in other rooms. vinyl in other rooms. kitchen and bath. resilient tile in kitchen.

Interior Breakfast bar or nook, Formal dining room Separate dining Dining area is in the Dining area is part
Features formal dining room, one ample closet space area, good closet kitchen, small closet of kitchen, minimum
SA

(5% of total cost) walk-in closet, linen closet linen closet and utility space, linen closet in each bedroom, closet space,
utility room or pantry. closet, extra shelving. and small utility closet. linen closet. minimum shelving.

Bath Detail Good tile shower, 8' Tile shower, 6' vanity Better vanity cabinet Good vanity cabinet, Vanity and one small
(4% of total cost) simulated marble top. cabinet and top. and good wall cabinet. good medicine cabinet. medicine cabinet.

Kitchen 16 LF of better hardwood 12 LF of good hardwood 8 LF of standard hardwood 6 LF of low-cost 5 LF of low-cost.

(8% of total cost) wall and base cabinets, wall and base cabinets, wall and base cabinets, wall and base cabinets, wall & base cabinets,
synthetic stone top, 6 very tile or acrylic top, 5 acrylic top, 4 standard laminate counter top, 4 laminate counter top,
good built-in appliances. good built-in appliances. grade built-in appliances. standard grade appliances. low cost appliances.

Electrical Ample recessed lighting, Recessed lighting in most Recessed lighting in kitchen Low-cost recessed lighting Fluorescent ceiling
(10% of total cost) task lighting in kitchen and rooms, good task lighting in and living room, switched in kitchen and living room, fixture in kitchen,
bath, security & computer, kitchen & bath, security & receptacles in bedrooms, switched receptacles in switched receptacles
networks, good chandelier. computer networks. wired for cable TV. other rooms, cable TV. in other rooms.

Plumbing Four excellent fixtures per Three good fixtures per Three standard fixtures per Three low cost fixtures Three minimum-grade
(12% of total cost) bathroom, copper bathroom, copper supply bathroom, copper supply per bathroom, plastic fixtures per bathroom,
supply and drain lines. and drain lines. and plastic drain lines. supply and drain lines. plastic supply & drains.
Plumbing costs assume 1 bathroom per unit. See page 30 for the costs of additional bathrooms.

For Masonry Good textured block, tile Colored or detailed block Colored concrete block, Colored concrete Concrete block or
Walls or decorative brick. tile or decorative brick. tile or decorative brick. block or brick. common brick.
When masonry walls are used in lieu of wood or light steel frame walls, add 9% to the appropriate S.F. cost.

Note: Use the percent of total cost to help identify the correct quality classification. Exceptional class multi-family residences have architectural details and features
uncommon in conventional apartment buildings. Many exceptional class multi-family structures are designed for sale or conversion to condominium ownership.

Residential Structures Section 19

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Multi-Family Residences – Apartments

2 or 3 Units

Estimating Procedure
1. Establish the structure quality class by applying the information on page 19.
2. Multiply the average unit area by the appropriate square foot cost below. The average unit area is found by dividing the
building area on all floors by the number of units in the building. The building area should include office and
utility rooms, interior hallways and interior stairways.
3. Multiply the total from step 2 by the correct location factor listed on page 7 or 8.
4. Add, when appropriate, the cost of balconies, porches, garages, heating and cooling equipment, basements,
fireplaces, carports, appliances and plumbing fixtures beyond that listed in the quality classification. See the cost
of these items on pages 27 to 31.
5. Costs assume one bathroom per unit. Add the cost of additional bathrooms from page 30.

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PL
Multi-Family, Class 2 Multi-Family, Class 4
M
Average Unit Area in Square Feet
Quality Class 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 900 1,000
Exceptional 232.68 222.48 216.93 212.00 208.23 204.79 202.22 199.26 197.53 194.14 190.96
SA

1, Best 204.43 195.41 190.56 186.23 182.82 179.95 177.66 175.05 173.56 170.46 167.80
1, & 2 179.28 171.38 167.08 163.25 160.40 157.81 155.76 153.61 152.18 149.42 147.08
2, Good 156.87 150.02 146.23 142.95 140.36 138.04 136.33 134.40 133.17 130.78 128.74
2&3 143.46 137.13 133.79 130.66 128.34 126.36 124.67 122.97 121.81 119.72 117.76
3, Hi Average 131.29 125.43 122.34 119.66 117.48 115.59 114.00 112.55 111.44 109.43 107.73
3&4 121.21 115.85 113.02 110.38 108.41 106.77 105.38 103.86 102.94 101.07 99.48
4, Lo Average 111.98 107.00 104.32 101.93 100.14 98.53 97.20 95.88 95.05 93.38 91.82
4&5 103.41 98.80 96.34 94.16 92.41 90.95 89.83 88.54 87.78 86.14 84.74
5 Minimum 95.42 91.29 88.97 86.94 85.45 84.03 82.88 81.86 81.05 79.48 78.30

Average Unit Area in Square Feet

Quality Class 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 1,900 2,000 2,200
Exceptional 188.78 186.74 185.09 183.71 182.52 181.44 180.52 179.70 178.93 178.34 177.79
1, Best 165.69 164.16 162.52 161.36 160.27 159.34 158.54 157.96 157.18 156.62 156.19
1, & 2 145.35 143.87 142.55 141.45 140.66 139.75 139.01 138.47 137.85 137.48 137.01
2, Good 127.15 125.92 124.79 123.84 123.07 122.29 121.71 121.13 120.64 120.18 119.87
2&3 116.42 115.07 114.23 113.25 112.56 111.86 111.31 110.91 110.35 110.02 109.66
3, Hi Average 106.47 105.38 104.43 103.56 102.95 102.33 101.80 101.48 100.90 100.60 100.31
3&4 98.32 97.22 96.38 95.63 95.09 94.46 94.11 93.56 93.18 92.94 92.62
4, Lo Average 90.79 89.83 88.98 88.31 87.80 87.26 86.79 86.41 86.05 85.78 85.52
4&5 83.81 82.97 82.27 81.53 81.09 80.56 80.14 79.86 79.44 79.22 78.98
5 Minimum 77.32 76.61 75.90 75.35 74.82 74.35 74.02 73.64 73.42 73.08 72.93
Note: Work outside metropolitan areas may cost 2 to 6% less. Add 2% to the costs for second floor areas and 4% for third
floor areas. Add 9% when the exterior walls are masonry.

20 Residential Structures Section

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Suburban Stores

Suburban stores are usually built as part of shopping centers. They differ from urban stores in that they are built in open
areas where modern construction techniques, equipment and more economical designs can be used. They are also subject
to greater variations in size and shape than are urban stores. Do not use the figures in this section for department stores,
discount houses or urban stores. These building types are evaluated in other sections.

Costs identified “building shell only” do not include permanent partitions, display fronts or finish materials on the
front of the building. Costs for “multi-unit buildings” include partitions, display fronts and finish materials on the
front of the building. All figures include the following costs:
1. Foundations as required for normal soil conditions.
2. Floor, rear wall, side wall and roof structures.
3. A front wall consisting of vertical support columns or pilasters and horizontal beams spanning the area
between these members, leaving an open space to receive a display front.
4. Interior floor, wall and ceiling finishes.
5. Exterior wall finish on the side and rear walls.
6. Roof cover.
7. Basic lighting and electrical systems.
8. Rough and finish plumbing.
9. A usual or normal parapet wall.
10. Design and engineering fees.

E
11. Permits and fees.
12. Utility hook-ups.
13. Contractor's contingency, overhead and mark-up.
PL
The in-place costs of these extra components should be added to the basic building cost to arrive at total
structure cost. See the section “Additional Costs for Commercial, Industrial and Public Structures” on page 236.
1. Heating and air conditioning systems.
2. Fire sprinklers.
M
3. All display front components (shell-type buildings only).
4. Finish materials on the front wall of the building (shell-type building only).
5. Canopies.
SA

6. Interior partitions (shell-type buildings only).

7. Exterior signs.
8. Mezzanines and basements.
9. Loading docks and ramps.
10. Miscellaneous yard improvements.
11. Communications systems.

For valuation purposes suburban stores are divided into two building types: masonry or concrete frame, or wood
or wood and steel frame. Each building type is divided into four shape classes:
1. Buildings in which the depth is greater than the front.
100' Length = 200 + 300 = 500
2. Buildings in which the front is between one and Width = 100
two times the depth.
3. Buildings in which the front is between two and
four times the depth. 200'

4. Buildings in which the front is greater than four times the depth.
Angular buildings should be classed by comparing the sum of the 300' 200'
length of all wings to the width of the wings. All areas should be
included, but no area should be included as part of two different
wings. Note the example at the right. 100'

300'

88 Commercial Structures Section

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Suburban Stores – Masonry or Concrete

Quality Classification
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4
Best Quality Good Quality Average Quality Low Quality
Foundation Reinforced concrete. Reinforced concrete. Reinforced concrete. Reinforced concrete.
(15% of total cost)
Floor Structure 6" reinforced concrete 6" reinforced concrete 6" reinforced concrete 4" reinforced concrete
(15% of total cost) on 6" rock base. on 6" rock base. on 6" rock base. on 6" rock base.
Wall Structure 8" reinforced decorative 8" reinforced decorative 8" reinforced concrete 8" reinforced concrete
(15% of total cost) concrete block, 6" concrete block, 6" block, 6" concrete tilt-up block or 6" concrete
concrete tilt-up or 8" concrete tilt-up or 8" or 8" reinforced tilt-up.
reinforced brick. reinforced brick. common brick.
Roof Glu-lam or steel beams Glu-lam or steel beams Glu-lam beams on steel Glu-lam beams on
(15% of total cost) on steel intermediate on steel intermediate intermediate columns. steel intermediate
columns. columns. columns.
Panelized roof system, Panelized roof system, Panelized roof system, Panelized roof system,
1/2" plywood sheathing, 1/2" plywood sheathing, 1/2" plywood sheathing, 1/2" plywood
5 ply built-up roof 5 ply built-up roof 4 ply built-up roof. sheathing, 4 ply
with insulation. with insulation. built-up roof.
Floor Finish Terrazzo, sheet vinyl Resilient tile with Composition tile. Minimum grade tile.
(5% of total cost) or very good carpet. 50% solid vinyl tile,

E
terrazzo, or good carpet.
Interior Inside of exterior walls Interior stucco on inside Interior stucco on inside Paint on inside of
Wall Finish furred out with gypsum of exterior walls, gypsum of exterior walls, gypsum exterior walls, gypsum
(5% of total cost) wallboard or lath and
PL wallboard and texture or wallboard and texture wallboard with texture
plaster cover. Exterior paper on partitions, some and paint on partitions. and paint on partitions.
walls and partitions vinyl wall cover and
finished with vinyl wall plywood paneling.
covers and hardwood veneers.
M
Ceiling Finish Suspended good grade Suspended acoustical Suspended acoustical Exposed beams with
(5% of total cost) acoustical tile with tile with concealed tile with exposed grid ceiling tile or paint.
gypsum wallboard backing. grid system. system.
Lighting Recessed fluorescent Continuous recessed 3 tube Continuous 3 tube fluo- Continuous exposed 2
SA

(5% of total cost) lighting in modular fluorescent strips with egg rescent strips with egg tube fluorescent strips,
plastic panels. crate diffusers, 8' o.c. crate diffusers, 8' o.c. 8' o.c.
Exterior Face brick or stone Exposed aggregate, some Paint on exposed areas, Paint on exposed
(8% of total cost) veneer. stone veneer. some exposed aggregate. areas.
Plumbing 6 good fixtures per 6 standard fixtures per 4 standard fixtures per 4 standard fixtures per
(12% of total cost) 5,000 S.F. of floor area, 5,000 S.F. of floor area, 5,000 S.F. of floor area, 5,000 S.F. of floor area
metal toilet partitions. metal toilet partitions. metal toilet partitions. wood toilet partitions.
Note: Use the percent of total cost to help identify the correct quality classification.
The costs on pages 90 to 93, and 95 to 102 include display fronts. The quality of the display front will help establish the quality class of the building as
a whole. Display fronts are classified as follows:
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4
Best Quality Good Quality Average Quality Low Quality
Bulkhead Vitrolite, domestic Black flagstone, terrazzo Average ceramic tile, Roman Stucco, wood or
(0 to 4' high) marble or stainless steel. or good ceramic tile. brick or imitation flagstone. common brick.
Window Frame Bronze or stainless steel. Heavy aluminum. Aluminum. Light aluminum with
with stops.
Glass 1/4" float glass with 1/4" float glass, some 1/4" float glass. Crystal or 1/4" float
mitered joints. mitered joints. glass.
Sign Area Vitrolite, domestic Black flagstone, terrazzo, Average ceramic tile, Roman Stucco.
(4' high) marble or stainless steel. or good ceramic tile. brick or imitation flagstone.
Pilasters Vitrolite, domestic Black flagstone, terrazzo Average ceramic tile, Roman Stucco.
marble. or good ceramic tile. brick or imitation flagstone.

Commercial Structures Section 89

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Suburban Stores – Masonry or Concrete

Building Shell Only

Estimating Procedure
1. Use these figures to estimate the cost of shell-type buildings without permanent partitions, display fronts or finish material
on the front wall of the building.
2. Establish the structure quality class by applying the information on page 89.
3. Compute the building floor area. This should include everything within the exterior walls and all inset areas outside the
main walls but under the main roof.
4. Add to or subtract from the cost below the appropriate amount from the Wall Height Adjustment Table (at the bottom of
this page) if the wall height is more or less than 16 feet.
5. Multiply the adjusted square foot cost by the building area.
6. Deduct, if appropriate, for common walls, using the figures at the bottom of page 91.
7. Multiply the total cost by the location factor on page 7 or 8.
8. Add the cost of the appropriate additional components from page 236 to 248: heating and cooling equipment, fire
sprinklers, display fronts, finish materials on the front wall, canopies, interior partitions, exterior signs, mezzanines and
basements, loading docks and ramps, yard improvements, and communication systems.

E
PL
Suburban Store, Class 2
M

Depth greater than length of front – Square Foot Area

Quality Class 500 1,000 2,000 2,500 3,000 4,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500 15,000
SA

1, Best 204.34 170.43 146.49 140.44 135.95 129.67 125.35 118.65 114.66 111.97 109.92
1&2 189.14 157.78 135.67 130.00 125.83 119.98 116.01 109.84 106.10 103.62 101.76
2, Good 177.06 147.71 126.94 121.68 117.82 112.39 108.65 102.84 99.35 97.02 95.26
2&3 167.65 139.87 120.26 115.27 111.60 106.40 102.88 97.38 94.12 91.87 90.21
3, Average 161.12 134.42 115.52 110.71 107.22 102.24 98.83 93.56 90.45 88.33 86.71
3&4 151.85 126.68 108.96 104.36 101.01 96.31 93.12 88.18 85.24 83.20 81.71
4, Low 144.65 120.59 103.67 99.37 96.22 91.72 88.65 84.00 81.13 79.25 77.81

Length of front between 1 and 2 times depth – Square Foot Area

Quality Class 500 1,000 2,000 3,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 35,000
1, Best 195.24 163.98 142.05 132.32 122.66 116.48 112.79 108.48 105.96 104.14 101.84
1&2 180.41 151.60 131.21 122.28 113.24 107.65 104.26 100.26 97.87 96.24 94.04
2, Good 168.90 141.89 122.91 114.48 106.03 100.76 97.55 93.87 91.65 90.05 88.09
2&3 159.85 134.30 116.28 108.35 100.39 95.28 92.36 88.76 86.66 85.28 83.35
3, Average 153.87 129.27 111.97 104.31 96.58 91.85 88.90 85.49 83.46 82.12 80.23
3&4 145.78 122.50 106.07 98.78 91.52 87.03 84.26 80.98 79.09 77.80 76.06
4, Low 137.54 115.55 100.03 93.14 86.31 82.05 79.47 76.41 74.59 73.30 71.71

Wall Height Adjustment: Costs above are based on a 16' wall height, measured from the bottom of the floor slab or floor
joists to the top of the roof cover. Add or subtract the amount listed to or from the square foot cost for each foot more or less
than 16 feet.
Area 500 1,000 2,000 2,500 3,000 4,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500
Cost 2.16 1.97 1.85 1.64 1.45 1.29 1.20 .95 .82 .72
Area 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 50,000 70,000 75,000 100,000 150,000
Cost .68 .67 .61 .59 .55 .49 .42 .40 .29 .27
90 Commercial Structures Section
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Suburban Stores – Masonry or Concrete

Building Shell Only

Estimating Procedure
1. Use these figures to estimate the cost of shell-type buildings without permanent partitions, display fronts or finish material
on the front wall of the building.
2. Establish the structure quality class by applying the information on page 89.
3. Compute the building floor area. This should include everything within the exterior walls and all inset areas outside the
main walls but under the main building roof.
4. Add to or subtract from the cost below the appropriate amount from the Wall Height Adjustment Table on page 90 if the
wall height is more or less than 16 feet.
5. Multiply the adjusted square foot cost by the building area.
6. Deduct, if appropriate, for common walls, using the figures at the bottom of this page.
7. Multiply the total cost by the location factor on page 7 or 8.
8. Add the cost of the appropriate additional components from page 236 to 248: heating and cooling equipment, fire
sprinklers, display fronts, finish materials on the front wall, canopies, interior partitions, exterior signs, mezzanines and
basements, loading docks and ramps, yard improvements, and communication systems.

E
PL
M

Suburban Store, Class 1

SA

Length between 2 and 4 times depth – Square Foot Area

Quality Class 1,000 2,000 3,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 20,000 30,000 50,000 70,000
1, Best 170.09 146.72 136.38 126.02 119.45 115.61 111.03 107.97 104.94 101.70 99.90
1&2 156.65 135.07 125.55 116.03 110.03 106.46 102.16 99.66 96.61 93.65 91.98
2, Good 145.83 125.79 116.91 108.02 102.41 99.14 95.14 92.77 89.96 87.18 85.70
2&3 138.14 119.15 110.72 102.34 97.05 93.87 90.11 87.91 85.27 82.58 81.13
3, Average 132.66 114.48 106.49 98.32 93.28 90.15 86.57 84.51 81.88 79.29 77.98
3&4 126.02 108.74 101.03 93.36 88.55 85.69 82.20 80.17 77.80 75.32 73.99
4, Low 118.98 102.66 95.36 88.15 83.58 80.87 77.66 75.75 73.38 71.15 69.96

Length greater than 4 times depth – Square Foot Area

Quality Class 2,000 3,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 30,000 50,000 75,000 100,000 150,000
1, Best 154.76 143.09 131.41 119.63 114.42 111.32 107.68 103.99 101.69 100.30 98.71
1&2 140.96 130.32 119.65 108.89 104.16 101.43 98.06 94.67 92.57 91.34 89.87
2, Good 131.18 121.25 111.30 101.37 96.98 94.36 91.24 88.09 86.13 84.94 83.54
2&3 124.15 114.75 105.38 95.93 91.78 89.30 86.34 83.43 81.53 80.39 79.14
3, Average 119.25 110.30 101.24 92.20 88.15 85.76 82.95 80.15 78.37 77.30 76.03
3&4 112.74 104.28 95.76 87.15 83.32 81.10 78.41 75.77 74.04 73.06 71.90
4, Low 106.73 98.72 90.59 82.51 78.87 76.78 74.24 71.71 70.11 69.19 67.98

Perimeter Wall Adjustment: A common wall exists when two buildings share one wall. Adjust for common walls by
deducting $291 per linear foot of common wall from the total structure cost. In some structures one or more walls are not
owned at all. In this case, deduct $570 per linear foot of wall not owned.
Commercial Structures Section 91
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Suburban Stores – Masonry or Concrete

Multi-Unit Buildings

Estimating Procedure
1. Use these square foot costs to estimate the cost of stores designed for multiple occupancy. These costs include all
components of shell buildings plus the cost of display fronts, finish materials on the front of the building and normal
interior partitions.
2. Establish the structure quality class by applying the information on page 89. Evaluate the quality of the display front to
help establish the correct quality class of the building as a whole. See also pages 242 to 245.
3. Compute the building floor area. This should include everything within the building exterior walls and all inset areas
outside the main walls but under the main building roof.
4. Add to or subtract from the cost below the appropriate amount from the Wall Height Adjustment Table (at the bottom of
this page) if the wall height is more or less than 16 feet.
5. Multiply the adjusted square foot cost by the building area.
6. Deduct, if appropriate, for common walls, using the figures at the bottom of page 93.
7. Multiply the total cost by the location factor on page 7 or 8.
8. Add the cost of the appropriate additional components from page 236 to 248: heating and cooling equipment, fire
sprinklers, canopies, exterior signs, mezzanines and basements, loading docks and ramps, yard improvements, and
communications systems.

E
Depth greater than length of front – Square Foot Area
Quality Class 500 1,000 2,000 2,500 3,000 4,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500 15,000
1, Best 290.98 237.51 199.81 190.17
PL 183.04 173.17 166.38 155.77 149.45 145.22 142.02
1&2 260.61 212.79 179.00 170.39 163.99 155.13 149.00 139.60 133.94 130.10 127.23
2, Good 234.23 191.15 160.83 153.07 147.40 139.37 133.88 125.41 120.33 116.88 114.28
2&3 221.61 175.64 147.72 140.64 135.35 128.01 122.99 115.12 110.53 107.33 105.02
3, Average 199.01 162.44 136.69 130.10 125.28 118.44 113.75 106.57 102.26 99.35 97.17
3&4 184.55 150.66 126.69 120.62 116.11 109.84 105.47 98.78 94.80 92.10 90.05
M
4, Low 170.00 138.76 116.74 111.13 107.03 101.10 97.23 91.05 87.34 84.83 83.01

Length of front between 1 and 2 times depth – Square Foot Area

SA

Quality Class 500 1,000 2,000 3,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 35,000
1, Best 320.11 259.15 215.78 196.43 177.00 164.71 157.35 148.67 143.47 139.87 135.26
1&2 284.49 230.31 191.73 174.58 157.29 146.37 139.85 132.07 127.47 124.29 120.21
2, Good 252.98 204.85 170.53 155.25 139.84 130.15 124.33 117.51 113.36 110.57 106.87
2&3 230.87 186.94 155.62 141.69 127.65 118.78 113.52 107.23 103.45 100.93 97.50
3, Average 219.71 177.90 148.11 134.82 121.50 113.10 108.05 102.03 98.51 96.03 92.80
3&4 207.90 168.34 140.14 127.62 115.01 106.97 102.26 96.55 93.17 90.87 87.87
4, Low 189.67 153.60 127.86 116.42 104.88 97.62 93.29 88.09 85.02 82.92 80.17

Wall Height Adjustment: Costs above are based on a 16' wall height, measured from the bottom of the floor slab or floor
joists to the top of the roof cover. Add or subtract the amount listed to or from the square foot cost for each foot more or less
than 16 feet.
Square Foot Area
Class 2,000 3,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 25,000 35,000 50,000 75,000 100,000 150,000
1, Best 8.26 6.72 5.21 3.64 3.05 2.34 2.01 1.74 1.48 1.41 1.31
2, Good 6.16 5.04 3.87 2.70 2.33 1.74 1.48 1.34 1.13 1.06 .94
3, Average 4.73 3.85 2.98 2.12 1.75 1.40 1.20 1.00 .87 .84 .78
4, Low 3.72 3.02 2.34 1.62 1.41 1.07 .88 .82 .73 .64 .62

92 Commercial Structures Section

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Suburban Stores – Masonry or Concrete

Multi-Unit Buildings

Estimating Procedure
1. Use these square foot costs to estimate the cost of stores designed for multiple occupancy. These costs include all
components of shell buildings plus the cost of display fronts, finish materials on the front of the building and normal
interior partitions.
2. Establish the structure quality class by applying the information on page 89. Evaluate the quality of the display front to
help establish the correct quality class of the building as a whole. See also pages 236 to 248.
3. Compute the building floor area. This should include everything within the building exterior walls and all inset areas
outside the main walls but under the main building roof.
4. Add to or subtract from the cost below the appropriate amount from the Wall Height Adjustment Table (at the bottom of
page 92) if the wall height is more or less than 16 feet.
5. Multiply the adjusted square foot cost by the building area.
6. Deduct, if appropriate, for common walls, using the figures at the bottom of this page.
7. Multiply the total cost by the location factor on page 7 or 8.
8. Add the cost of the appropriate additional components from page 236 to 248: heating and cooling equipment, fire
sprinklers, canopies, exterior signs, mezzanines and basements, loading docks and ramps, yard improvements, and
communications systems.

E
PL
M

Suburban Store, Class 3 Suburban Store, Class 4

SA

Length of front between 2 and 4 times depth – Square Foot Area

Quality Class 1,000 2,000 3,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 20,000 30,000 50,000 70,000
1, Best 292.28 239.74 216.34 192.74 177.80 168.88 158.36 151.98 144.53 136.95 132.93
1&2 260.56 213.78 192.91 171.88 158.55 150.59 141.14 135.55 128.81 122.11 118.50
2, Good 230.85 189.34 170.84 152.19 140.39 133.35 125.01 120.04 114.10 108.11 104.93
2&3 209.42 171.85 155.09 138.18 127.45 121.07 113.51 108.97 103.51 98.16 95.26
3, Average 197.27 156.99 141.69 126.28 116.38 110.60 103.65 99.52 94.64 89.68 87.04
3&4 176.56 144.87 130.65 116.47 107.39 102.06 95.66 91.86 87.27 82.72 80.34
4, Low 161.60 132.55 119.63 106.62 98.34 93.39 87.48 84.04 79.87 75.75 73.50

Length of front greater than 4 times depth – Square Foot Area

Quality Class 2,000 3,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 30,000 50,000 75,000 100,000 150,000
1, Best 267.98 239.15 210.34 181.66 168.96 161.47 152.59 143.67 138.08 134.72 130.82
1&2 237.02 211.49 186.02 160.61 149.45 142.83 134.99 127.12 122.12 119.16 115.70
2, Good 209.60 187.02 164.56 142.08 132.22 126.33 119.32 112.42 107.99 105.42 102.32
2&3 189.86 169.44 149.08 128.69 119.78 114.44 108.10 101.78 97.85 95.50 92.68
3, Average 173.82 155.10 136.41 117.80 109.64 104.72 98.94 93.17 89.51 87.35 84.83
3&4 160.48 143.20 125.94 108.78 101.21 96.69 91.34 86.02 82.69 80.62 78.31
4, Low 146.43 130.64 114.94 99.25 92.36 88.24 83.32 78.50 75.47 73.59 71.49

Perimeter Wall Adjustment: A common wall exists when two buildings share one wall. Adjust for common walls by
deducting $295 per linear foot of common wall from the total structure cost. In some structures one or more walls are not
owned at all. In this case, deduct $600 per linear foot of wall not owned.

Commercial Structures Section 93

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Suburban Stores – Wood or Wood and Steel Frame

Quality Classification
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4
Best Quality Good Quality Average Quality Low Quality

Foundation Reinforced concrete. Reinforced concrete. Reinforced concrete. Reinforced concrete.

(15% of total cost)

Floor 6" reinforced concrete 6" reinforced concrete 6" reinforced concrete 4" reinforced concrete
Structure on 6" rock base. on 6" rock base. on 6" rock base. on 6" rock base.
(15% of total cost)

Wall Structure 2" x 6" - 16" o.c. 2" x 6" - 16" o.c. 2" x 6" - 16" o.c. 2" x 4" - 16" o.c.
(15% of total cost)

Roof Glu-lams or steel beams Glu-lams or steel beams Glu-lams on steel Glu-lams on steel
(15% of total cost) on steel intermediate on steel intermediate intermediate columns. intermediate columns.
columns. columns.
Panelized roof system, Panelized roof system, Panelized roof system, Panelized roof system,
1/2" plywood sheathing, 1/2" plywood sheathing, 1/2" plywood sheathing, 1/2" plywood sheath-
5 ply built-up roof 5 ply built-up roof 4 ply built-up roof. ing, 4 ply built-up roof.
with insulation. with insulation.
Floor Finish Terrazzo, sheet vinyl, Resilient tile with Composition tile. Minimum grade tile.

E
(5% of total cost) or very good carpet. 50% solid vinyl tile,
terrazzo, or good carpet.
Interior Gypsum wallboard or Gypsum wallboard, Gypsum wallboard, Gypsum wallboard,
Wall Finish lath and plaster on
PL
texture and paper on texture and paint on texture and paint on
(5% of total cost) exterior walls and exterior walls and interior walls and interior walls and
partitions, finished partitions, some vinyl partitions. partitions.
with vinyl wall covers wall cover and plywood
and hardwood veneers. paneling.
Ceiling Finish Suspended good grade Suspended acoustical Suspended acoustical Exposed beams with
M
(5% of total cost) acoustical tile with tile with concealed tile with exposed grid ceiling tile or painted.
gypsum board backing. grid system. system.
Lighting Recessed fluorescent Continuous recessed 3 Continuous 3 tube fluo- Continuous exposed 2
SA

(5% of total cost) lighting in modular tube fluorescent strips rescent strips with tube fluorescent strips,
plastic panels. with egg crate egg crate diffusers, 8' o.c.
diffusers, 8' o.c. 8' o.c.
Exterior Face brick or stone Wood siding, some stone Stucco on exposed Stucco on exposed
(8% of total cost) veneer. veneer. areas, some brick trim. areas.
Plumbing 6 good fixtures per 6 standard fixtures per 4 standard fixtures per 4 standard fixtures per
(12% of total cost) 5,000 S.F. of floor area, 5,000 S.F. of floor area, 5,000 S.F. of floor area, 5,000 S.F. of floor area
metal toilet partitions. metal toilet partitions. metal toilet partitions. wood toilet partitions.
Note: Use the percent of total cost to help identify the correct quality classification

Strip and Island Suburban Stores

For estimating purposes, wood frame suburban stores should be divided into
strip type units or island type units. Strip type buildings have a front wall made up
of display fronts. The side and rear walls, except for delivery or walk-through
doors, are made up of solid, continuous wood frame walls. If there are any display
areas in the sides or rear of these buildings, the cost of the display front must be
added to the building cost and the cost of the wall that it replaces must be
deducted from the building costs.
Island type suburban store buildings have display fronts on the major portion
of all four sides. Stores may be arranged so that one store fronts on two sides or
they may be partitioned in such a way that there are two separate stores fronting
Strip Type Island Type
on each side of the building.

94 Commercial Structures Section

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Suburban Stores – Wood or Wood and Steel Frame

Building Shell Only, Island Type

Estimating Procedure
1. Use these figures to estimate the cost of shell-type buildings without permanent partitions, display fronts or finish material
on the front wall of the building.
2. Establish the structure quality class by applying the information on page 94.
3. Compute the building floor area. This should include everything within the exterior walls and all inset areas outside the
main walls but under the main roof.
4. Add to or subtract from the square foot cost below the appropriate amount from the Wall Height Adjustment Table (at the
bottom of this page) if the wall height is more or less than 16 feet.
5. Multiply the adjusted square foot cost by the building area.
6. Deduct, if appropriate, for common walls, using the figures at the bottom of this page.
7. Multiply the total cost by the location factor on page 7 or 8.
8. Add the cost of the appropriate additional components from page 236 to 248: heating and cooling equipment, fire
sprinklers, display fronts, finish materials on the front wall, canopies, interior partitions, exterior signs, mezzanines and
basements, loading docks and ramps, yard improvements, and communication systems.

Length less than 1-1/2 times depth – Square Foot Area

E
Quality Class 3,500 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500 15,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 75,000
1, Best 116.37 114.46 112.55 111.48 110.71 110.11 109.36 108.39 107.83 107.48 106.89
1&2 105.44 103.68 101.96 100.99 100.25 99.77 99.09 98.18 97.69 97.33 96.84
2, Good
2&3
96.08
92.80
94.54
89.66
92.96
86.71
PL
92.07
85.89
91.46
85.29
91.00
84.90
90.36
84.29
89.55
83.51
89.10
83.06
88.81
82.80
88.28
82.37
3, Average 84.77 83.43 82.02 81.23 80.68 80.23 79.68 79.02 78.64 78.33 77.87
3&4 77.83 76.57 75.28 74.52 74.00 73.71 73.13 72.50 72.11 71.89 71.44
4, Low 70.74 69.53 68.41 67.77 67.23 66.95 66.45 65.90 65.54 65.35 64.92
M
Length between 1-1/2 and 2 times depth – Square Foot Area
Quality Class 4,500 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 75,000 100,000
1, Best 115.81 115.17 112.95 111.75 110.33 109.53 108.51 108.03 107.66 107.07 106.78
1&2 104.85 104.27 102.30 101.08 99.88 99.13 98.30 97.78 97.47 96.94 96.70
SA

2, Good 95.66 95.12 93.31 92.31 91.06 90.42 89.64 89.19 88.91 88.45 88.18
2&3 89.11 88.60 86.89 85.98 84.90 84.27 83.51 83.09 82.86 82.46 82.18
3, Average 84.27 83.74 82.17 81.30 80.19 79.65 78.99 78.62 78.31 77.89 77.71
3&4 77.33 76.85 75.44 74.58 73.66 73.11 72.52 72.11 71.89 71.55 71.27
4, Low 70.13 69.73 68.41 67.69 66.85 66.34 65.75 65.44 65.16 64.86 64.68

Wall Height Adjustment: Add or subtract the amount listed to or from the square foot costs above for each foot of wall
height more or less than 16 feet.

Over
Area 3,500 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500 15,000 20,000
Cost .28 .26 .21 .17 .14 .13 .12

Perimeter Wall Adjustment: For common wall deduct $64 per linear foot of common wall. For no wall ownership, deduct
$133 per linear foot of wall.

Commercial Structures Section 95

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Suburban Stores – Wood or Wood and Steel Frame

Multi-Unit, Strip Type

Estimating Procedure
1. Use these figures to estimate the cost of stores designed for multiple occupancy. These costs include all components of
shell buildings plus the cost of display fronts, finish materials on the front of the building and normal interior partitions.
2. Establish the structure quality class by applying the information on page 94. Evaluate the quality of the display front to
help establish the correct quality class of the building as a whole. The building classes have display fronts as classified
on page 89. See also pages 242 to 245.
3. Compute the building floor area. This should include everything within the exterior walls and all inset areas outside the
main walls but under the main roof.
4. Add to or subtract from the square foot cost below the appropriate amount from the Wall Height Adjustment Table (at the
bottom of this page) if the wall height is more or less than 16 feet.
5. Multiply the adjusted square foot cost by the building area.
6. Deduct, if appropriate, for common walls, using the figures at the bottom of this page.
7. Multiply the total cost by the location factor on page 7 or 8.
8. Add the cost of the appropriate additional components from page 236 to 248: heating and cooling equipment, fire
sprinklers, canopies, exterior signs, mezzanines and basements, loading docks and ramps, yard improvements, and
communication systems.

E
Length less than 1-1/2 times depth – Square Foot Area
Quality Class 500 1,000 2,000 2,500 3,000 4,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500 15,000
1, Best
1&2
266.40
236.01
222.09
196.81
190.94
169.11
PL
182.96
162.10
177.12
156.90
168.87
149.57
163.28
144.61
154.61
136.91
149.41
132.29
145.82
129.16
143.23
126.84
2, Good 208.08 173.50 149.07 142.85 138.34 131.85 127.56 120.73 116.67 113.84 111.81
2&3 189.43 157.92 135.76 130.08 125.97 120.04 116.09 109.88 106.18 103.71 101.78
3, Average 173.50 144.66 124.37 119.24 115.34 110.02 106.36 100.70 97.28 94.98 93.28
3&4 159.84 133.24 114.55 113.81 106.27 101.33 97.96 92.73 89.60 87.49 85.95
4, Low 145.25 121.12 104.06 99.74 96.53 92.03 89.02 84.27 81.43 79.54 78.04
M

Length between 1-1/2 and 2 times depth – Square Foot Area

Quality Class 500 1,000 2,000 3,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 35,000
SA

1, Best 297.54 244.89 207.56 191.02 174.42 163.97 157.73 150.34 145.92 142.90 138.94
1&2 262.49 216.04 183.14 168.57 153.91 144.65 139.14 132.63 128.75 126.04 122.60
2, Good 230.55 189.73 160.79 148.03 135.16 127.03 122.27 116.51 113.07 110.76 107.67
2&3 209.29 172.20 145.99 134.35 122.71 115.33 110.93 105.73 102.57 100.52 97.74
3, Average 190.58 156.85 132.96 122.32 111.69 105.01 101.04 96.85 93.44 91.56 89.02
3&4 174.37 143.51 121.61 111.94 102.20 96.07 92.47 88.01 85.52 83.74 81.43
4, Low 158.43 130.33 110.42 101.66 92.81 87.24 83.93 80.01 77.68 76.04 73.94

Wall Height Adjustment: Add or subtract the amount listed to or from the square foot of floor cost for each foot of wall
height more or less than 16 feet.
Square Foot Area
Quality Class 500 1,000 2,000 3,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 35,000
1, Best 18.30 12.73 8.98 7.32 5.73 4.64 4.03 3.36 2.88 2.60 2.38
2, Good 11.99 8.36 5.89 4.81 3.69 3.05 2.66 2.19 1.95 1.69 1.58
3, Average 8.79 6.12 4.32 3.54 2.78 2.25 1.98 1.59 1.41 1.29 1.18
4, Low 6.41 4.41 3.10 2.55 1.99 1.60 1.41 1.18 .96 .86 .83

Perimeter Wall Adjustment: For a common wall, deduct $218 per linear foot. For no wall ownership,
deduct $436 per linear foot.

Commercial Structures Section 101

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Suburban Stores – Wood or Wood and Steel Frame

Multi-Unit, Strip Type

Estimating Procedure
1. Use these figures to estimate the cost of stores designed for multiple occupancy. These costs include all components of
shell buildings plus the cost of display fronts, finish materials on the front of the building and normal interior partitions.
2. Establish the structure quality class by applying the information on page 94. Evaluate the quality of the display front to
help establish the correct quality class of the building as a whole. The building classes have display fronts as classified
on page 89. See also pages 242 to 245.
3. Compute the building floor area. This should include everything within the exterior walls and all inset areas outside the
main walls but under the main roof.
4. Add to or subtract from the square foot cost below the appropriate amount from the Wall Height Adjustment Table (at the
bottom of this page) if the wall height is more or less than 16 feet.
5. Multiply the adjusted square foot cost by the building area.
6. Deduct, if appropriate, for common walls, using the figures at the bottom of this page.
7. Multiply the total cost by the location factor on page 7 or 8.
8. Add the cost of the appropriate additional components from page 236 to 248: heating and cooling equipment, fire
sprinklers, canopies, exterior signs, mezzanines and basements, loading docks and ramps, yard improvements, and
communication systems.

E
Length between 2 and 3 times depth – Square Foot Area
Quality Class 1,000 2,000 3,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 20,000 30,000 50,000 70,000
1, Best
1&2
282.62
249.06
234.70
206.84
213.52
188.19
192.29
169.50
PL 178.97
157.70
170.96
150.72
161.48
142.32
155.87
137.41
149.18
131.53
142.57
125.65
139.01
122.48
2, Good 218.05 181.05 164.77 148.35 138.05 131.88 124.66 120.29 115.13 109.97 107.23
2&3 197.45 163.93 149.13 134.35 125.02 119.48 112.88 108.92 104.28 99.61 97.11
3, Average 178.97 148.61 135.17 121.74 113.27 108.29 102.29 98.69 94.48 90.25 88.00
3&4 163.75 135.95 123.71 111.34 103.61 99.05 93.51 90.32 86.46 82.57 80.48
4, Low 148.22 123.06 112.02 100.88 93.78 89.68 84.72 81.75 78.36 74.75 72.91
M

Length greater than 3 times depth – Square Foot Area

Quality Class 2,000 3,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 30,000 50,000 75,000 100,000 150,000
SA

1, Best 257.92 232.11 206.55 181.24 170.19 163.58 155.75 148.02 143.16 140.27 136.80
1&2 227.12 204.41 181.82 159.54 149.82 144.01 137.18 130.35 126.08 123.50 120.48
2, Good 198.60 178.73 159.05 139.58 131.03 125.98 119.98 114.02 110.24 108.03 105.39
2&3 173.39 155.99 138.89 121.81 114.43 109.97 104.76 99.50 96.29 94.36 91.96
3, Average 162.49 146.22 130.13 114.16 107.16 103.07 98.15 93.28 90.18 88.37 86.22
3&4 149.55 134.58 119.80 105.07 98.62 94.80 90.36 85.83 83.01 81.32 79.40
4, Low 136.17 122.56 109.09 95.72 89.87 86.40 82.28 78.17 75.61 74.16 72.29

Wall Height Adjustment: Add or subtract the amount listed to or from the square foot cost above for each foot of wall
height more or less than 16 feet.
Square Foot Area
Quality Class 2,000 3,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 30,000 50,000 75,000 100,000 150,000
1, Best 8.71 7.10 5.55 3.98 3.33 2.86 2.35 1.96 1.59 1.45 1.27
2, Good 5.59 4.60 3.54 2.55 2.09 1.84 1.56 1.24 1.02 .94 .77
3, Average 4.11 3.40 2.61 1.92 1.57 1.38 1.16 .87 .77 .69 .59
4, Low 3.07 2.47 1.96 1.38 1.17 1.04 .82 .68 .58 .54 .44

Perimeter Wall Adjustment: For a common wall, deduct $218 per linear foot. For no wall ownership,
deduct $436 per linear foot.

102 Commercial Structures Section

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Supermarkets – Masonry or Concrete

Quality Classification
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4
Best Quality Good Quality Average Quality Low Quality
Foundation Reinforced concrete. Reinforced concrete. Reinforced concrete. Reinforced concrete.
(15% of total cost)
Floor Structure 4" reinforced concrete 4" reinforced concrete 4" reinforced concrete 4" reinforced concrete
(12% of total cost) on 6" rock fill. on 6" rock fill. on 6" rock fill. on 6" rock fill.
Wall Structure 6" concrete tilt-up or 6" concrete tilt-up, colored 6" concrete tilt-up or 8" 6" concrete tilt-up or 8"
(15% of total cost) ornamental block or brick. concrete block or brick. concrete block. concrete block.
Roof Structure Glu-lams or steel “I” Glu-lams or steel “I” Glu-lams or steel “I” Glu-lams or steel “I”
(10% of total cost) beams on steel intermediate beams on steel intermediate beams on steel inter- beams on steel inter-
columns, 2" x 12" columns, 2" x 12" mediate columns, 2" x 12" mediate columns, 3" x
purlins 16" o.c., 1/2" purlins 16" o.c., 1/2" purlins 16" o.c., 1/2" 12" purlins 3' o.c., 1/2"
plywood sheathing. plywood sheathing. plywood sheathing. plywood sheathing.
Floor Finish Terrazzo in sales area. Resilient tile in sales Composition tile in Minimum grade tile in
(5% of total cost) Sheet vinyl or carpet area. Terrazzo, solid sales area. sales area.
in cashiers’ area. vinyl tile or carpet in
cashiers’ area.
Interior Wall Inside of exterior walls Paint on inside of Paint on inside of Paint on inside of
Finish furred out with gypsum exterior walls, gypsum exterior walls, wallboard exterior walls,

E
(5% of total cost) wallboard and paint or wallboard and paint or and paint on partitions. wallboard and paint on
interior stucco, interior vinyl wall cover on partitions.
stucco or gypsum partitions.
wallboard and vinyl wall
cover on partitions.
PL
Ceiling Finish Suspended acoustical Suspended acoustical Ceiling tile on roof Open.
(5% of total cost) tile, dropped ceiling tile or gypsum board and purlins, dropped ceiling
over meat and produce acoustical texture, dropped over meat department.
departments. ceiling over meat and
produce departments.
M
Front A large amount of float A large amount of float A moderate amount of Stucco or exposed
(7% of total cost) glass in good aluminum glass in good aluminum float glass in average aggregate with a small
frames (18'-22' high for frames (16'-18' high for quality aluminum frames amount of float glass
3/4 of width), brick or 2/3 of width), brick or (12'-16' high for 2/3 in an inexpensive
SA

stone veneer on remainder, stone veneer on remainder, of width), exposed aluminum frame
1 pair of good automatic 1 pair of good automatic aggregate on remainder, (6'-10' high for 1/2 of
doors per 7,000 S.F. doors per 10,000 S.F. 1 pair average automatic width), 6' canopy
of floor area, anodized of floor area, 8' doors per 10,000 S.F. of across front, 6'
aluminum sunshade canopy across front, 10' floor area, 6' canopy ground level walk
over glass area, 8' canopy raised walk across front. across front, 8' raised across front.
across front, 10'-12' walk across front.
raised walk across front.
Exterior Finish Large ornamental rock Large ornamental rock Paint, some exposed Paint.
(8% of total cost) or brick veneer. or brick veneer. aggregate.
Roof Cover 5 ply built-up roofing 5 ply built-up roofing 4 ply built-up roofing. 4 ply built-up roofing.
(5% of total cost) with large rock. with tar and rock.
Plumbing 2 rest rooms with 3 2 rest rooms with 3 2 rest rooms with 2 1 rest room with 2 fix-
(8% of total cost) fixtures, floor piping and fixtures each, floor piping fixtures each, floor piping tures, floor piping and
drains to refrigerated and drains to refrigerated and drains to refrigerated drains to refrigerated
cases, 2 double sinks with cases, 2 double sinks with cases, 2 double sinks. cases.
drain board. drain board.
Electrical Conduit wiring, recessed Conduit wiring, 4 tube Conduit wiring, 3 tube Conduit wiring, double
(5% of total cost) 4 tube fluorescent fluorescent fixtures with fluorescent fixtures, 8' tube fluorescent
fixtures 8' o.c., diffusers 8' o.c., 30-40 o.c., 5 or 10 spotlights. fixtures, 8' o.c.
30-40 spotlights. spotlights.
Note: Use the percent of total cost to help identify the correct quality classification.
Square foot costs include the following components: Foundations as required for normal soil conditions. Floor, wall, and roof
structures. Interior floor, wall and ceiling finishes. Exterior wall finish and roof cover. Display fronts. Interior partitions. Entry and delivery doors. A
canopy and walk across the front of the building as described in the applicable building specifications. Basic lighting and electrical systems. Rough and
finish plumbing. All plumbing, piping and wiring necessary to operate the usual refrigerated cases and vegetable cases. Design and engineering fees.
Permits and hook-up fees. Contractor's mark-up.
Commercial Structures Section 103
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Supermarkets – Masonry or Concrete

Estimating Procedure
1. Establish the structure quality class by using the information on page 103.
2. Compute the building floor area. This should include everything within the building exterior walls and all insets outside the
main walls but under the main building roof.
3. Add to or subtract from the square foot cost below the appropriate amount from the Wall Height Adjustment Row
(at the bottom of this page) if the wall height is more or less than 20 feet.
4. Multiply the adjusted square foot cost by the building area.
5. Deduct, if appropriate, for common walls, using the figures at the bottom of this page.
6. Multiply the total cost by the location factor listed on page 7 or 8.
7. Add the cost of heating and cooling equipment, fire sprinklers, exterior signs, yard improvements, loading docks, ramps
and walk-in boxes if they are an integral part of the building. See pages 236 to 248.

E
PL
Supermarket, Class 2

Square Foot Area

M
Quality Class 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 50,000
Exceptional 187.61 174.46 166.59 161.18 157.20 151.60 147.71 144.88 142.68 140.89 138.14
1, Best 178.79 166.27 158.75 153.63 149.79 144.46 140.79 138.06 135.98 134.27 131.61
SA

1&2 165.77 154.11 147.20 142.38 138.85 133.88 130.50 127.98 126.00 124.44 122.10
2, Good 153.48 142.73 136.28 131.91 128.60 124.07 120.88 118.55 116.74 115.29 113.06
2&3 143.22 133.14 127.18 123.05 119.94 115.72 112.77 110.56 108.85 107.53 105.43
3, Average 134.60 125.21 119.51 115.62 112.77 108.81 105.96 103.94 102.35 101.05 99.06
3&4 122.11 113.49 108.35 104.88 102.30 98.66 96.12 94.27 92.79 91.70 89.91
4, Low 109.02 101.34 96.79 93.67 91.32 88.07 85.80 84.18 82.90 81.82 80.24
Wall Height
Adjustment* 2.03 1.62 1.42 1.31 1.20 1.00 .88 .80 .77 .74 .64

*Wall Height Adjustment: Add or subtract the amount listed in this row to or from the square foot of floor cost for each foot
of wall height more or less than 20 feet.

Perimeter Wall Adjustment: A common wall exists when two buildings share one wall. Adjust for common walls by
deducting the linear foot costs below from the total structure cost. In some structures one or more walls are not owned at all.
In this case, deduct the “No Ownership” cost per linear foot of wall not owned. For common wall, deduct $357 per linear foot.
For no wall ownership, deduct $745 per linear foot.

104 Commercial Structures Section

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Supermarkets – Wood and Steel Frame

Quality Classification
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4
Best Quality Good Quality Average Quality Low Quality
Foundation Reinforced concrete. Reinforced concrete. Reinforced concrete. Reinforced concrete.
(15% of total cost)
Floor Structure 4" reinforced concrete 4" reinforced concrete 4" reinforced concrete 4" reinforced concrete
(12% of total cost) on 6" rock fill. on 6" rock fill. on 6" rock fill. on 6" rock fill.
Wall Structure 2" x 6" - 16" o.c. 2" x 6" - 16" o.c. 2" x 4" - 16" o.c. 2" x 4" - 16" o.c.
(10% of total cost)
Roof Structure Glu-lams or steel “I” Glu-lams or steel “I” Glu-lams or steel “I” Glu-lams or steel “I”
(10% of total cost) beams on steel interme- beams on steel interme- beams on steel interme- beams on steel inter-
diate columns, 2" x 12" diate columns, 2" x 12" diate columns, 2" x 12" mediate columns, 3" x
purlins 16" o.c., 1/2" purlins 16" o.c., 1/2" purlins 16" o.c., 1/2" 12" purlins 3' o.c., 1/2"
plywood sheathing. plywood sheathing. plywood sheathing. plywood sheathing.
Floor Finish Terrazzo in sales area. Resilient tile in sales Composition tile in Minimum tile or inex-
(5% of total cost) Sheet vinyl or carpet in area. Terrazzo, solid sales area. pensive composition
cashiers’ area. vinyl tile or carpet in tile in sales area.
cashiers’ area.
Interior Wall Gypsum wallboard and Gypsum wallboard, texture Gypsum wallboard, texture Gypsum wallboard and
Finish vinyl wall cover or and paint or vinyl and paint on inside paint on inside of
(7% of total cost) interior stucco on inside wall cover on inside of of exterior walls, and exterior walls, and on

E
of exterior walls and exterior walls, and on on partitions. partitions.
on partitions. partitions.
Ceiling Finish Suspended acoustical Suspended acoustical tile Ceiling tile on roof pur- Open.
(5% of total cost) tile, dropped ceiling over
PL or gypsum board and lins, dropped ceiling over
meat and produce acoustical texture, dropped meat department.
departments. ceiling over meat and
produce departments.
Front A large amount of float A large amount of float Moderate amount of float Stucco with small
(10% of total cost) glass in good aluminum glass in good aluminum glass in average quality amount of float glass
M
frames (18'-22' high for frames (16'-18' high for aluminum frames (12'- in an inexpensive
3/4 of width), brick or 2/3 of width), brick or 16' high for 2/3 of width), aluminum frame
stone veneer on remainder, stone veneer on remainder, wood siding on remainder, (6'-10' high for 1/2
1 pair good automatic 1 pair good automatic 1 pair average automatic of width), 6' canopy
doors per 7,000 S.F. doors per 10,000 S.F. doors per 10,000 S.F. across front, 6'
SA

of floor area, anodized of floor area, 9' of floor area, 6' ground level walk
aluminum sunshade canopy across front, canopy across front, 8' across front.
over glass area, 8' canopy 10' raised walk across raised walk across front.
across front, 10'-12' front.
raised walk across front.
Exterior Finish Large ornamental rock Good wood siding, some Stucco or wood siding. Stucco.
(8% of total cost) or brick veneer. masonry veneer.
Roof Cover 5 ply built-up roofing 5 ply built-up roofing 4 ply built-up roofing. 4 ply built-up roofing.
(5% of total cost) with large rock. with tar and rock.
Plumbing 2 rest rooms with 3 fixtures 2 rest rooms with 3 fixtures 2 rest rooms with 2 fixtures 1 rest room with 2
(8% of total cost) each, floor piping and each, floor piping and each, floor piping and fixtures, floor piping
drains to refrigerated drains to refrigerated drains to refrigerated and drains to
cases, 2 double sinks cases, 2 double sinks cases, 2 double sinks. refrigerated cases.
with drain board. with drain board.
Electrical Conduit wiring, recessed Conduit wiring, 4 tube Conduit wiring, 3 tube Conduit wiring, double
(5% of total cost) 4 tube fluorescent fixtures, fluorescent fixtures with fluorescent fixtures, 8' tube fluorescent
8' o.c., 30 to 40 diffusers, 8' o.c., 30 to o.c., 5 or 10 spotlights. fixtures, 8' o.c.
spotlights. 40 spotlights.
Note: Use the percent of total cost to help identify the correct quality classification.
Square foot costs include the following components: Foundations as required for normal soil conditions. Floor, wall, and roof
structures. Interior floor, wall and ceiling finishes. Exterior wall finish and roof cover. Display fronts. Interior partitions. Entry and delivery doors. A
canopy and walk across the front of the building as described in the applicable building specifications. Basic lighting and electrical systems. Rough and
finish plumbing. All plumbing, piping and wiring necessary to operate the usual refrigerated cases and vegetable cases. Design and engineering fees.
Permits and hook-up fees. Contractor’s mark-up.

Commercial Structures Section 105

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 TO BUY THIS COMPLETE REFERENCE GUIDE, GO TO www.Craftsman-Book.com

Supermarkets – Wood and Steel Frame

Estimating Procedure
1. Establish the structure quality class by using the information on page 105.
2. Compute the building floor area. This should include everything within the building exterior walls and all insets outside the
main walls but under the main building roof.
3. Add to or subtract from the square foot cost below the appropriate amount from the Wall Height Adjustment Row
(at the bottom of this page) if the wall height is more or less than 20 feet.
4. Multiply the adjusted square foot cost by the building area.
5. Deduct, if appropriate, for common walls, using the figures at the bottom of this page.
6. Multiply the total cost by the location factor listed on page 7 or 8.
7. Add the cost of heating and cooling equipment, fire sprinklers, exterior signs, yard improvements, loading docks, ramps
and walk-in boxes if they are an integral part of the building. See pages 236 to 248.

E
PL
Supermarket, Class 3

Square Foot Area

M
Quality Class 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 50,000
Exceptional 169.20 159.44 153.56 149.54 146.56 142.40 139.53 137.40 135.80 134.50 132.38
1, Best 161.42 152.10 146.49 142.69 139.86 135.83 133.13 131.13 129.52 128.27 126.32
SA

1&2 148.30 139.80 134.57 131.11 128.48 124.81 122.32 120.48 119.01 117.81 116.05
2, Good 136.09 128.14 123.48 120.21 117.92 114.50 112.22 110.46 109.19 108.09 106.45
2&3 127.12 119.81 115.41 112.41 110.20 107.03 104.90 103.29 102.02 101.05 99.54
3, Average 119.72 112.83 108.65 105.76 103.68 100.75 98.68 97.20 96.05 95.05 93.63
3&4 109.65 103.33 99.52 96.92 94.98 92.28 90.42 89.06 87.97 87.15 85.79
4, Low 98.78 93.09 89.66 87.25 85.54 83.12 81.43 80.18 79.23 78.45 77.27
Wall Height
Adjustment* 1.06 .89 .79 .71 .66 .60 .58 .57 .54 .53 .47

*Wall Height Adjustment: Add or subtract the amount listed in this row to or from the square foot of floor cost for each foot
of wall height more or less than 20 feet.

Perimeter Wall Adjustment: A common wall exists when two buildings share one wall. Adjust for common walls by
deducting the linear foot costs below from the total structure cost. In some structures one or more walls are not owned at all.
In this case, deduct the “No Ownership” cost per linear foot of wall not owned. For common wall, deduct $240 per linear foot.
For no wall ownership, deduct $480 per linear foot.

106 Commercial Structures Section

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Small Food Stores – Masonry Construction

Quality Classification
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4
Best Quality Good Quality Average Quality Low Quality

Foundation Reinforced concrete. Reinforced concrete. Reinforced concrete. Reinforced concrete.

(15% of total cost)
Floor Structure 4" reinforced concrete 4" reinforced concrete 4" reinforced concrete 4" reinforced concrete
(12% of total cost) on 6" rock fill. on 6" rock fill. on 6" rock fill. on 6" rock fill.
Wall Structure 6" concrete tilt-up or 6" concrete tilt-up, colored 6" concrete tilt-up or 8" 6" concrete tilt-up or 8"
(10% of total cost) ornamental block or brick. concrete block or brick. concrete block. concrete block.
Roof Structure Glu-lams or steel “I” Glu-lams or steel “I” Glu-lams, 3" x 12" Glu-lams, 3" x 12"
(10% of total cost) beams on steel interme- beams, 2" x 12" purlins purlins 3' o.c., 1/2" purlins 3' o.c., 1/2"
diate columns, 2" x 12" 16" o.c., 1/2" plywood plywood sheathing. plywood sheathing.
purlins 16" o.c., 1/2" sheathing.
plywood sheathing.
Floor Finish Resilient tile in Composition tile in Minimum grade tile Concrete.
(5% of total cost) sales area. sales area. in sales area.
Interior Wall Paint on inside of Paint on inside of Paint on inside of Paint on inside of
Finish exterior walls, gypsum exterior walls, gypsum exterior walls, gypsum exterior walls, gypsum

E
(7% of total cost) wallboard, texture and wallboard, texture and wallboard and paint wallboard and paint
paint or vinyl wall paint on partitions. on partitions. on partitions.
cover on partitions.
Ceiling Finish
(5% of total cost)
Suspended acoustical
tile or gypsum board
PL Ceiling tile on roof
purlins.
Open. Open.

and acoustical texture.

Front A large amount of float A moderate amount of Painted concrete block Painted concrete
(10% of total cost) glass in good aluminum float glass in average with a small amount of block with small
frames (10'-12' high aluminum frames (8' to float glass in an inex- amount of crystal
M
for 2/3 of width), brick 10' high for 2/3 of pensive aluminum frame glass in wood frames,
or stone veneer on width), exposed aggregate (6' to 8' high for 1/2 of wood and glass
remainder, 1 pair good on remainder, 1 pair width), 6' canopy across doors, small canopy
aluminum and glass average aluminum and front, 6' ground level over entrance, 6'
doors per 3,000 S.F. of glass doors per walk across front. ground level walk at
SA

floor area, 8' canopy 3,000 S.F. of floor area, entrances.

across front, 10' raised 6' canopy across front,
walk across front. 8' raised walk across front.
Exterior Finish Colored block. Paint. Paint. Paint.
(8% of total cost)
Roof Cover 5 ply built-up roofing 4 ply built-up roofing. 4 ply built-up roofing. 4 ply built-up roofing.
(5% of total cost) with tar and rock.
Plumbing 2 rest rooms with 3 1 rest room with 3 1 rest room with 2 1 rest room with 2
(8% of total cost) fixtures each, floor fixtures, floor piping fixtures, floor piping fixtures, floor piping
piping and drains to and drains to and drains to and drains to
refrigerated cases. refrigerated cases. refrigerated cases. refrigerated cases.
Electrical Conduit wiring, 4 tube Conduit wiring, 3 tube Conduit wiring, double Conduit wiring, incan-
(5% of total cost) fluorescent fixtures with fluorescent fixtures, 8' tube fluorescent fixtures, descent fixtures,10'
diffusers, 8' o.c., 5 o.c. 8' o.c. o.c. or single tube
spotlights. fluorescent fixtures,
8' o.c.
Note: Use the percent of total cost to help identify the correct quality classification.
Square foot costs include the following components: Foundations as required for normal soil conditions. Floor, wall, and roof
structures. Interior floor, wall and ceiling finishes. Exterior wall finish and roof cover. Display fronts. Interior partitions. Entry and delivery doors. A
canopy and walk across the front of the building as described in the applicable building specifications. Basic lighting and electrical systems. Rough and
finish plumbing. All plumbing, piping and wiring necessary to operate the usual refrigerated cases and vegetable cases. Design and engineering fees.
Permits and hook-up fees. Contractor’s mark-up.

Commercial Structures Section 107

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Small Food Stores – Masonry Construction

Estimating Procedure
1. Establish the structure quality class by using the information on page 107.
2. Compute the building floor area. This should include everything within the building exterior walls and all insets outside the
main walls but under the main building roof.
3. Add to or subtract from the square foot cost below the appropriate amount from the Wall Height Adjustment Row
(at the bottom of this page) if the wall height is more or less than 12 feet.
4. Multiply the adjusted square foot cost by the building area.
5. Deduct, if appropriate, for common walls, using the figures at the bottom of this page.
6. Multiply the total cost by the location factor listed on page 7 or 8.
7. Add the cost of heating and cooling equipment, fire sprinklers, exterior signs, yard improvements, loading docks, ramps
and walk-in boxes if they are an integral part of the building. See pages 236 to 248.

E
PL
Small Food Store, Class 1 & 2 Small Food Store, Class 2

Square Foot Area

M
Quality Class 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 6,000
1, Best 276.53 209.53 183.20 168.43 158.78 151.90 146.78 142.58 139.24 136.41 131.98
1&2 254.69 193.41 169.33 155.83 146.99 140.68 135.90 132.18 129.03 126.49 122.40
SA

2, Good 234.81 178.82 156.80 144.40 136.30 130.51 126.13 122.64 119.75 117.42 113.68
2&3 221.83 170.11 149.08 137.12 129.20 123.45 119.03 115.55 112.69 110.27 106.43
3, Average 209.56 160.33 140.52 129.29 121.87 116.55 112.51 109.34 106.65 104.41 100.87
3&4 173.53 146.21 131.22 121.53 114.59 109.30 104.94 101.57 98.60 96.09 91.91
4, Low 161.67 135.26 121.23 112.11 105.61 100.68 96.70 93.51 90.74 88.45 84.63
Wall Height
Adjustment* 6.35 4.48 3.65 3.17 2.78 2.62 2.41 2.22 2.10 2.03 1.90

*Wall Height Adjustment: Add or subtract the amount listed in this row to or from the square foot of floor cost for each foot
of wall height more or less than 12 feet.

Perimeter Wall Adjustment: For common wall, deduct $187 per linear foot. For no wall ownership, deduct $369 per linear
foot.

108 Commercial Structures Section

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Small Food Stores – Wood Frame Construction

Quality Classification
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4
Best Quality Good Quality Average Quality Low Quality

Foundation Reinforced concrete. Reinforced concrete. Reinforced concrete. Reinforced concrete.

(15% of total cost)

Floor Structure 4" reinforced concrete 4" reinforced concrete 4" reinforced concrete 4" reinforced concrete
(12% of total cost) on 6" rock fill. on 6" rock fill. on 6" rock fill. on 6" rock fill.
Wall Structure 2" x 6" - 16" o.c. 2" x 6" - 16" o.c. 2" x 4" - 16" o.c. 2" x 4" - 16" o.c.
(10% of total cost)
Roof Structure Glu-lams or steel “I” Glu-lams or steel “I” Glu-lams, or steel “I” Glu-lams, 3" x 12"
(10% of total cost) beams on steel interme- beams on steel inter- beams, 3" x 12" purlins purlins 3' o.c. 1/2"
diate columns, 2" x 12" mediate columns, 2" x 3' o.c., 1/2" plywood plywood sheathing.
purlins 16" o.c., 1/2" 12" purlins 16" o.c., 1/2" sheathing.
plywood sheathing. plywood sheathing.
Floor Finish Resilient tile in Resilient tile in Inexpensive composition Concrete.
(5% of total cost) sales area. sales area. tile in sales area.
Interior Wall Gypsum wallboard, texture Gypsum wallboard, texture Gypsum wallboard and Gypsum wallboard and
Finish and paint or vinyl and paint on inside paint on inside of paint on inside of

E
(7% of total cost) wall cover on inside of of exterior walls, and on exterior walls, and on exterior walls and on
exterior walls, and on partitions. partitions. partitions.
partitions.
Ceiling Finish
(5% of total cost)
Suspended acoustical
tile or gypsum board
PL Ceiling tile on roof
purlins.
Open. Open.

and acoustical texture.

Front A large amount of float A moderate amount of Painted stucco with a Stucco with small
(10% of total cost) glass in good aluminum float glass in average small amount of float amount of crystal
frames (10'-12' high quality aluminum frames glass in an inexpensive glass in wood
M
for 2/3 of width), brick (8' to 10' high for 2/3 of aluminum frame (6' to frames, wood and
or stone veneer on width), ornamental 8' high for 1/2 of width) glass doors, small
remainder, 1 pair good concrete block on remainder, 6' canopy across front. canopy over entrance,
aluminum and glass 1 pair average aluminum 6' ground level walk 6' ground level
doors per 3,000 S.F. of and glass doors per across front. walk at entrances.
SA

floor area, 8' canopy 3,000 S.F. of floor

across front, 10' raised area, 6' canopy across
walk across front. front, 8' raised walk
across front.
Exterior Finish Stucco and paint or Stucco and paint. Stucco. Stucco.
(8% of total cost) wood siding.
Roof Cover 5 ply built-up roofing 4 ply built-up roofing. 4 ply built-up roofing. 4 ply built-up roofing.
(5% of total cost) with tar and rock.
Plumbing 2 rest rooms with 3 fixtures 1 rest room with 3 1 rest room with 2 1 rest room with 2 fix-
(8% of total cost) each, floor piping and fixtures, floor piping and fixtures, floor piping and tures, floor piping and
drains to refrigerated drains to refrigerated drains to refrigerated drains to refrigerated
cases. cases. cases. cases.
Electrical Conduit wiring, 4 tube Conduit wiring, 3 tube Conduit wiring, double Conduit wiring, incan-
(5% of total cost) fluorescent fixtures with fluorescent fixtures, 8' tube fluorescent fixtures, descent fixtures, 10' o.c.
diffusers, 8' o.c., 5 o.c. 8' o.c. or single tube fluores-
spotlights. cent fixtures, 8' o.c.
Note: Use the percent of total cost to help identify the correct quality classification.
Square foot costs include the following components: Foundations as required for normal soil conditions. Floor, wall, and roof
structures. Interior floor, wall and ceiling finishes. Exterior wall finish and roof cover. Display fronts. Interior partitions. Entry and delivery doors. A
canopy and walk across the front of the building as described in the applicable building specifications. Basic lighting and electrical systems. Rough and
finish plumbing. All plumbing, piping and wiring necessary to operate the usual refrigerated cases and vegetable cases. Design and engineering fees.
Permits and hook-up fees. Contractor’s mark-up.

Commercial Structures Section 109

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Theaters – Wood Frame

Length Less Than Twice Width

Estimating Procedure
1. Establish the structure quality class by applying the information on page 191.
2. Compute the building floor area. This should include everything within the main walls and all insets outside the main walls
but under the main roof.
3. Add to or subtract from the square foot cost below the appropriate amount from the Wall Height Adjustment Table on
page 195 if the wall height is more or less than 20 feet.
4. Multiply the adjusted square foot cost by the building floor area.
5. Deduct, if appropriate, for common walls, using the figures on page 195.
6. Multiply the total cost by the location factor listed on page 7 or 8.
7. Add the cost of heating and air conditioning systems, fire extinguishers, exterior signs, paving and curbing. See the
section beginning on page 236.

E
PL
M
Theater, Class 4 Front, Class 3 Rear
SA

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 3,000 3,500 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 15,000 20,000
1, Best 138.31 133.92 130.50 125.47 122.07 119.38 117.36 114.33 112.25 109.95 107.44
1&2 134.00 129.73 126.38 121.59 118.21 115.62 113.63 110.72 108.67 106.45 104.02
2, Good 132.19 128.00 124.74 119.98 116.59 114.11 112.18 109.29 107.19 105.05 102.68
2&3 127.99 123.90 120.71 116.21 112.86 110.46 108.58 105.75 103.74 101.66 99.35
3, Average 125.35 121.43 118.31 113.80 110.57 108.24 106.39 103.66 101.68 99.65 97.41
3&4 121.61 117.79 114.75 110.43 107.29 105.00 103.17 100.55 98.63 96.63 94.45
4, Low 118.12 114.37 111.48 107.14 104.18 101.95 100.20 97.59 95.79 93.85 91.74

192 Commercial Structures Section

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Theaters – Wood Frame

Length Between 2 and 4 Times Width

Estimating Procedure
1. Establish the structure quality class by applying the information on page 191.
2. Compute the building floor area. This should include everything within the main walls and all insets outside the main walls
but under the main roof.
3. Add to or subtract from the square foot cost below the appropriate amount from the Wall Height Adjustment Table on
page 195 if the wall height is more or less than 20 feet.
4. Multiply the adjusted square foot cost by the building floor area.
5. Deduct, if appropriate, for common walls, using the figures on page 195.
6. Multiply the total cost by the location factor listed on page 7 or 8.
7. Add the cost of heating and air conditioning systems, fire extinguishers, exterior signs, paving and curbing. See the
section beginning on page 236.

E
PL
Theater, Class 3
M

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 3,000 3,500 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 15,000 20,000
SA

1, Best 147.39 142.77 139.09 133.74 130.05 127.22 125.04 121.79 119.50 117.08 114.41
1&2 142.67 138.16 134.67 129.52 125.87 123.15 121.02 117.87 115.67 113.32 110.73
2, Good 140.74 136.26 132.76 127.72 124.13 121.44 119.35 116.26 114.08 111.73 109.24
2&3 136.17 131.83 128.45 123.55 120.07 117.52 115.50 112.50 110.38 108.09 105.65
3, Average 133.59 129.34 126.07 121.24 117.82 115.30 113.33 110.43 108.30 106.07 103.69
3&4 129.53 125.38 121.08 117.34 114.23 111.79 109.83 107.01 105.05 102.78 100.55
4, Low 125.54 121.59 118.49 113.92 110.72 108.35 106.49 103.72 101.73 99.71 97.45

Commercial Structures Section 193

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Theaters – Wood Frame

Length More Than 4 Times Width

Estimating Procedure
1. Establish the structure quality class by applying the information on page 191.
2. Compute the building floor area. This should include everything within the main walls and all insets outside the main walls
but under the main roof.
3. Add to or subtract from the square foot cost below the appropriate amount from the Wall Height Adjustment Table on
page 195 if the wall height is more or less than 20 feet.
4. Multiply the adjusted square foot cost by the building floor area.
5. Deduct, if appropriate, for common walls, using the figures on page 195.
6. Multiply the total cost by the location factor listed on page 7 or 8.
7. Add the cost of heating and air conditioning systems, fire extinguishers, exterior signs, paving and curbing. See the
section beginning on page 236.

E
PL
Theater, Class 3
M
SA

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 3,000 3,500 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 15,000 20,000
1, Best 156.79 151.76 147.93 142.28 138.28 135.28 132.91 129.57 127.11 124.54 121.64
1&2 151.80 147.02 143.25 137.75 133.93 131.09 128.80 125.47 123.14 120.61 117.87
2, Good 149.83 145.06 141.35 135.98 132.15 129.33 127.11 123.83 121.46 119.07 116.37
2&3 145.04 140.41 136.89 131.61 127.94 125.21 123.02 119.83 117.67 115.26 112.64
3, Average 142.34 137.75 134.27 129.14 125.57 122.83 120.70 117.67 115.43 113.05 110.50
3&4 137.91 133.53 130.13 125.16 121.64 119.07 117.00 113.92 111.83 109.51 107.07
4, Low 134.71 130.41 127.11 122.29 118.88 116.27 114.28 111.40 109.29 107.03 104.59

194 Commercial Structures Section

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Service Garage – Masonry or Concrete

Quality Classification
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4
Best Quality Good Quality Average Quality Low Quality

Foundation Reinforced concrete or Reinforced concrete or Reinforced concrete or Unreinforced concrete

(25% of total cost) masonry. masonry. masonry. or masonry.
Floor Structure 6" rock fill, 4" concrete 6" rock fill, 4" concrete 4" rock fill, 4" concrete Unreinforced 4"
(15% of total cost) with reinforcing mesh. with reinforcing mesh. with reinforcing mesh. concrete.
Walls 8" reinforced concrete 8" reinforced concrete 8" reinforced concrete 8" unreinforced
(15% of total cost) block, 12" common brick. block, 6" reinforced block, 6" reinforced concrete block or 8"
concrete. concrete or 8" common brick. clay tile.
Roof Structure Glu-lams or steel trusses Glu-lams or steel trusses Glu-lams or wood trusses Glu-lams or light wood
(12% of total cost) on heavy pilasters 20' o.c. on pilasters 20' o.c., 2" x 10" with 2" x 8" purlins 16" trusses, 2" x 8" rafters
2" x 10" purlins 16" o.c. purlins 16" o.c. o.c. 24" o.c.
Roof Cover 5 ply built-up roof on 4 ply built-up roof on 4 ply built-up roof on 4 ply built-up roof on
(8% of total cost) wood sheathing, with wood sheathing, with wood sheathing. wood sheathing.
small rock. small rock.
Restrooms Two rest rooms with three Two rest rooms with two One rest room with two One rest room with
(10% of total cost) average fixtures each. average fixtures each. low cost fixtures. two low cost fixtures.

E
Lighting One incandescent fixture One incandescent fixture One incandescent fixture One incandescent
(10% of total cost) per 300 square feet of per 300 square feet of per 300 square feet of fixture per 300 square
floor area. floor area. floor area. feet of floor area.

Windows 3% to 5% of wall area.

PL
3% to 5% of wall area. 3% to 5% of wall area. 3% to 5% of wall area.
(5% of total cost)

Note: Use the percent of total cost to help identify the correct quality classification.
Square foot costs include the cost of the following components: Foundations as required for normal soil conditions. Floor, wall
M
and roof structures. Exterior wall finish and roof cover. Entry doors. Basic lighting and electrical systems. Rough and finish plumbing. Permits and fees.
Contractor’s mark-up.
The in-place cost of these extra components should be added to the basic building cost to arrive at the total
SA

structure cost. See page 236 to 248. Heating and air conditioning systems. Fire sprinklers. Interior finish costs. Interior partitions. Drive-
through doors. Canopies and walks. Exterior signs. Paving and curbing. Miscellaneous yard improvements. Hoists, gas pump and compressor costs are
listed in the section “Additional Costs for Service Stations” beginning on page 204.

208 Commercial Structures Section

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Service Garage – Masonry or Concrete

Length Less Than Twice Width

Estimating Procedure
1. Use these figures to estimate buildings designed primarily for motor vehicle repair. Sales area should be figured
separately. Use the costs for urban stores beginning on page 75.
2. Establish the building quality class by applying the information on page 208.
3. Compute the floor area.
4. If the wall height is more or less than 18 feet, add to or subtract from the square foot costs below the appropriate amount
from the Wall Height Adjustment Table on page 212.
5. Multiply the adjusted square foot cost by the floor area.
6. Deduct for common walls or no wall ownership. Use the figures on page 212.
7. Multiply the total cost by the location factor on page 7 or 8.
8. Add the cost of heating and air conditioning systems, fire sprinklers, interior finish and partitions, drive-thru doors,
canopies and walks, exterior signs, paving, curbing, and yard improvements. See page 236 to 248. Add the cost of
hoists, pumps and compressors beginning on page 204.

E
PL
M
SA

Service Garage (rear portion), Class 2

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 2,000 2,500 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 20,000 30,000
1, Best 77.58 70.45 65.40 58.64 54.18 51.03 47.59 43.86 39.67 37.19 34.44
1&2 74.47 67.68 62.75 56.28 52.00 48.94 45.71 42.19 38.07 35.73 33.02
2, Good 72.94 66.26 61.49 55.11 50.93 47.92 44.76 41.29 37.24 34.98 32.36
2&3 69.38 63.06 58.52 52.46 48.49 45.65 42.63 39.27 35.48 33.34 30.79
3, Average 67.41 61.21 56.79 50.92 47.04 44.29 41.36 38.09 34.43 32.33 29.90
3&4 63.77 57.87 53.70 48.15 44.52 41.93 39.13 36.05 32.52 30.52 28.25
4, Low 60.38 54.89 50.94 45.71 42.23 39.71 37.06 34.21 30.89 28.97 26.83

Commercial Structures Section 209

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Alternate Costs for Steel Buildings

These costs are to be added to the basic building cost

Skylights, Polycarbonate, with curb Partitions, Interior, 26 gauge steel, cost per
square foot of partition with two sides finished
2' x 2' 4' x 4' 4' x 8'
Single dome $170 $449 $566 Painted drywall finish $4.06
Double dome 202 510 657 Painted plywood, fire retardant 5.93
Triple dome 250 588 951
Double, ventilating 486 834 1,082

Ventilators, round type, includes screen (gravity type), cost each

Stationary Rotary
Diameter Galvanized Colored Aluminum Galvanized Colored Aluminum
12" $230 $249 $411 $366 $411 $517
16" 321 335 480 458 502 641
20" 386 410 550 559 589 730
24" 417 441 611 624 662 834

Ventilators, ridge type, includes screen and damper

E
Throat Size 4" 9" 12" 14"
Cost per linear foot, galvanized $62 $91 $116 $134
Cost per linear foot, colored 64 101 125 144
PL
Ventilator-Dampers, cost each Continuous Ridge Ventilator, includes
Diameter 12" 16" 20" 24" screen and damper, cost per 10 foot unit
M
Damper only $85 $115 $120 $139 Size & First 10' Each Additional 10'
Dampers with Type Galvanized Color Galvanized Color
cords and pulleys 169 212 261 301 9" throat $878 $1,004 $828 $931
10" throat 1,004 1,105 893 1,004
12" throat 647 1,448 1,190 1,260
SA

Steel Sliding Windows, includes glass and

screens, cost per window
Smoke and Heat Vents, automatic control,
3' x 2'6" $436 cost per 10 foot unit
6' x 2'6" 539
6' x 3'8" 623 Size & First 10' Each Additional 10'
Type Galvanized Color Galvanized Color

Aluminum Industrial Windows, includes 9" ridge

mounted $3,233 $3,417 $2,672 $2,744
glass and screens, cost per window
9" slope
Size and Type Project Out Fixed mounted 3,335 3,580 2,744 2,876
3' x 2'6" $424 $310
2' x 2'8" 454 340 Add for operators:
6' x 2'6" 628 416 One or two 10 foot sections Add $107.00
6' x 3'8" 761 529 Two to seven 10 foot sections Add $224.00

Aluminum Sliding Windows, includes glass and screens, cost per window
Height
Width 2' 2'6" 3' 3'6" 4'
2' $323 $353 $360 $380 $402
3' 353 375 379 402 416
4' — 394 416 416 463
5' — 417 432 530 549
6' — 461 530 571 614
If window is fixed, deduct $5.55 per window. For mullions add $11.00 each.

234 Industrial Structures Section

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Commercial, Industrial, and Public Structures

Typical Physical Lives in Years by Quality Class

Masonry or Concrete Wood or Wood and Steel Frame
Building Type 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5
Public Buildings 70 70 70 60 60 60 70 60 60 60 –
Urban Stores 70 70 70 60 60 60 70 60 60 60 –
Suburban Stores 70 60 60 60 60 – 60 50 50 45 –
Supermarkets 70 60 60 60 – – 60 50 50 45 –
Small Food Stores 60 60 60 60 – – 50 50 45 45 –
Discount Houses 70 60 60 60 – – 60 50 50 45 –
Banks and Savings Offices 70 70 70 60 60 – 60 60 60 50 50
Department Stores 70 60 60 60 – – 60 50 50 45 –
General Office Buildings 60 60 60 60 – – 60 50 50 45 –
Medical-Dental Buildings 60 60 60 50 – – 60 50 50 45 –
Convalescent Hospitals 60 60 60 50 – – 55 50 50 45 –
Funeral Homes 70 70 70 60 60 – 60 60 60 50 50
Restaurants 70 60 60 60 – – 60 50 50 45 –
Theaters 50 50 50 50 – – 50 45 45 40 –
Service Garages 60 60 50 50 – – 45 45 40 40 –
Auto Service Centers 50 50 45 45 – – – – – – –
Warehouses 55 55 50 50 – – – – – – –
Light Industrial Buildings 55 55 50 50 – – – – – – –
Factory Buildings 40 40 35 35 – – – – – – –
Service Stations located on main highways or in high land value areas can be expected to become obsolete in 20 years. Other service
stations can be expected to become obsolete in 25 years. Reinforced Concrete Department Stores have a typical physical life of 80 years for
class one structures and 70 years for lower quality class structures. Steel Buildings have a typical physical life of 50 years

E
Normal Percent Good Table
Average Life in Years
20 Years 25 Years 30 Years 35 Years
PL 40 Years 45 Years 50 Years 55 Years 60 Years 70 Years
Rem. % Rem. % Rem. % Rem. % Rem. % Rem. %Rem. % Rem. % Rem. % Rem. %
Age Life Good Life Good Life Good Life Good Age Life Good Life Good Life Good Life Good Age Life Good Life Good
0 20 100 25 100 30 100 35 100 0 40 100 45 100 50 100 55 100 0 60 100 70 100
1 19 95 24 97 29 98 34 99 2 38 98 43 99 48 99 53 99 2 58 99 68 99
2 18 90 23 93 28 96 33 97 4 36 96 41 97 46 98 51 98 4 56 99 66 99
M
3 17 85 22 90 27 93 32 95 6 34 93 39 95 44 97 49 97 6 54 98 64 99
4 16 79 21 86 26 90 31 93 8 32 90 37 93 42 95 47 96 8 52 97 62 98
5 15 73 20 82 25 88 30 91 10 30 86 35 90 40 93 45 95 10 50 96 60 98
6 14 67 19 78 24 85 29 89 12 28 82 33 87 38 91 43 94 12 48 95 58 97
7 13 61 18 74 23 82 28 87 14 26 78 31 84 36 88 41 92 14 46 94 56 96
8 12 56 17 70 22 79 27 85 16 24 73 29 81 34 85 39 90 16 44 93 54 96
SA

9 11 51 16 65 21 75 26 83 18 22 68 27 77 32 82 37 88 18 42 92 52 95
10 10 49 15 60 20 72 25 80 20 20 63 25 73 30 80 35 86 20 40 89 50 94
11 9 48 14 56 19 68 24 78 22 18 58 23 69 28 77 33 83 22 38 87 48 93
12 9 46 13 52 18 65 23 75 24 17 53 21 65 26 73 31 80 24 36 85 46 92
13 8 44 12 50 17 61 22 72 26 15 50 20 60 24 69 29 77 26 34 83 45 91
14 7 43 11 48 16 58 21 69 28 14 48 18 55 23 65 27 74 28 32 81 42 89
15 6 43 10 47 15 54 20 66 30 13 47 17 50 21 61 26 71 30 30 78 40 87
16 6 41 9 46 14 50 19 63 32 11 45 15 49 20 57 24 67 32 29 75 39 85
17 5 39 8 45 13 49 18 60 34 10 44 14 48 18 53 22 63 34 27 72 37 83
18 5 38 8 44 12 48 17 57 36 9 43 13 47 17 50 21 59 36 25 69 35 81
19 5 37 7 43 12 47 16 54 38 8 42 12 46 16 48 19 55 38 24 66 33 79
20 4 35 7 42 11 47 15 51 40 8 40 11 44 14 47 18 52 40 22 63 31 76
21 4 34 6 41 11 46 14 50 42 7 39 10 43 13 46 17 50 42 21 60 30 73
22 4 33 6 40 10 45 13 49 44 6 38 9 42 12 45 16 49 44 20 56 29 70
23 3 32 5 39 10 44 13 48 46 6 36 8 41 11 44 15 48 46 18 52 27 67
24 3 30 5 38 9 43 12 47 49 5 35 7 40 10 43 14 47 48 17 49 26 64
25 3 29 5 37 9 43 12 47 50 5 34 7 38 10 42 13 45 50 16 48 25 61
26 3 28 4 36 8 42 11 46 52 4 32 6 37 9 41 12 44 52 15 47 23 58
27 2 27 4 35 8 41 11 45 54 4 31 6 36 8 40 11 43 54 14 46 22 56
28 2 25 4 34 7 40 10 44 56 3 30 5 35 8 39 10 42 56 13 46 21 54
29 2 24 4 33 7 39 10 43 58 3 29 5 34 7 38 9 41 58 12 45 20 52
30 2 22 3 32 6 38 9 43 60 3 27 4 32 7 37 9 40 60 11 44 19 50
31 2 21 3 31 6 37 9 42 62 2 26 4 31 6 36 8 39 64 10 42 17 48
32 1 20 3 30 5 36 8 42 64 2 25 4 30 6 35 8 38 68 9 40 15 46
33 – – 3 29 5 35 8 41 66 2 24 3 29 5 34 7 37 72 8 38 13 44
34 – – 3 28 5 35 7 40 68 2 22 3 28 5 33 7 36 76 7 36 12 43
35 – – 2 27 5 34 7 39 70 2 21 3 27 4 32 6 36 80 6 35 11 41
36 – – 2 26 4 33 6 38 72 1 20 3 25 4 31 6 35 86 5 32 9 39
38 – – 2 24 4 32 6 37 74 – – 2 24 4 30 5 34 92 4 29 8 36
40 – – 2 22 3 30 5 36 76 – – 2 23 3 28 5 32 100 3 25 6 33
42 – – 1 20 3 28 5 34 82 – – 1 20 3 26 4 30 108 2 22 4 29
45 – – – – 2 26 4 32 84 – – – – 2 24 4 29 112 1 20 3 27
48 – – – – 2 23 3 30 88 – – – – 2 22 3 27 122 – – 2 24
52 – – – – 1 20 3 27 92 – – – – 1 20 2 25 130 – – 1 20
56 – – – – – – 2 24 96 – – – – – – 2 23
62 – – – – – – 1 20 102 – – – – – – 1 20

Commercial, Industrial, and Public Structures 235

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Additional Costs for

Commercial, Industrial, and Public Structures

Section Contents
Additional Structure Costs 237
Basements 237
Communications Systems 237
Public Address Systems 237
Burglar Alarms 237
Canopies 237
Docks 237
Doors 238
Draperies 238
Dumbwaiters 238
Elevators 238
Escalators 238
Fill 239
Fire Escapes 239
Fire Extinguishers 239
Fire Sprinklers 239
Fireplaces 239

E
Heating and Cooling Systems 239
Kitchen Equipment 240
Mezzanines 240
Partitions
PL 240
Pneumatic Tube Systems 240
Seating 240
Skylights 240
Ventilators 241
Walk-in Boxes 242
M
Material Handling Systems 242
Display Fronts 242
Display Front Illustrations 243
SA

Display Front Classification and Costs 244

Bulkhead Walls 245
Ceiling 245
Entrances 245
Glass 245
Lighting 245
Platforms 245
Wall Finish 245
Satellite Receiver Systems 245
Signs 246
Post Mounting Costs 246
Rotators 247
Yard Improvements 247
Asphaltic Concrete Paving 247
Concrete Paving 247
Curbs 247
Gates 247
Striping 247
Lighting 248
Chain Link Fences 248
Wood Fences 248
Drainage Items 248

236 Additional Costs for Commercial, Industrial, and Public Structures

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Additional Structure Costs

Basements
Cost includes concrete floor and walls, open ceiling, minimum lighting, no plumbing, and no wall finish. Cost per square foot
of floor at 12' wall height.

Area 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 20,000
Cost 58.19 52.12 45.41 41.14 40.08 34.85 33.70 32.56 28.61 27.35 25.71
Add or subtract the amount listed in the table below to or from the square foot of floor cost for each foot of wall height more
or less than 12 feet.
Wall Height Adjustment
Square Foot Area
Area 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 20,000
Cost 3.90 2.86 2.53 2.06 1.69 1.55 1.45 1.12 .92 .71 .67

Canopies, per S.F. of canopy area

Light frame, flat roof underside, plywood and paint or cheap stucco supported
by wood or light steel posts, 4" to 6" wood fascia. $20.09 to $21.62

E
Average frame, underside of good stucco, flat roof, cantilevered from building or
supported by steel posts, 6" to 12" metal fascia. $22.43 to $30.38
Same as above but with sloping shake or tile roof. $23.44 to $32.70
Corrugated metal on steel frame.
PL $20.29 to $30.38

Canopy Lights, per S.F. based on one row of Intercommunication Systems

M
lights for 5' canopy Master control, base cost $1,896 to $5,708
Recessed spots (1 each 6 linear feet) $3.24 Cost per station 145 to 217
Single tube fluorescent 5.95 Nurses call system, per station 217 to 397
Double tube fluorescent 8.34
SA

Security Systems
Public Address Systems, speakers Control panel $155 to $309
attached to building. No conduit included. Each door or window secured 31 to 69
Heat detectors, each 10 to 51
Base cost, master control $904 to $1,757 Smoke detectors, each 20 to 101
Per indoor speaker 188 Motion detectors, each 20 to 41
Per outdoor speaker 376

Sound Systems, cost per unit Loading Ramps, cost per S.F. of ramp
Voice only, per unit $101 to $171 Size
Music (add to above), small units 101 to 131 Under 300 S.F. $9.65
Music (add to above), large units 131 to 394 Over 300 S.F. 9.25
Larger installations cost the least per unit.

Dock Levelers and Lifts, cost each

Docks for unloading trucks. Cost per S.F. Dock leveler, manual $7,802
of dock at 4' height Dock leveler, mechanical 3,798
Powered platform dock leveler
LxW 10' 20' 30' 50' 100' 200' 6' x 6' recessed 3,386
5' 35.21 31.29 28.53 25.77 23.87 22.17 6' x 8' recessed 3,829
10' 31.29 27.15 23.75 21.32 19.73 19.09 Electro-hydraulic, pit recessed scissor lift
15' 27.47 23.02 20.36 17.61 16.33 15.16 5,000 lb. capacity, 6' x 8' 10,144
20' 24.60 19.73 17.07 15.80 14.74 13.89 10,000 lb. capacity, 8' x 10' 17,934
Cost includes compacted fill, three concrete walls, 20,000 lb. capacity, 8' x 12' 29,607
concrete floor, and rock base.

Additional Costs for Commercial, Industrial, and Public Structures 237

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Additional Structure Costs

Doors, with hardware Roll-Up Metal Warehouse Door with
Exterior, commercial, cost per door chain operator, cost each
Glass in wood (3' x 7') $943 to $1,474 10' x 10' $2,677
1/4" plate in aluminum (3' x 7') 1,525 to 2,473 12' x 12' 3,553
Automatic, tempered glass (3' x 7') 7,253 to 11,023 14' x 14' 3,900
Residential type (3' x 7') 359 to 660 Fusible link (add to above) 580
Interior, commercial and industrial, cost per S.F. Motor controlled (add to above) 293
Hollow core wood $15.25 to $15.97
Solid wood 15.35 to 19.88
Hollow core metal 33.48 to 39.63 Draperies, cost per square yard of opening
Fire, cost per S.F.
Hollow metal, 1-3/4" $52.82 to $69.99 54" high 68" high 96" high
Metal clad, rolling 43.23 to 70.80 Minimum $22.90 $23.00 $25.80
Metal clad, swinging 61.81 to 88.38 Good quality 51.60 52.80 61.80
Better quality 62.90 68.80 84.50

Elevators, Freight, Electric, car and

equipment, per shaft, car speed in feet per minute,
2 stop Escalators, cost per flight up or down
Capacity 50 to 75 100 to 150 200 Total Rise 32" W 40" W 48" W
2,500 lbs $63,276 — — 10' to 13' $136,990 $140,080 $152,440
3,000 66,780 $76,500 $88,455 14' 141,110 147,290 159,650
3,500 80,240 80,189 90,040 15' 146,260 153,470 165,830

E
4,000 74,935 83,430 96,450 16' 150,380 163,770 165,830
5,000 80,140 91,470 103,232 17' 156,560 165,830 168,920
6,000 88,330 100,110 111,300 18' 159,650 170,980 168,920
8,000 100,050 111,440 126,495 19' 164,800 172,010 169,950
10,000 114,902 126,445 144,990
PL 20' 170,980 177,160 175,100
For manual doors, add $5,560 for each stop. For power 21' 176,130 179,220 179,220
operated doors, add $8,430 for each additional stop. Add for glass side enclosure: $15,219 - $17,923.
Add $8,430 per car for self-leveling cars. Add for double
center opening doors, per stop $355. Add for deluxe cab
(raised panel, interior, drop ceiling) $4,220.
Dumbwaiters, includes door, traction type
M
Add’l.
Elevators, Freight, 1st Two Stops Stops
Hydraulic, 100 F.P.M. Hand operated, 25 fpm (no doors)
SA

Shaft, car, machinery 25 lb. $2,420 to $4,410 $1,840

2,500 lb. capacity $59,940 75 lb. 3,260 to 5,460 1,840
6,000 lb. capacity 100,800 Electrical, with machinery above, floor loading
Cost per stop
Manual doors 9,500 100 lb., 50 fpm $9,100 to $14,590 $3,470
Automatic doors 21,000 300 lb., 50 fpm 9,460 to 14,560 3,470
500 lb., 50 fpm 9,950 to 15,770 3,470
500 lb., 100 fpm 14,560 to 23,500 (5 stop)

Elevators, Passenger, Electric, car and machinery cost, per shaft*

Capacity 200 F.P.M., 5 Stops 350 F.P.M., 5 Stops 500 F.P.M., 5 Stops
2,000 lbs. $123,900 $110,500 $237,000
2,500 lbs. 127,300 117,800 244,900
3,000 lbs. 128,620 125,900 247,100
3,500 lbs. 129,330 132,360 248,600
4,000 lbs. 130,130 140,210 251,900
4,000 lbs (Hospital) 131,800 143,900 259,000
*Add for each additional stop: 200 or 350 F.P.M. units, $7,180; 500 F.P.M. units, $11,816. Deduct for multi-shaft
applications, $3,393 to $7,180 per additional shaft. Add for rear-opening door: $10,200 to base cost, plus $7,360 per door.

238 Additional Costs for Commercial, Industrial, and Public Structures

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Additional Structure Costs

Fill, compacted under raised floor, includes Fireplace
perimeter retaining wall but not slab, per C.F. 1 Story 2 Story
Up to 10,000 S.F. $1.06 to $1.70 Freestanding wood burning heat
Over 10,000 to 50,000 S.F .90 to 1.32 circulating prefab fireplace, with
interior flue, base and cap. $1,662 —

Zero-clearance, insulated prefab

metal fireplace, brick face. 2,376 $3,132
Fire Extinguishers, cost each
5' base, common brick,
Fire hose and cabinet $371 to $733 on interior face. 3,162 3,550
Extinguisher cabinets 98 to 216
Extinguishers, chemical 78 to 192 6' base, common brick, used brick,
Extinguishers, carbon dioxide 221 to 436 face brick or natural stone on interior
face with average wood mantle. 4,930 5,284

8' base, common brick, used brick

or natural stone on interior face,
Fire Escapes raised hearth. 6,8890 7,730
Type Unit Cost
Second story Each $4,222 to $5,767
Additional floors Per story 2,485 to 3,727
Electric Heating Units

E
Baseboard, per linear foot $15.75 to $31.50
Add for thermostat 42.00
Cable in ceiling, per S.F. 2.38 to 3.06
Fire Sprinklers, cost per S.F. Wall heaters, per K.W. 52.50 to 105.00
of area served
PL
Wet Pipe System
Area Normal Special* Heating and Cooling Systems
to 2,000 $4.53 $5.60
2,001 to 4,000 3.15 4.53 Cost per S.F. of Floor Area**
4,001 to 10,000 2.79 3.85 Heating
M
Over 10,000 2.45 3.53 Type and Use Heating Only & Cooling
Dry Pipe System Elementary schools $7.43 to $11.54 $13.45 to $21.04
Area Normal Special* Secondary schools 7.95 to 12.32 14.46 to 22.42
to 2,000 $4.90 $5.94 Government offices 12.87 to 19.98 23.44 to 36.28
SA

2,001 to 4,000 3.15 4.27 Libraries 8.80 to 16.05 16.05 to 24.72

4,001 to 10,000 3.02 4.20 Fire stations 7.79 to 14.13 12.24 to 19.03
Over 10,000 2.79 3.84 Urban stores 4.90 to 7.58 8.91 to 13.81
Suburban stores 3.92 to 6.06 7.11 to 11.06
Costs include normal installation, service lines, permit and
Small food stores 4.16 to 6.47 7.58 to 11.74
valves.
Supermarkets 4.87 to 7.52 8.87 to 13.72
Discount houses 3.59 to 5.60 6.54 to 10.19
*Special hazard systems are custom engineered to meet
Bank and savings 6.56 to 10.18 11.89 to 18.43
code or insurance requirements and are usually so
Department stores 4.60 to 7.12 8.37 to 13.00
identified by a metal plate attached to the riser.
Reinforced concrete 5.79 to 8.99 10.57 to 16.36
General offices
Forced air 5.73 to 8.90 10.44 to 16.20
Hot & chilled water — 12.07 to 18.74
Medical-Dental
Overhead Suspended Heaters, per unit Forced air 6.23 to 9.69 11.34 to 17.69
Hot & chilled water — 12.78 to 19.90
25 MBTU $1,091 to $1,318
Convalescent hospitals
50 1,270 to 1,410 Forced air 5.79 to 8.99 10.57 to 16.35
75 1,410 to 1,555 Hot & chilled water — 12.42 to 19.29
100 1,609 to 1,830 Funeral homes 8.35 to 12.90 15.16 to 23.45
150 1,968 to 2,111 Ecclesiastic buildings 6.44 to 10.01 11.71 to 18.04
200 2,272 to 2,379 Restaurants 8.59 to 13.36 15.75 to 24.31
Theaters 5.75 to 8.94 10.49 to 16.25
250 2,510 to 2,545
Industrial buildings 2.48 to 6.17 —
Interior offices 2.82 to 3.95 5.11 to 7.95

**Use the higher figures where more heating and cooling

density is required.

Additional Costs for Commercial, Industrial, and Public Structures 239

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Additional Structure Costs

Kitchen Equipment, cost per linear foot of Partitions, cost per S.F. of surface
stainless steel fixture Gypsum on wood frame, (finished both sides)
Work tables $837 to $1,017 2" x 4" wood studs, 24" on center with 1/2"
Serving fixtures 347 to 1,939 gypsum board, taped, textures and painted. $5.82
Plaster on wood frame (finished both sides)
2" x 4" wood studs, 24" on center with 2 coats
Mezzanines, cost per S.F. of floor plaster over gypsum lath, painted with primer
Unfinished (min. lighting and plumbing) 2.60 to 31.10 and 1 coat enamel. $10.80
Store mezzanines 43.10 to 54.70
Office mezzanines (without partitions) 46.60 to 60.50
Office mezzanines (with partitions) 60.50 to 95.00 Pneumatic Tube Systems
Costs include floor system, floor finish, stairways, lighting, Twin tube, two station system
and partitions where applicable. 2-1/4" round, 500 to 1,500 feet $19,988 to $36,360
3" round, 500 to 1,500 feet 20,604 to 39,663
4" round, 500 to 1,500 feet 21,432 to 45,743
Seating, cost per seat space 4" x 7" oval, 500 to 1,500 feet 34,098 to 56,762

Theater, economy $168 Automatic System, twin tube, cost per station
Theater, lodge 308 4" round, 500 to 1,500 feet $25,452 to $33,795
Pews, bench type 81 4" x 7" oval, 500 to 1,500 feet 34,098 to 36,885
Pews, seat type 113

E
Skylights, Plastic Rectangular Domes, cost per unit
Single Plastic Panel Double Plastic Panel
Skylight
PL
With 4" or 9" Skylight With 4" or 9"
Size Only Insulated Curb Only Insulated Curb
16" x 16" $191 $324 $232 $342
16" x 24" 217 367 262 359
16" x 48" 248 423 342 508
24" x 24" 248 393 367 387
M
24" x 32" 262 423 401 508
24" x 48" 306 479 423 576
28" x 92" 522 774 825 956
32" x 32" 262 423 367 508
SA

32" x 48" 354 492 470 584

32" x 72" 449 697 766 884
39" x 39" 367 492 492 578
39" x 77" 548 774 956 1,026
40" x 61" 508 697 766 1,041
48" x 48" 393 576 576 710
48" x 64" 548 858 858 1,026
48" x 72" 635 987 987 1,160
48" x 92" 831 1,063 1,272 1,616
48" x 122" 1,171 1,404 1,606 1,873
58" x 58" 635 873 1,026 1,181
60" x 72" 796 1,063 1,237 1,415
60" x 92" 1,013 1,293 1,538 1,316
64" x 64" 809 1,026 1,115 1,772
77" x 77" 1,160 1,460 1,873 2,052
94" x 94" 2,062 2,408 3,378 3,745
Triple dome skylights cost about 30% more than double dome skylights.

240 Additional Costs for Commercial, Industrial, and Public Structures

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Additional Structure Costs

Plastic Circular Dome Skylights, cost each
Single Plastic Panel Double Plastic Panel Additives
Size 4" Curb 9" Curb 4" Curb 9" Curb Ceiling Dome Wall Liner
30" $760 $775 $900 $942 $365 $365
36" 775 811 942 1,014 465 390
48" 1,029 1,125 1,316 1,383 623 465
60" 1,304 1,359 1,749 1,772 909 479
72" 1,951 1,929 2,598 2,709 1,160 578
84" 2,675 2,854 3,745 3,946 1,661 683
96" 3,935 4,114 5,483 5,864 1,818 811

The above costs are for single skylights. For three or more, deduct 20%.

Plastic Pyramid Skylights, cost each Plastic Ridge Type Skylights,

Installed Cost cost per linear foot
Size Height 2 or Less 3 or More Width* Single Panel Double Panel
39" x 39" 34" $1,212 $1,009 18" $285 $425
48" x 48" 42" 1,715 1,432 24" 316 513
58" x 58" 49" 1,905 2,077 30" 394 584
36" 499 678
42" 524 818
48" 540 1,052

E
*Width is from ridge to curb following slope of roof.
Plastic Continuous Vaulted
Skylights, cost per L.F.
Wire Glass Skylights,
Width
Single
Panel
PL
Double
Panel Exterior Aluminum Frame, cost each
16" $126 $185 24" x 48" $437
20" 134 193 24" x 72" 527
24" 157 220 24" x 96" 703
30" 192 265 48" x 48" 711
M
36" 207 278 48" x 72" 872
42" 220 289 48" x 96" 1,057
48" 265 321
54" 278 347
60" 289 369 Ventilators, Roof, Gravity Type,
SA

72" 321 396

84" 383 518 cost each
Throat 2 or 3 or Add for
Dia. Less More Insulated Curb
8" $237 $223 $115
Ventilators, Roof, Power Type, 12" 259 237 129
18" 398 389 182
cost each 24" 473 452 195
Throat 2 or 3 or Add for
Dia. Less More Insulated Curb
6" $544 $528 $97
Heat and Smoke Vents, cost each
8" 878 794 136 Aluminum
10" 1,059 981 166 Size Plastic Dome Lid Covered Lid
12" 1,177 1,145 171
32" x 32" $1,090 $1,236
18" 1,284 1,210 184
32" x 48" 1,298 1,329
24" 1,457 1,348 225
50" x 50" 1,474 1,525
30" 2,508 2,282 239
50" x 62" 1,675 1,916
36" 2,679 2,325 245
50" x 74" 1,535 1,999
48" 5,904 5,251 302
50" x 92" 2,019 2,225
50" x 98" 2,359 2,380
Above costs are for a single-speed motor installation.
62" x 104" 2,998 3,070
Dampers and bird screens are included. Add: Explosive-
74" x 104" 3,358 3,689
proof units, add $390 each. Two-speed motors, add $679
to $1,004 each. Plastic coating, depending on size of unit,
add $139 to $211 each.

Additional Costs for Commercial, Industrial, and Public Structures 241

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Additional Structure Costs

Walk-In Boxes, cost per S.F. of floor area
Temperature
Range 50 100 200 300 400 500 600
Over 45o 175 119 92 78 75 68 67
25.50 o to 45 o 195 139 109 93 83 78 75
0o to 25 o 232 172 125 109 93 86 82
-25.50 to 0 o
o
253 206 165 138 119 111 102
Cost Includes:
Painted wood exterior facing, insulation as required for temperature, interior plaster, one 4 x 7 door per 300 S.F. of floor area.
Costs are based upon 8' exterior wall height. Costs do not include machinery and wiring. Figure refrigeration machinery at
$2,000.00 per ton capacity.

Material Handling Systems

Belt type conveyors, 24" wide.
Horizontal sections, per linear foot $226
Elevating, descending sections, per flight 377
Mail conveyors, automatic, electronic.
Horizontal, per linear foot 1,793
Vertical, per 12' floor 23,200
Mail chutes, cost per floor, 5" x 14", aluminum 1,130
Linen chutes, 18 gauge steel, 30" diameter, per 10' floor 1,860
Disinfecting and sanitizing unit, each 765

E
Display Fronts
PL
SIGN AREA
M
Vestibule ceiling
Transom
Display
Pilaster
SA

back trim

Platform
Bulkhead Island

Vestibule floor

Display front costs may be estimated by calculating the in-place cost of each component or by estimating a cost per linear
foot of bulkhead and multiplying by the bulkhead length. This section contains data for both methods. For most fronts, the
cost per linear foot method is best suited for rapid preliminary estimates.
Bulkhead length is the distance from the inside of the pilaster and following along the bulkhead or glass to the inside of the
opposite pilaster. This measurement includes the distance across entryways.
The cost per linear foot of bulkhead is estimated using the storefront
specifications and costs in this section. This manual suggests linear
foot costs for four quality types: low cost, average, good, and very
good. Costs are related for each quality type in terms of flat or 4'
recessed type fronts.
10' 10'
Recessed type fronts include all components described in the
specifications. Flat front costs do not include the following
components: vestibule floor, vestibule and display area ceiling framing,
back trim, display platform, lighting. The cost of automatic door 8' 8'
openers is not included in front costs. Bulkhead or storefront length 8'+10'+4'+10'+8' = 40'

242 Additional Costs for Commercial, Industrial, and Public Structures

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Display Fronts

Display Front, Best Display Front, Best

E
PL Display Front, Good
Display Front, Good
M
SA

Display Front, Average Display Front, Average

Display Front, Low Cost Display Front, Low Cost

Additional Costs for Commercial, Industrial, and Public Structures 243

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Display Fronts
All front costs are based upon a height of 10 feet from the floor level to the top of the display window. Variations from this
standard should be adjusted by using the display window height adjustment costs shown with the front foot costs. These
amounts are added or deducted for each foot of variation from the standard.
Bulkhead height variations will not require adjustment. Cost differentials, due to variations in bulkhead height, will be
compensated for by equal variations in display window height if overall heights are equal.
Sign areas are based upon 4 foot heights. Cost adjustments are given for flat type and for recessed type fronts. A cost range
is given for recessed type fronts because deeply recessed fronts will have lower linear foot costs for sign area components
than will moderately recessed fronts because this cost is spread over a longer distance when recesses are deep.
Display island costs are estimated by applying 60 to 80 percent of the applicable linear foot cost to the island bulkhead
length. Window height adjustments should be made, but sign height adjustments will not be necessary.

Components Best Good Average Low Cost

Bulkhead Vitrolite domestic Black Carrera flagstone, Average ceramic tile, Stucco, wood or
(0 to 4' high) marble or stainless terrazzo or good Roman brick or imitation common brick.
(10% of total cost) steel. ceramic tile. flagstone.
Window Area Bronze or stainless steel. Heavy aluminum. Aluminum. Light aluminum with
(30% of total cost) 1/4" float glass with 1/4" float glass, some 1/4" float glass. wood stops. Crystal
mitered joints. mitered joints. or 1/4" float glass.
Sign Area (4' high) Vitrolite, domestic Black Carrera flagstone, Average ceramic tile, Stucco.
(10% of total cost) marble or stainless terrazzo or good Roman brick or imitation

E
steel. ceramic tile. flagstone.
Pilasters Vitrolite, domestic Black Carrera flagstone, Average ceramic tile, Stucco.
(5% of total cost) marble. terrazzo or good Roman brick or imitation
PLceramic tile. flagstone.
Vestibule Floor* Decorative terrazzo. Decorative terrazzo. Plain terrazzo. Concrete.
(5% of total cost)
Vestibule and
Display Area Stucco or gypsum Stucco or gypsum Stucco or gypsum Gypsum wallboard
Ceilings* wallboard and texture. wallboard and texture. wallboard and texture. and texture.
M
(10% of total cost)
Back Trim* Hardwood veneer on Gypsum wallboard and None. None.
(5% of total cost) average frame. texture or light frame.
SA

Display Platform
Cover* Excellent carpet. Good carpet. Average carpet. Plywood with tile.
(10% of total cost)
Lighting* 1 recessed spot per 1 recessed spot per 1 exposed spot per 2 1 exposed spot per 4
(10% of total cost) linear foot of bulkhead. linear foot of bulkhead. linear feet of bulkhead. linear feet of bulkhead.
Doors 3/4" glass double doors. Good aluminum and Average aluminum and Wood and glass.
(5% of total cost) glass double door or glass double door.
single 3/4" glass door.
Note: Use the percent of total cost to help identify the correct quality classification.
Costs, Flat Fronts $1,142/linear foot. $766/linear foot. $492/linear foot. $430/linear foot.
Costs, Recessed
Fronts $1,213/linear foot. $1,033/linear foot. $586/linear foot. $476/linear foot.
Display Window $52.30/linear foot. $48.60/linear foot. $46.20/linear foot. $45.20/linear foot.
Adjustment per Foot of Height
Flat Front,
Sign Area $51.90/linear foot. $32.70/linear foot. $12.99/linear foot. $4.32/linear foot.
Adjustment per Foot of Height
Recessed Front, $18.30 to $24.35/ $11.20 to $14.28/ $4.88 to 6.98/ $2.59 to $2.87/
Sign Area linear foot. linear foot. linear foot. linear foot.
Adjustment per Foot of Height

*Not included in flat front costs.

244 Additional Costs for Commercial, Industrial, and Public Structures

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Display Fronts
Lighting, cost per fixture Exterior Wall Finish, cost per S.F. of wall
Open incandescent $60.14 to $86.92 Aluminum sheet baked enamel finish $4.85 to $7.85
Recessed incandescent 86.72 to 174.93 Brick veneer
Fluorescent exposed, 4' single 188.29 to 278.49 Common brick $9.56 to $12.48
Fluorescent recessed, 4' single 200.59 to 356.80 Roman 12.39 to 18.21
Norman 12.39 to 18.21
Glazed 15.09 to 22.68
Bulkhead Walls, cost per S.F. of wall Carrera glass
Black 23.92 to 36.93
Up to 5' high, nominal 6" thick Red 25.70 to 39.01
Concrete $16.48 to $24.44 Flagstone veneer
Concrete block 11.51 to 17.10 Imitation 16.33 to 20.91
Wood frame 7.10 to 12.56 Natural 25.18 to 40.05
Marble
Plain colors 36.97 to 48.82
Ceiling, cost per S.F. of floor With color variations 67.36 to 79.40
Stucco 3.74 to 4.88
Dropped ceiling framing $2.39 to $3.35 Terrazzo 24.56 to 33.71
Acoustical tile on wood strips 3.71 to 4.61 Tile, ceramic 15.50 to 22.68
Acoustical plaster including lath 3.43 to 5.02
Gypsum board, texture and paint 2.67 to 3.94
Plaster and paint including lath 3.82 to 5.25 Display Platforms,
cost per S.F. of platform area

E
Entrances, cost per entrance Framing up to 5' high $7.43 to $11.53
Hardwood cover 4.48 to 7.31
Aluminum and 1/4" float glass Plywood cover 2.99 to 4.12
Single door, 3' x 7' $1,785 to $2,950
Double door, 6' x 7'
PL
3,160 to 4,360
Stainless steel and 1/4" float glass Glass and Window Frames,
Single door, 3' x 7' 3,520 to 5,530
Double door, 6' x 7' 4,850 to 7,916
per S.F. of glass
3/4" tempered glass Glass only installed
Single door, 3' x 7' 3,690 to 5,290 1/4" float $9.12 to $12.66
Double door, 6' x 7' 6,180 to 7,800 1/4" float, tempered 12.00 to 16.12
M
1/4" float, colored 9.38 to 16.12
Includes door, glass, lock handles, hinges, sill and frame.
Store front, 1/4" glass in aluminum frame
Anodized, 8' high 30.24 to 41.37
Anodized, 6' high 36.44 to 48.41
SA

Anodized, 3' high 44.99 to 56.85

Satin bronze, 6' high 42.32 to 55.46
Satin bronze, 3' high 51.66 to 64.68

Satellite Receiver Systems

Satellite receiver systems are common in mountain and rural areas, where TV reception is limited. They are also often
installed in residential or commercial areas, for homes, motels or hotels, restaurants and businesses. Installed cost for an all-
automatic, motorized system, including wiring to one interior outlet.
Exterior disk plus electronics $190 to $500

Additional Costs for Commercial, Industrial, and Public Structures 245

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Signs

Lighted Display Signs, Cost per S.F. of sign area

Painted sheet metal with floodlights $93.00 to $119.50
Porcelain enamel with floodlights 99.10 to 134.80
Plastic with interior lights 112.30 to 175.00
Simple rectangular neon with painted sheet metal faces
and a moderate amount of plain letters 118.60 to 214.00
Round or irregular neon with porcelain enamel faces and
more elaborate lettering 175.00 to 256.00
Channel letters - individual neon illuminated metal
letters with translucent plastic faces, (per upright inch, per letter) 14.90 to 22.40
All of the above sign costs are for double-faced signs. Use 2/3 of those costs for single-faced signs. Sign costs include costs
of installation and normal electrical hookup. They do not include the cost of a post. If signs are mounted on separate posts,
post mounting costs must be added. These costs are for custom-built signs (one-at-a-time orders). Mass-produced signs will
have lower costs.

Post Mounting Costs for Signs

E
PL
M

Horizontally Mounted Vertically Mounted Cantilever

SA

Post Mounting Costs

Pole Diameter at Base
Post Height 4" 6" 8" 10" 12" 14"
15 $1,343 $1,598 $2,353 $3,170 $4,934 $4,984
20 1,592 1,899 2,719 3,288 5,870 6,602
25 1,825 2,147 2,817 3,912 6,530 7,211
30 1,988 2,554 2,922 4,270 6,899 7,983
35 — 2,778 3,288 4,764 7,805 8,524
40 — 2,949 4,015 5,038 8,118 9,563
45 — — 4,702 5,737 8,861 9,898
50 — — 5,038 6,541 9,431 10,846
55 — — — 6,900 9,893 11,809
60 — — — 7,301 10,619 12,350
65 — — — — 12,412 13,125

If signs are mounted on separate posts, post mounting costs must be added. Post mounting costs include the installed cost
of the post and foundation. On horizontally mounted signs, post height is the distance from the ground to the bottom of the
sign. On vertically mounted signs, post height is the distance to the top of the post. For cantilevered posts, use one and one-
half to two times the conventional post cost.
All of the above post costs are for single posts. Use 90% of the single post costs for each additional post.

246 Additional Costs for Commercial, Industrial, and Public Structures

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Agricultural Structures Section

Section Contents

Structure Type Page

General Purpose Barns 250

Hay Storage Barns 251
Feed Barns 252
Shop Buildings 253
Machinery and Equipment Sheds 254
Small Sheds 255
Pole Barns 256
Low Cost Dairy Barns 257
Stanchion Dairy Barns 258
Walk-Through Dairy Barns 259
Modern Herringbone Barns 260
Miscellaneous Dairy Costs 261
Poultry Houses, Conventional 262
Poultry Houses, Modern Type 263
Poultry Houses, High Rise Type 264

E
Poultry Houses, Deep Pit Type 265
Poultry House Equipment 266
Greenhouses 267
Migrant Worker Housing
PL 268
Miscellaneous Agricultural Structures 269
Typical Lives for Agricultural Buildings 269
M
SA

Agricultural Structures Section 249

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General Purpose Barns

Quality Classification

General Purpose Barn, Class 1 General Purpose Barn, Class 3

E
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
Component Good Quality Average Quality Low Quality
Foundation Continuous concrete.
PL Concrete or masonry piers. Redwood or cedar
(20% of total cost) mudsills.
Floor Concrete. Dirt, leveled & compacted. Dirt, leveled & compacted.
(5% of total cost)
Wall Structure Good wood frame, 10' eave Average wood frame, Light wood frame,
M
(25% of total cost) height. 10' eave height. 10' eave height.
Exterior Wall Good wood siding, painted. Standard gauge corrugated Light aluminum or low
Cover iron, aluminum or average cost boards.
SA

(25% of total cost) wood siding.

Roof Medium to high pitch, good Medium to high pitch, Medium to high pitch,
Construction wood trusses. average wood trusses. 2" x 4" rafters 24" to 36"
(9% of total cost) o.c. or light wood
trusses.
Roof Cover Wood shingles. Standard gauge corrugated Light aluminum.
(5% of total cost) iron or aluminum.
Electrical Four outlets per 1,000 S.F. Two outlets per 1,000 S.F. None.
(8% of total cost)
Plumbing Two cold water outlets. One cold water outlet. None.
(3% of total cost)
Note: Use the percent of total cost to help identify the correct quality classification.

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000
1, Good 44.58 41.07 38.03 36.50 35.02 33.46 32.38 31.65 31.03 30.42 29.89
2, Average 33.08 29.85 27.65 26.56 25.51 24.61 23.89 23.46 23.06 22.68 22.31
3, Low 21.56 18.63 17.30 16.56 16.07 15.74 15.42 15.23 15.02 14.90 14.73

250 Agricultural Structures Section

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Poultry Houses

Conventional Lay Cage Type

Basic Building
Component Good Quality Average Quality Low Quality

Floors 2" concrete. Dirt with 4' concrete walkways. Dirt, leveled and compacted.
(20% of total cost)

Foundations Thickened slab. Concrete piers. Wood piers.

E
(15% of total cost)

Frame Light steel or average Average wood frame. Light wood frame.
(20% of total cost) wood frame.
Roof Cover Aluminum or
PL Light aluminum Light aluminum
(5% of total cost) corrugated iron. or composition. or composition.
Exterior Plywood. Vinyl curtains. Wood lath.
(8% of total cost)
M
Lighting Good system, Average system, Minimum system,
(20% of total cost) automatic controls. automatic controls. manual controls.
Plumbing Good system. Average system. Fair system.
SA

(10% of total cost)

Insulation Roof only. None. None.

(2% of total cost)

Basic Building
Cost Per S.F. $16.13 to $19.40 $10.70 to $14.35 $9.20 to $10.75
Note: Use the percent of total cost to help identify the correct quality classification.

Equipment
Component Best Quality Good Quality Average Quality Low Quality

Cages 12" x 20" double deck. 12" x 20" single deck. 12" x 20" single deck. 12" x 12" single
(35% of total cost) deck.
Water System Automatic cup system. Automatic cup system. Simple “V” trough. Simple “V” trough.
(20% of total cost)

Feed System Automatic system. “V” trough. “V” trough. “V” trough.
(30% of total cost)

Egg Gathering Manual. Manual. Manual. Manual.

Cooling Pad and fan system. Pad and fan system. Simple fogging system. Simple fogging
(15% of total cost) system.
Cost Per S.F. $24.44 to $25.73 $14.92 to $17.91 $10.70 to $13.84 $9.09 to $12.66
Note: Use the percent of total cost to help identify the correct quality classification.

262 Agricultural Structures Section

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Index

A Central air............................... 18, 28 walk-thru.................................. 232 Gasoline storage tanks................ 205

Chain link fence.......................... 248 warehouse................................ 238 Gates...................................247-261
Adjustment factors, live load....... 229 Chapel center (on military base)..... 272 Downspouts............................... 233 General office buildings........135-150
Adjustments, wall heights................ 5 Child development center Drainage..................................... 248 General purpose barns................ 250
Adjustments for area....................... 7 (on military base)...................... 272 Draperies.................................... 238 Glass.......................................... 245
Administrative office (military)..... 272 Churches.............................172-173 Dumbwaiters.............................. 238 Government offices..................56-61
A-frame........................................ 32 City hall.................................. 56, 59 Greenhouses............................... 267
A-frame cabins........................38-41 Classes, quality.......... 11, 16, 19, 23, Gutters........................................ 233
4 corners................................... 39 33, 38, 44, 47, 50, 53, 56, 59, 76, 82, E
6 corners................................... 40 89, 94, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, Ecclesiastic buildings...........173-174 H
8 corners................................... 41 115, 120, 126, 129, 132, 135, 143, 151, Economic obsolescence................. 6
A-frame restaurants.............183-184 159, 167, 169, 171, 173, 175, 178, Education center (on Half classes.................................... 4
Age factors..................................... 9 181, 183, 185, 191, 195-196, 198, military base)............................ 272
Agricultural structures..........249-269 200, 202, 208, 213, 218, 223, 227, Half-baths..................................... 18
Effective age................................... 6 Half-story costs...................... 30, 42
Air and water service................... 205 244, 250-255, 257‑260, 262-265, 267, Electric heating........................... 239
Air compressors......................... 206 268 Hangars (military)....................... 272
Elementary school (military Hay shelters................................ 261
Air conditioning............... 18, 28, 266 Classrooms, temporary................. 55 dependents).............................. 272
Aircraft avionics shop (military).... 272 Coffee shop restaurants.......178-180 Hay storage barns....................... 251
Elementary schools..................44-49 Heat and smoke vents................. 241
Aircraft machine shop (military).... 272 Commercial structures...........74-248 Elevators............................... 30, 238
Aircraft operations (military)........ 272 Commissary (military)................. 272 Heaters
Entrances............136-141, 144-149, baseboard................................ 239
Ambulatory clinic (military).......... 272 Compressors, refrigeration.......... 261 152-157, 160-165, 245
Appliances.................................... 29 Concrete block.............................. 42 electric............................... 28, 239
Equipment room................. 258, 259
Applied instruction building Concrete decks, uncovered........... 27 suspended............................... 239
Equipment shed.................. 254, 260
(military)................................... 272 Concrete paving.......................... 247 Heating................................. 42, 266
Escalators................................... 238
Area modification factors.........6, 7-8 Concrete walls.............................. 42 Heating and cooling.............. 28, 239
Evaporative cooler......................... 18
Area of buildings............................. 4 Contents......................................... 3 Explanation of tables....................... 4 Herringbone barns...................... 260

E
Auto service centers.............218-221 Convalescent hospitals.........167-169 External access........................... 125 High school (military
Automatic teller........................... 125 Conventional recreational dwellings dependents).............................. 272
External offices........................... 227
Average Life.................................. 43 4 corners.................................. 34 Historical index............................... 9
Extinguishers, fire........................ 239
6 corners.................................. 35 Holding corral............................. 261

B
PL
8 corners.................................. 36
10 corners................................. 37 F
Holding tanks.............................. 261
Hospitals, convalescent........167-170
Conventional restaurants......181-182 How to use this book...................4-6
Balconies...................................... 28 Factory buildings......................... 226
Banks and savings offices....115-125 Coolers......................................... 28
Family housing (on military
Barns....................250-252, 256-260 Coolers, evaporative.................... 266 base)........................................ 272 I
dairy.................................257-260 Cooling......................................... 18 Family service center (military).... 272
feed......................................... 252 Cooling pads............................... 266 Fans........................................... 266 Index, historical............................... 9
M
general purpose....................... 250 Corral, holding............................ 261 Feed barns.................................. 252 Industrial buildings...................... 223
hay storage.............................. 251 Cost tables, explanation.................. 4 Feed tanks, bulk.......................... 269 light......................................... 225
herringbone�����������������������������260 Counters..................................... 125 Feeders, automatic...................... 266 Industrial structures.............222-248
low cost�����������������������������������257 Covered porches........................... 27 Fence Installation maintenance shop
pole�����������������������������������������256 Curbing....................................... 206 cable........................................ 261 (military)................................... 272
SA

stanchion................................. 258 Curbs.......................................... 247 chain link.................................. 248 Instructions..................................... 4

walk-through............................ 259 Current dollar costs......................... 9 metal rail................................... 261 Insulation.................................... 233
Barracks, dormitory (military)...... 272 wood........................................ 248 Intercom..................................... 237
Baseboard units............................ 28 Fencing....................................... 206 Internal offices............................ 227
Basement garages........................ 31
D Island lighters............................. 205
Fill.............................................. 239
Basements.................................. 237 Dairy barns..........................257-260 Finishes, wall.............................. 245 Island office................................ 204
Basements, residential.................. 27 Dampers..................................... 234 Fire and rescue station
Bathrooms, multi-family Deck roofs.................................... 18 (on military base)...................... 272
residential................................... 30 Fire escapes............................... 239 J
Decks........................................... 42
Block, concrete............................. 42 concrete.................................... 27 Fire extinguishers........................ 239 Jr. high/middle school (military
Bowling alley (on military base).... 272 Decks and porches........... 18, 27, 42 Fire sprinklers............................. 239 dependents).............................. 272
Boxes, walk-in............................ 242 Dental clinic (on military base).... 272 Fire stations ................................. 68
Brick............................................. 42 Department stores................126-134 on military base........................ 272
Buffet hutch.................................. 18 Depreciation.............................. 6, 43 Fireplaces................. 18, 29, 42, 239 K
Building classes.............................. 4 Dining facility (on military base).... 272 Fixtures....................................... 125
Building quality............................... 4 Flatwork................................ 42, 261 Kitchen equipment...................... 240
Discount houses..................111-114
Building shapes............................... 4 Dishwasher................................... 18 Floor furnaces............................... 28
Built-ins........................................ 18 Foggers...................................... 266
Bulkheads................... 242, 244, 245
Dispensers.................................. 204
Foundations, permanent, for
L
Display fronts......................242- 245
Bumpers..................................... 247 Display platforms........................ 245 manufactured housing................. 18 Laundry sinks............................... 18
Display signs.............................. 246 Framed openings........................ 233 Libraries, public............................ 62
Dock levelers.............................. 237 Functional obsolescence................. 6 Library (on military base)............ 272
C Funeral homes.....................171-172 Lifts............................................ 237
Docks......................................... 237
Cabins...............................32, 38-42 Domes, skylights........................ 240 Furnaces....................................... 28 Light industrial buildings.............. 225
Cages, poultry............ 262, 263, 264, Door hoods................................. 233 Lighting.............................. 245, 248
265, 266 Doors G Limitations...................................... 6
Canopies.................... 204, 232, 237 exterior.................................... 238 Livestock scales......................... 269
Canopy lights.............................. 237 fire........................................... 238 Garages............................ 29, 31, 42 Loading ramps............................ 237
Carports............................ 18, 29, 42 hollow metal............................ 232 basement.................................... 31 Loafing sheds............................. 261
Cash boxes................................. 205 interior..................................... 238 ground level................................ 31 Local modifiers............................7-8
Catch basin................................. 248 roll-up...................................... 238 separate structure....................... 31 Location adjustments...................... 6
Ceilings....................................... 245 sidewall, sliding....................... 232 Garbage disposal.......................... 18 Lube room equipment................. 205

273
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Index

M deep pit.................................... 265 Remaining Life.............................. 43 Suburban stores.....................88-102

equipment costs....................... 266 Reserve Center (military)............. 272 Suite entrances
Machinery and equipment sheds... 254 high rise.................................... 264 Residences exterior..............136-138, 144-146,
Main Exchange (military)............. 272 Prefabricated classrooms.............. 55 multi-family............................19-22 ..........................152-154, 160-162
Manholes.................................... 248 Present Value................................ 43 single family..........................10-15 interior...............139-141, 147-149,
Manufactured housing..............16-18 Pressure tanks............................ 269 Residential structures section....10-43 ..........................155-157, 163-165
additional costs........................... 18 Public address systems.............. 237 Restaurants Sump pumps.............................. 261
Material handling......................... 242 Public buildings A-frame.............................183-184 Supermarkets......................103-106
Medical clinic (on military base).... 272 elementary schools................44-47 coffee shop........................178-180
Medical facility (on military libraries....................................... 62 conventional......................181-182
base)........................................ 272 secondary schools.................50-55 self service........................175-177 T
Medical-dental buildings.......151-159 Pullmans....................................... 18 Room coolers............................... 28
Pumps........................................ 204 Rotators.............................. 206, 247 Table of Contents............................ 3
Mezzanines......................... 125, 240
Tanks, pressure.......................... 269
Microwave.................................... 18
Temporary classrooms................. 55
Migrant worker housing............... 268 Q S Temporary lodging facility
Military construction costs.......... 270
Quality classes, explanation............. 4 (military)................................... 272
Milk house.................................. 257 Safe deposit boxes...................... 125
Quality classifications Theaters..............................185-191
Milk line...................................... 261 Satellite communications center
A-frame cabins........................... 38 Tie downs..................................... 18
Milking barn.........................258-260 (military)................................... 272
A-frame restaurants.................. 183 Toilets........................................... 18
Mobile home parks..............195-197 Satellite receiver.......................... 245
auto service centers.................. 218 Trailer parks.........................195-197
Mobile homes..........................16-18 Scales
banks and savings offices���115, 120 Trash compactor........................... 18
Mortuaries...........................171-172 coffee shop restaurants............. 178 livestock................................... 269
Motels.....................................23-26 truck......................................... 269 Truck scales............................... 269
convalescent hospitals������167, 169 Turbines..................................... 204
Multi-family residences............20-22 conventional recreational Schools, elementary.................44-47
Multi-unit buildings...................92-93 dwellings.................................... 33 Schools, secondary.................50-55

E
conventional restaurants........... 181 Screen walls................................. 18 U
department stores..... 126, 129, 132 Seating....................................... 240
N discount houses����������������111, 113 Secondary schools..................50-55 Unaccompanied officers quarters
display fronts............................ 244 Security systems........................ 237 (military)................................... 272
Night deposit vault...................... 125
Normal Percent Good.................. 235
PL
ecclesiastic buildings................ 173
feed barns................................. 252
Self service restaurants........175-178
Septic tanks................................ 269
Urban stores............................75-87

funeral homes........................... 171 Service club (military)................. 272

general office buildings�����135, 143 Service garages...................208-213 V
O general purpose barns............... 250 Service station signs................... 206 Vault doors................................. 125
Obsolescence government offices............... 56, 59 Service stations...................198-207
greenhouses............................. 267 Vehicle hoist............................... 206
economic...................................... 6 additional costs..................204-207
Vehicle maint. shop (military)...... 272
M
functional...................................... 6 hay storage barns..................... 251 Sheds..................................254-255
industrial buildings.................... 223 Shop buildings............................ 253 Ventilators........................... 234, 241
physical........................................ 6 Vents.................................. 234, 241
Offices, external and internal........ 227 internal offices.......................... 227 Shopping centers.......................... 88
Offices, government.................56-61 machinery and equipment Showers....................................... 18
Openings, framed........................ 233 sheds....................................... 254 Sidewall doors............................ 232 W
SA

Operations building (military)....... 272 manufactured housing................. 16 Signs, lighted.............................. 246

Overhangs.................................. 233 medical-dental buildings����151, 159 Single family residences...........10-15 Walk-in boxes............................. 242
Overhead heaters........................ 239 migrant worker housing............. 268 4 corners.................................... 12
mobile home parks................... 195 Walk-through barns..................... 259
6 corners.................................... 13 Walk-thru doors.......................... 232
modern herringbone barns........ 260 8 corners.................................... 14
motels........................................ 23 Wall finishes............................... 245
P multi-family................................. 19
10 corners.................................. 15 Wall furnaces................................ 28
Sinks............................................ 18 Wall heaters.................................. 28
PA systems................................ 237 poultry houses.......................... 262
Site improvement........................ 206
Parachute and dinghy schools, elementary.........44-45, 47 Wall heights.................................... 5
Skirting......................................... 18
shop (military).......................... 272 schools, secondary................50-53 Walls, bulkhead........................... 245
self service restaurants............. 175 Skylights..................... 234, 240, 241
Partitions.................................... 240 Sliding windows.......................... 234 Warehouses................................ 224
interior...................................... 234 service garages�����������������208, 213 Wash area.................................. 261
service stations.......... 198,200, 202 Small food stores.................107-110
Paving........................................ 206 Small sheds................................ 255 Water systems............................ 269
asphaltic................................... 247 shop buildings.......................... 253 Water tanks................................. 261
single family............................... 11 Snowload capability...................... 18
concrete................................... 247 Wet bar......................................... 18
small food stores��������������107, 109 Sound systems........................... 237
Percent Good................................ 43 Whirlpool...................................... 18
small sheds.............................. 255 Sprinklers................................... 261
Percent Good table...................... 235
Physical fitness training center suburban stores.................... 89, 94 fire............................................ 239 Window frames........................... 245
(military)................................... 272 supermarkets��������������������103, 105 roof.......................................... 266 Windows
Physical lives................ 43, 235, 269 theaters����������������������������185, 191 Stairways...................................... 28 aluminum industrial................... 234
Physical obsolescence.................... 6 urban stores......................... 76, 82 Stanchion barns.......................... 258 aluminum sliding....................... 234
Platforms.................................... 245 Quality specifications...................... 4 Stanchions, steel......................... 261 steel sliding............................... 234
Plumbing...................................... 42 Station hospital (military)............. 272 Wood decks, uncovered................ 27
Pneumatic tube systems............. 240 Steel buildings.....................228-234 Wood fence................................ 248
R Steel stanchions.......................... 261
Pole barns.................................. 256 Wood posts.................................. 42
Porch roofs............................. 18, 27 Rails and steps............................. 18 Steps and rails.............................. 18
Porches, covered.......................... 27 Ramp......................................... 261 Storage buildings.................. 18, 204
Porches and decks................. 18, 42 Receiver systems, satellite.......... 245 Storage facility (military)............. 272 X-Y-Z
Post mounting.................... 207, 246 Record storage........................... 125 Storage tanks, gasoline���������������205
Posts............................................ 42 Recreation center (military)......... 272 Stores Yard improvements..............247-248
Poultry houses.....................262-266 Recreational dwellings.............32-42 suburban.............................88-102 Yard lights................................... 205
controlled environment.............. 263 Regional medical center urban.....................................75-87 Youth center (military
conventional............................. 262 (military)................................... 272 Striping....................................... 247 dependents).............................. 272

274
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