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What Is Philosophy

The document discusses what philosophy is and provides an overview of its main branches and fields of study. It explores questions about human nature, reality, knowledge, ethics, aesthetics, and logic. The earliest philosophers used more analytical methods to make sense of the world compared to earlier bards who used stories. Main branches discussed include metaphysics, epistemology, value theory including ethics and aesthetics, and logic.

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Bhluwayne Zedric Loresto Nocos
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14 views2 pages

What Is Philosophy

The document discusses what philosophy is and provides an overview of its main branches and fields of study. It explores questions about human nature, reality, knowledge, ethics, aesthetics, and logic. The earliest philosophers used more analytical methods to make sense of the world compared to earlier bards who used stories. Main branches discussed include metaphysics, epistemology, value theory including ethics and aesthetics, and logic.

Uploaded by

Bhluwayne Zedric Loresto Nocos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Philosophy – Hank Green There were bards (like homer) who are trying to understand and explain

omer) who are trying to understand and explain the


world through stories while the earliest philosophers were using methods
Questioning every aspect of our own lives that were more analytical and scientific.
Why do you do what you do?
Why do you think what you think? Now Earliest Philosophers
Why do you feel what you feel? Philosophia “The love of wisdom”
New way of trying to make The academic study of
Science can definitely help us to understand our actions, thoughts, and sense of the world anything.
feelings.
First Universities in Western World
Exploring aspects of Human Condition that can’t be explained only by; a. Plato’s Academy Scholars think that these fields’ different studies that had
a. Hormones or Neurotransmitters b. Aristotle’s Lyceum STRONG EMPIRICAL ELEMENTS came to be understood
these makes us who we are, can more as a way of thinking about big questions.
b. Personal Experiences
actually raises as many questions as
c. Hereditary Conditions
they answer. Philosophical Approach – isn’t just about observations.
If all of my decisions are just the results of Big questions:
a. How was I raised? are any of my choices What is the world like? Ways of exploring what
b. What chemicals do I have flowing in my brain? actually free? What is the nature of reality? philosophies are called
If I’m not truly free to make my own decisions or choose my own actions, What kind of being am I? METAPHYSICS.
then how can I be held accountable for them? Metaphysics
- branch of philosophy that studies the nature of reality.
Evaluating rather than just looking at the world and describing what we - to understand nature of world, universe, and of being.
see.
Epistemology
These days, people use “Philosophy” to describe some opinion or approach - branch of philosophy that studies the nature and scope of knowledge.
they might have on certain topic. - knowing about knowing, truth
Big questions:
Ancient Greece, 500 years before Common Era Is it the world really what I think it is?
- Greek Intellectual movement of the World. How do I know if I’m right?
- Buddhism and Judaism were developing in Asia. How will I ever know I’m wrong?
- Philosophical thought was emerging in Greece. Can I exercise certain things about anything?

Scholars were tangled up in distinction between Philos (Science) and Value Theory
Mythos (Storytelling). - helps frame your thinking and what you actually do.
Big questions:
How should you act?
What should you attach meaning to?
2 Main branches of Value Theory Because only when you challenge your understanding of how some people
1. Ethics view the world, can you decide for yourself if there is a view of worth
- branch of philosophy that studies and evaluates human conduct. having.
- study about how humans should live with each other.
Big questions: Philosophy is not your usual field of study.
How should I live?
Do I owe anything to myself, animals, or the earth?
Where do my obligations come from and who says?

2. Aesthetics
- it’s about what’s beautiful.
- study of beauty and art.
- branch of philosophy that studies the nature of beauty.
- for philosophers, the pursuit of aesthetics involves considering what is
beauty and whether it even exists.
- Aestheticians (people who study aesthetics)

Logic
- aspect of philosophy that helps us finds answers.
- philosophers toolbox, use to answer their questions in a clear, systematic
way.
- about reasoning, giving strong arguments (which don’t fall on fallacies)
Fallacies results in failure in reasoning or flawed reasoning that leads to an
invalid or unsound arguments.

Learning the major fields of philosophy, posing questions and considering


possible answers along the way.
Two Step Method:
1. Try to Understand – trying to get inside of idea, understanding it as
charitably as possible.
Principle of Charitably – always try to understand the strongest, most
persuasive version of an argument.

2. subject your understanding to some serious Critical Evaluation – try to


knock down what you know about particular view of world, and you’lldo this
whether you agree with the view or not.

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