EXPERIMENT 2

EXPERIMENT 2(a) "

AAI
Performing and observing the action of water on quicklime and classifying the reaction.
KATERIALS REQUIRED
Caleium oxide, water, beaker, glass rod, dropper, red litmus paper, test tube, filter paper, funnel.
AEORY
Quicklime reacts with water to form calcium bydroxide. As in this reaction two substances - quicklime
and water combine to form a new substance, therefore, this reaction is called combination reaction. This
chemical change can be represented by the given chemical equation:
 CaOs) H,OU) Ca(OH),(aq) + heat
Calcium oxide Water Calcium hydroxide
(Quicklime) (Slaked lime)

change, heat is also released. Therefore, this is also an example of exothermicreaction.

this chemical
During OBSERVATION TABLE
PROCEDURE AND
described in the table:
experimental procedure is
Mhe Experiment Observation Inference
B.NO. calcium oxide (quicklime) A new substance is formed Water reacts with quicklime
Take some water over with a hissing
beaker and pour some sound. to formn a new substance.
in
quícklimeslowly. Stir it with a clean Outer surface of beaker is As heat is evolved, the reac-
the outer surface
glass rod and touch hot. tion between water and quick
of beaker. lime is exothermic.
and with its Red litmus paper turns blue. The new substance formed by
Take a clean dropper from the the reaction between water
2. of liquid
help put a drop litnus
beaker on a red paper. and quicklime is basic in
nature.
Rilter the mixture of beaker and On passing CO, through The new substance formed by
3. take about mi of fltrate in a test the clear fltrate, it turns the reaction between quick
tube. Blow air through the liquid. milky. lime and water is calcium
hydroxide.

-Beaker
Blcwing
Water -Dropper
Quo irne
(Calcam cxide) -Ftrate
-Red itrrus paper

Fig. Action of water on quicklime

RESULT
Uwo compounds, viz. quicklime and water combine to form calcium hydroxide. Therefore, this reaction is
an example of combination reaction.
PRACAUTIONS
1. Quicklime can cause severe burns, therefore, it should be handled with spatula.
2. As the reaction between quicklime and water is exothermic, water should be poured over quickline slowly.
3. The fltrate collected should be clear.
EXPERIMENT 26)

Perfoming and obeerving the sction of beat on ferrous sulphate crystal and claneifying the reetion
JATERIALS REQUIRED
Ferrous sulphate crystals, test tubes, test tube bolder, blue limus paper.
Experiments 27
THEORY
Dyehystals of ferrous sulphate are green in colour. When these crystals are heated, following reaction
2FeSO,(8)
Ferrous sulphate
Hent
Fe,0,8) SO,g)
Sulphur dioxide
SO,(g) takes place.
Ferric oxide Sulphur trioxide
(Light green) (Brown) (Colourless)
(Colourless)
In this reaction, asingle reactant breaks down to give simple products. Therefore, this is a decomposition
Ferrous sulphate crystals (FeSO,.7H0) lose water when heated and the colour of crystals
decomposes to ferric oxide(Fe,O), sulphur díoxide (S0,) and sulphur trioxide (S0,). Ferricchanges.
oxide tIt nen
then
reaction.
while S0, and SO, are gases. Both SO, and SO, are acidic and hence, these gases turn the
red. Sulphur dioxide can reduce an acidified solution of potassium dichromate. This reaction can blue
bewelitmus
to confirm the presence of sulphur díoxide.
K,Cr,0faq) H,SO,(aq) 3S0,g) Cr,(S0,),(aq) K,SO,(aq)
H,0)
Potassium dichroTnate Suphuric acid Sulphur díoxide Chromium sulphate Potassium sulphate
(Orange) (Green) Water
PKOCEDURE.AND OBSERVATION TABLE
The experimental procedure is given ín the following table:
SNo. Experiment Observation Inference
1. Take about 2 g crystals of ferrous The crystals are green in The colour of ferrous
sulphate in a dry test tube and note colour, sulphate is green.
the colour of crystals.
2. Heat the test tube containíng ferrous The colour of crystalschanges New substances are formed
sulphate. to brown and colourless gas by the heating of ferrous
with a smell of burning sulphate.
sulp-hur is evolved.
3 Bring a moist blue litmus paper in Moist blue litmnus paper The gas evolved is acidic
contact with the evolved gas. turns red. in nature.
4 Soak a strip of filter paper in acidified| The orange. colour of strip Sulphur dioxide gas is
solution of potassium dichromate and changes to green. evolved.
bring it in contact with the gas.

Fate aper strip

arifes sckstos SO,
-Test tutbe holder Ferrous
sulphate
Burre -Ferrous sulphate Bumer

(b)

Fig (a) Tesing the reducing nature of the gas released by heating
(6) Testing the smell of the gas released by heating ferousferous sulphate and
sulphate

28. Tgcher utl Science Lab

 sulphate decomposes to give ferric oxide, sulphur díoxide and sulphur trioxide. This
heating. ferrousreaction.
On decomposition
is&
PR^CAUTIONS
PR} kting ferrous sulphate, keep the mouth of test tube away from you and your classmates.
EXPERIMENT 2(c)

AIM
observing the reaction of iron nails kept in copper sulphate solution and
Terformingtheand
classifying reaction,.
MATERIALS REQUIRED
sulphate solution, test tubes, test tube stand, sandpaper and thread.
Iron nails, copper
THEORY
reaction takes place:
Mhen an iron nail is immersed in copper sulphate solution, following
Fe(s) CuSO, FeSO,(aq) Cu(s)
Iron Copper sulphate Ferrous sulphate Copper
(Blue) (Light green) (Reddish brown)
(Grey)
displaces copper ions (Cu) and a new compound
In the above reaction, iron ions (Fe) being mnore reactive displacement reaction.
called
ferrous sulphate is formed. This type of reactions is

PRQCEDURE
with sandpaper.
1. Take two iron nails and clean them by rubbing
A' and B.
2. Take two test tubes and mark them as
sulphate solution.
3. In each test tube, pour about 10 ml of copper
the copper sulphate solution in test
4. Tie one iron nail with a thread and immerse this carefully in
tube A for about 20 minutes. Keep aside one nail for comparison.
sulphate solution.
5. After 20 minutes, take out the iron nail from the copper
solutions of both the test tubes A and B.
6. Compare the intensity of blue colour of copper sulphate
sulphate solution with one kept aside.
7. Also, compare the colour of iron nal dipped in copper

Thread
Test tube B
Test tube A second iron nail Stand
Stand
Copper sulphate
Copper sulphate solution solution
Iron nail (For comparison)

(For comparison)

of copper sulphate
Fig. To perform and observe the reaction between iron nail and solution

OPSERVATIONS
iron nails turns to light green.
ne initial colour of copper sulphate solution was blue which after immersing
solution, a brown
The initial colour of iron nail was grey. After immersing the nail into copper sulphate
c0ating developed over it. Because of this coating iron nail appears reddish brown.

Experiments 29
 RYSULT
On keeping the iron nails in copper sulphate solution, a displacement reaction takes place In thig
displacement reaction, iron displaces copper and two new products ferrous sulphate and copper are formed

PKCAUIONS by rubbing them with a sandpaper.

L. The iron nails should be cleaned copper sulphate solution should not be
disturbed
iron nails and
e Vest tube containing
EXPERIMENT 2(d)

chloride
AIM sulphate and barium
Performing and observing the
reaction betweensodium solutions
and classifying the reaction.
MATERIALS REQUIRED
chloride solution, test tubes, beaker.
DOdium sulphate solution, barium
precipitate of ha
THEORY and barium chloride are mixed, a white
follows:
sodium sulphate can be given as
When the solutions of equation for this chemical change
sulphate is formed. Chemical 2NaCl(aq)
BaSO,(s)
Na,SO,(aq) BaCl,(aq) Sodium chloride
Barium sulphate
Barium chloride
Sodium sulphate Hence, this type of reactio .
sodium sulphate and barium chloride exchange ions.
In this reaction, both
called double displacement reaction.
KoCEDURE solution in a test tube and mark
it as 'A',
1. Take 5 ml of sodium sulphate mark it as B.
ml of barium chloride solution in another test tube and
2. Take 5
A' and B in a beaker.
3. Mix the solutions of test tubes
stir the mixture kept in beaker.
4. With the help of aclean glass rod,
5. Record your observation.

Before míxing

A
After mixing
BaCl,
Na,SQa
Clear solution of
sodium chloride

Na,SO BaCi, White precipitate of

barium sulphate
(Colourless) (Colourless)
Fig. Double displacement reaction between sodium sulphate and barium chloride

OBSERVATION
On mixing the solutions of sodium sulphate and barium chloride, a white precipitate is formed.

30 Together uitt Science Lab Manual-10

 RE^ULT
on mixing the solutions of sodium sulphate and barium chloride, a double displacement reaction takes place.
In this reaction sodium sulphate and barium chloride exchange ions and new products barium sulphate
(wbite ppt) and sodium chloride are formed.
PrECAUTIONS
1. Test tubes, beaker and glass rod should be cleaned.
2. Equal volumes of sodium sulphate and barijum chloride solutions should be used.