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Section7 - SQL

This document discusses database concepts like selecting, ordering, limiting, and aggregating data from a sample students database. It covers SQL commands and designing normalized database schemas with multiple tables joined together.

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Hoàng Minh Thắng
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
23 views

Section7 - SQL

This document discusses database concepts like selecting, ordering, limiting, and aggregating data from a sample students database. It covers SQL commands and designing normalized database schemas with multiple tables joined together.

Uploaded by

Hoàng Minh Thắng
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 64

This is CS50

roster.db
roster.db

id student_name house head

1 Adelaide Murton Slytherin Severus Snape

2 Adrian Pucey Slytherin Severus Snape

3 Anthony Goldstein Ravenclaw Filius Flitwick

… … … …
roster.db
students
id student_name house head

1 Adelaide Murton Slytherin Severus Snape

2 Adrian Pucey Slytherin Severus Snape

3 Anthony Goldstein Ravenclaw Filius Flitwick

… … … …
Selecting
SELECT *
FROM students;
roster.db
students
id student_name house head

1 Adelaide Murton Slytherin Severus Snape

2 Adrian Pucey Slytherin Severus Snape

3 Anthony Goldstein Ravenclaw Filius Flitwick

… … … …
SELECT student_name
FROM students;
roster.db
students
id student_name house head

1 Adelaide Murton Slytherin Severus Snape

2 Adrian Pucey Slytherin Severus Snape

3 Anthony Goldstein Ravenclaw Filius Flitwick

… … … …
SELECT student_name
FROM students
WHERE house = 'Slytherin';
roster.db
students
id student_name house head

1 Adelaide Murton Slytherin Severus Snape

2 Adrian Pucey Slytherin Severus Snape

3 Anthony Goldstein Ravenclaw Filius Flitwick

… … … …
SELECT student_name
FROM students
WHERE student_name LIKE "%Potter";
Find the names and
houses of students whose
names begin with "H".
Ordering
SELECT *
FROM students;
SELECT *
FROM students
ORDER BY student_name;
SELECT *
FROM students
ORDER BY student_name ASC;
SELECT *
FROM students
ORDER BY student_name DESC;
Sort the student data in
alphabetical order, first by
house and then by
student name.
Limiting
...
LIMIT 1;
Aggregating
SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM students;
Count the number of
students in Gryffindor
Count the number of
students in each house
SELECT house, COUNT(*)
FROM students
GROUP BY house;
Database Design
Design Principles
● Each table should be a collection of a
single entity.
● For example, we should have a different
table for each of students, houses, and
student-house assignments.
roster.db
students
id student_name house head

1 Adelaide Murton Slytherin Severus Snape

2 Adrian Pucey Slytherin Severus Snape

3 Anthony Goldstein Ravenclaw Filius Flitwick

… … … …
roster.db
students
id student_name

1 Adelaide Murton

2 Adrian Pucey

3 Anthony Goldstein

… …
houses
roster.db id house head

students 1 Gryffindor Minerva McGonagall

id student_name 2 Hufflepuff Pomona Sprout

1 Adelaide Murton 3 Ravenclaw Filius Flitwick

2 Adrian Pucey 4 Slytherin Severus Snape

3 Anthony Goldstein

… …
Design Principles
● Each piece of data should be stored in a
single location, and thereafter referred to
by its ID ("primary key").
● For example, we should ensure every
student and house has an ID, then use
those IDs in the house assignments table.
houses
roster.db id house head

students 1 Gryffindor Minerva McGonagall

id student_name 2 Hufflepuff Pomona Sprout

1 Adelaide Murton 3 Ravenclaw Filius Flitwick

2 Adrian Pucey 4 Slytherin Severus Snape

3 Anthony Goldstein
assignments
… …
id student_id house_id

1 1 4

… … …
CREATE TABLE houses (
id,
house,
head,
PRIMARY KEY(id)
);
CREATE TABLE houses (
id INTEGER,
house TEXT,
head TEXT,
PRIMARY KEY(id)
);
CREATE TABLE houses (
id INTEGER NOT NULL,
house TEXT NOT NULL,
head TEXT NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(id)
);
NOT NULL
"required"
roster.db
students houses
id student_name house head id house head

1 Adelaide Murton Slytherin Severus Snape

2 Adrian Pucey Slytherin Severus Snape

3 Anthony Raven Filius Flitwick


Goldstein claw

… … … …
INSERT INTO tablename (column1, column2)
VALUES (value1, value2);
INSERT INTO houses (house, head)
VALUES ('Gryffindor', 'McGonagall');
roster.db
students houses
id student_name house head id house head

1 Adelaide Murton Slytherin Severus Snape 1 Gryffindor McGonagall

2 Adrian Pucey Slytherin Severus Snape

3 Anthony Raven Filius Flitwick


Goldstein claw

… … … …
…
houses
roster.db id student_name head

students 1 Gryffindor Minerva McGonagall

id student_name 2 Hufflepuff Pomona Sprout

1 Adelaide Murton 3 Ravenclaw Filius Flitwick

2 Adrian Pucey 4 Slytherin Severus Snape

3 Anthony Goldstein
assignments
… …
id student_id house_id

1 1 4

… … …
Count the number of
students in Gryffindor
SELECTs
JOINs
SELECTs
JOINs
houses
roster.db id student_name head

students 1 Gryffindor Minerva McGonagall

id student_name 2 Hufflepuff Pomona Sprout

1 Adelaide Murton 3 Ravenclaw Filius Flitwick

2 Adrian Pucey 4 Slytherin Severus Snape

3 Anthony Goldstein
assignments
… …
id student_id house_id

1 1 4

… … …
houses
roster.db id student_name head

students 1 Gryffindor Minerva McGonagall

id student_name 2 Hufflepuff Pomona Sprout

1 Adelaide Murton 3 Ravenclaw Filius Flitwick

2 Adrian Pucey 4 Slytherin Severus Snape

3 Anthony Goldstein
assignments
… …
id student_id house_id

1 1 4

… … …
SELECT *
FROM songs
WHERE artist_id =
(
SELECT id
FROM houses
WHERE house = 'Gryffindor'
);
houses
roster.db id student_name head

students 1 Gryffindor Minerva McGonagall

id student_name 2 Hufflepuff Pomona Sprout

1 Adelaide Murton 3 Ravenclaw Filius Flitwick

2 Adrian Pucey 4 Slytherin Severus Snape

3 Anthony Goldstein
assignments
… …
id student_id house_id

1 1 4

… … …
SELECT COUNT(student_id)
FROM assignments
WHERE house_id =
(
SELECT id
FROM houses
WHERE house = 'Gryffindor'
);
SELECT COUNT(student_id)
FROM assignments
WHERE house_id =
(
1
);
SELECTs
JOINs
Count the number of
students in Gryffindor
houses
roster.db id student_name head

students 1 Gryffindor Minerva McGonagall

id student_name 2 Hufflepuff Pomona Sprout

1 Adelaide Murton 3 Ravenclaw Filius Flitwick

2 Adrian Pucey 4 Slytherin Severus Snape

3 Anthony Goldstein
assignments
… …
id student_id house_id

1 1 4

… … …
houses
roster.db id student_name head

students 1 Gryffindor Minerva McGonagall

id student_name 2 Hufflepuff Pomona Sprout

1 Adelaide Murton 3 Ravenclaw Filius Flitwick

2 Adrian Pucey 4 Slytherin Severus Snape

3 Anthony Goldstein
assignments
… …
id student_id house_id

1 1 4

… … …
assignments JOIN houses
assignments houses

student_id house_id id house head

1 1 1 Slytherin Severus Snape

2 1 1 Slytherin Severus Snape

3 2 2 Ravenclaw Filius Flitwick


SELECT *
FROM assignments
JOIN houses
ON assignments.house_id = houses.id;
SELECT *
FROM assignments
JOIN houses
ON assignments.house_id = houses.id;
SELECT COUNT(student_id)
FROM assignments
JOIN houses
ON assignments.house_id = houses.id
WHERE house = 'Gryffindor';
This was CS50

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