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Lesson 5 Storage Devcies

The document discusses different types of secondary storage devices including floppy disks, hard drives, optical drives, solid state drives, and USB flash drives. It describes the basic components and technologies used in hard drives and solid state drives. The document provides details on how data is organized and stored on these different storage media.

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lodelyn caguillo
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28 views5 pages

Lesson 5 Storage Devcies

The document discusses different types of secondary storage devices including floppy disks, hard drives, optical drives, solid state drives, and USB flash drives. It describes the basic components and technologies used in hard drives and solid state drives. The document provides details on how data is organized and stored on these different storage media.

Uploaded by

lodelyn caguillo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Secondary Memory (Storage Devices)

- The Secondary memory is where programs and data are kept on a long term basis.
Common secondary storage devices are the following:

1. Floppy Disk or Diskette 5. External Optical Drives


2. Hard Disk Drive 6. USB Flash Disk
3. Zip Drives 7. Memory Card Reader
4. Tape Drives 8. Media Devices

STORAGE DEVICE IMAGES

5 1/4 Inch Floppy Disk

3 1/2 Inch 1.44 MB Micro Floppy

ZIP Drives

Memory Card
There are basically two types of disk storage for computers: magnetic and optical.

Magnetic Storage - is represented by the standard floppy and hard disks installed in most
PC systems, where the data is recorded magnetically on rotating disks.

Optical Disc Storage - is similar to magnetic disk storage in basic operation, but it
reads and records using light instead of magnetism.

Floppy disk (or Diskette) – an outdated storage device consisting of a thin disk of
flexible magnetic storage medium.

Three standard sizes of a Floppy disk are:

1. 8-inch floppy disk


2. 5 1/4 -inch floppy disk
3. 3 1/2 –inch 1.44 Megabytes floppy disk

ZIP Drive – an outdated medium-capacity removable disk storage system which is slightly
bigger than a 3 ½-inch floppy disk. It is 4-inches. It holds 100 Megabytes of disk space.

Hard Drive – A hard drive is a storage device. It is a sealed unit that a PC uses for
nonvolatile data storage. Nonvolatile or semi permanent storage means that the storage
device retains the data even when no power is supplied to the computer.

A hard drive comes in 2 sizes for personal computers: the 2.5 inches size is used for
laptops computers and the 3.5 inches size is used for desktop.

TECHNOLOGIES USED INSIDE A HARD DRIVE

Two types of hardware technologies used inside the drive are SOLID STATE and MAGNETIC.

Magnetic Hard Drive - A magnetic hard drive has one, two, or more platters, or disks
that stack together and spin in unison inside a sealed metal housing. It contains
firmware to control reading and writing data to the drive, and to communicate with
the motherboard. The top and bottom of each disk have a read/write head that moves
across the disk surface as all the disks rotate on a spindle.
All the read/write heads are controlled by an actuator, which moves the read/write
heads across the disk surfaces in unison. The disk surfaces are covered with a magnetic
medium that can hold data as magnetized spots. The spindle rotates at 5400, 7200, 10,000,
or 15,000 RPM (revolutions per minute). The faster the spindle the better performing the
drive.

Data is organized on a magnetic hard drive in concentric circles called tracks. Each
track is divided into segments called sectors (also called records). Older hard drives
used sectors that contained 512 bytes. Most current hard drives use 4096-byte sectors.

A hard drive or floppy disk is divided into tracks and sectors. Several sectors make one
cluster.

 A TRACK is a single ring of data on one side of a disk.


 A SECTOR represent arc-shaped pieces of the track

The size of each sector and the total number of sectors on the drive determine the drive
capacity. Today’s drive capacities are usually measured in GB (gigabytes) or TB
(terabytes) each of which is 1024 gigabytes). Magnetic drives are generally much larger in
capacity than SSD drives.

You need to be aware of one more technology supported by both SSD and magnetic hard drives
called S.M.A.R.T. (Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology), which
is used to predict when a drive is likely to fail. System BIOS uses S.M.A.R.T. to monitor
drive performance, temperature and other factors. S.M.A.R.T. can be enabled and disabled
in BIOS Setup.

Different types of hard drives are:

1. Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)


2. Parallel ATA (PATA) also known as Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE)
3. Serial ATA (SATA)
4. Solid State Drive (SSD)

Hard drive with SCSI interface

Hard drive with Parallel ATA (PATA) interface


Hard drive with Serial ATA (SATA) interface

ATA - Advanced Technology Attachment

Short for Advanced Technology Attachment, a disk drive implementation that integrates
the controller on the disk drive itself. There are several versions of ATA, all developed
by the Small Form Factor (SFF) Committee.

What is an SSD?

Solid State Drive - Solid states drive (SSD), also called a solid state device (SSD), is
called solid state because it has no moving parts. The drives are built using nonvolatile
memory, which is similar to that used for USB flash drives. Recall that this type of
memory does not lose its data even after the power is turned off. In an SSD drive, flash
memory is stored on EEPROM (Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) chips
inside the drive housing.

Because flash memory is expensive, solid state drives are much more expensive than
magnetic hard drives, but they are faster, more reliable, last longer, and use less power
than magnetic drives.
THE CD AND DVD ROM DRIVE

The CD-ROM and DVD-ROM drive are devices that read data, music and video off of a CD
(Compact Disc) or DVD (Digital Versatile or Video Disc). The ROM part stands for "Read
Only Memory", which means the disc can only be read from, but not written to.

Types of Compact Disc and DVD

 CD (CD-R, CD-RW)
 DVD (DVD-RW, DVD-R, DVD+RW, DVD+R)

USB (Flash Disk) - A USB flash drive consists of a NAND-type flash memory data storage
device integrated with a USB (Universal Serial Bus) interface. USB flash drives are
typically removable and rewritable, much smaller than a floppy disk (1 to 4 inches or 2.5
to 10 cm), and most USB flash drives weigh less than an ounce.

Fig. 4 shows a 16 GB USB flash drive.

Internals of a typical USB flash drive.

1 USB connector
2 USB mass storage controller device
3 Test points
4 Flash memory chip
5 Crystal oscillator
6 LED
7 Write-protect switch (Optional)
8 Space for second flash memory chip

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