A Comprehensive Approach to Aquatic

Environment Monitoring: IoT-based Smart

Aquarium System
Dhawal Sakharwade Sarthak Khare
Dr. Premanand Ghadekar Dept. of Information Technology Dept. of Information Technology
Dept. of Information Technology VIT, Pune VIT, Pune
VIT, Pune Pune, India Pune, India
Pune, India [email protected] [email protected]
[email protected]

Chinmay Saraf Pranav Sonkamble

Dept. of Information Technology Dept. of Information Technology
VIT, Pune VIT, Pune
Pune, India Pune, India
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract— Aquaculture comprises a complex I. INTRODUCTION

ecosystem involving aquatic organisms and their
caregivers. Effective management of aquaculture Aquariums have long been admired for their
significantly influences the well-being of aquatic life. captivating display of aquatic life, providing a
With the continuous advancement of IoT (Internet of glimpse into the fascinating world beneath the water's
Things) technology, AquaVision emerges as a potential surface. However, maintaining the ideal environment
catalyst for transforming aquarium management,
establishing new benchmarks for both aquatic health and for aquatic inhabitants within these closed
caretaker experiences. This research paper explores the ecosystems has proven to be a challenging endeavor.
conception, benefits, and limitations of AquaVision. The Fluctuating pH levels, imprecise temperature
paper subsequently outlines the approach adopted for the
creation and deployment of AquaVision, succeeded by an
regulation, and water level maintenance issues can
assessment of its merits and drawbacks. Current significantly impact the well-being of aquatic species,
methodologies and trends in this domain are overviewed leading to stress, illness, and reduced lifespans. To
while persisting challenges demanding resolution for address these multifaceted challenges and
successful adoption are underscored. Through the
outcomes of the testing phase, AquaVision's efficacy as a revolutionize aquarium management, AquaVision is
tool for monitoring and controlling crucial aquarium presented, a high-tech tank employing cutting-edge
parameters, encompassing pH, temperature, and water IoT (Internet of Things) technology[1].
level, is substantiated. The system's successful integration
and examination highlight its real-time monitoring
competencies and remote control functionalities. The With the advancement of IoT technology, it
discoveries from this study accentuate the expansive is now possible to automate the monitoring and
potential of IoT solutions in upholding public health and control of aquariums. AquaVision is a smart IoT-
ensuring the accessibility of potable water. By elucidating
AquaVision's evolution and benefits, the aspiration is to based aquarium monitoring system that utilizes pH,
ignite fresh investigation and ingenuity within the realm temperature, and water level sensors to regulate the
of aquatic science and technology, ultimately fostering aquarium environment in real-time. The system
deeper comprehension, preservation, and admiration for
consists of sensors, a Arduino UNO, a Node MCU
the submerged world.
ESP8266, and a mobile application. AquaVision
Keywords— Aquarium, IoT, sensors, Mobile application, simplifies the process of maintaining a healthy
Data Visualization aquarium environment, reduces the risk of aquatic
creatures getting sick, and provides greater flexibility
and convenience for users[2].
 Key components of AquaVision include pH, environment opens up new possibilities for hobbyists,
temperature, and water level sensors strategically researchers, and aquarium professionals alike. For
integrated into the aquarium. These sensors hobbyists, this means greater peace of mind and the
constantly collect real-time data, providing valuable freedom to enjoy their aquarium hobby without
insights into the dynamic changes occurring within constant on-site attention. Researchers can benefit
the aquatic habitat. The data collected from these from AquaVision's data collection capabilities, which
sensors is then relayed to a central control system, provide valuable insights into the behavior and
where advanced algorithms process the information responses of aquatic species to environmental
and facilitate automatic adjustments to the aquarium's changes [5].
environment. This real-time feedback loop ensures
that the aquarium maintains a stable and conducive In this research paper, the development,
habitat for its inhabitants [3]. advantages, and drawbacks of AquaVision were
studied.. The development of AquaVision involved
The transformational potential of an iterative and collaborative process, bringing
AquaVision lies in its ability to address the intricacies together experts from diverse fields such as marine
and complexities of aquarium management with a biology, electrical engineering, and computer science.
comprehensive and data-driven approach. Traditional The interdisciplinary nature of this project allowed
methods of monitoring and controlling environmental for a holistic approach to address the multifaceted
parameters often fall short in providing the necessary challenges in aquarium management. Subsequently,
granularity and precision required to cater to the the paper outlines the methodology employed for the
diverse needs of various aquatic species. creation and integration of AquaVision, succeeded by
AquaVision's incorporation of IoT technology not an assessment of its strengths and limitations. Lastly,
only enables real-time monitoring but also offers a the paper addresses the potential future applications
level of adaptability that was previously unattainable of the technology and offers concluding
[4]. observations[6].

AquaVision ensures that the environment

II. LITERATURE SURVEY
remains stable and within the ideal range for the
diverse aquatic species. Maintaining stable pH levels
Several studies have been conducted to
is crucial for aquatic life, as fluctuations can disrupt
explore the benefits and limitations of using IoT
the acid-base balance, leading to stress, decreased
technology in water tank. For example, Ms. Shrutika
immune function, and even mortality in some cases.
A. Danole investigated Creating an "Intelligent IoT-
Similarly, precise temperature regulation is vital, as
Based Water Level Monitoring System" for the
variations outside the species-specific range can
purpose of monitoring water levels in storage tanks
impact metabolic rates, reproductive behaviors, and
utilized within the railway sector. in her paper Smart
overall health. AquaVision's ability to maintain
Tank Water Monitoring System using IOT[7].
optimal water levels also contributes to the well-
Similarly, Analyzing "IoT-Based Smart Water
being of aquatic inhabitants, preventing issues such
Quality Monitoring: Recent Techniques, Trends, and
as dehydration or flooding that can have detrimental
Challenges for Domestic Applications" authored by
effects. AquaVision brings the convenience of remote
Farmanullah Jan and Nasro Min Allah Dilak
monitoring to aquarium caretakers and enthusiasts.
Dustegor explored the challenges and opportunities
Through a user-friendly interface, individuals can
for developing IoT-based intelligent systems for
access real-time data and make informed decisions
monitoring water quality in domestic applications.
without being physically present near the tank. The
The paper offers an overview of contemporary
reduction of manual interventions not only simplifies
techniques and trends in this field, as well as
aquarium maintenance but also minimizes
emphasizes the necessary challenges to overcome for
disturbances to aquatic life, leading to a more
successful implementation. In a real-time water
harmonious and stress-free environment. The ability
to remotely monitor and control the aquarium's contamination monitoring system that utilizes Cloud,
IoT, and embedded platforms, as detailed in the work Additionally, the research conducted by
authored by Lakshmi Nandakumar., et al. it told us Lakshmi Nandakumar and her team titled "Real-Time
about the device that provides accurate water safety Water Contamination Monitor using Cloud, IoT, and
warnings, employs Utilizing cost-effective IoT and Embedded Platforms" introduces a specialized device
embedded platforms while incorporating a user- engineered for real-time water contamination
friendly interfac[8]. monitoring.A distinctive feature of this device lies in
its cost-effectiveness, making it an attractive solution
The realm of IoT technology in water tank for regions with resource constraints. Moreover, the
management has garnered significant attention, user-friendly interface empowers individuals and
prompting numerous studies to explore the potential communities to access and interpret water quality
advantages and limitations it brings. A notable data without specialized expertise, facilitating greater
investigation by Ms. Shrutika A. Danole delves into public involvement in ensuring water safety[13].
the realm of intelligent IoT-based water level
monitoring systems, particularly in the context of Collectively, these studies showcase the vast
storage tanks utilized in the railways sector[9]. Her potential of IoT technology in revolutionizing water
paper, titled "Smart Tank Water Monitoring System tank management by offering sophisticated
using IoT," presents an innovative approach to tackle monitoring solutions, real-time data insights, and
water level monitoring challenges prevalent in the user-friendly interfaces. Through the successful
railways industry. By leveraging IoT technology, the implementation of these IoT-based systems, the
proposed system Enables efficient water management challenges surrounding water tank management are
through real-time monitoring and data collection. progressively addressed, culminating in efficient
resource management for railway operations. The water resource allocation, improved water quality,
study's findings shed light on the immense potential and enhanced public health outcomes[14]. As these
of IoT solutions in optimizing water usage, reducing research endeavors inspire further exploration and
wastage, and ensuring a reliable water supply for innovation in the field, the integration of IoT
railway networks[10]. technology in water tank management is poised to
make substantial strides towards a more sustainable
Similarly, another influential research work, and water-secure future for communities
"IoT-Based Smart Water Quality Monitoring: Recent worldwide[15].
Techniques, Trends, and Challenges for Domestic
Applications," conducted by Farmanullah Jan, Nasro AquaVision signifies a transformative step
Min Allah, and Dilak Dustegor, shifts the focus to in the domain of aquarium management. By
water quality monitoring for domestic purposes.This harnessing the power of IoT technology, this high-
comprehensive study investigates the challenges and tech tank offers optimized environments, remote
opportunities surrounding the implementation of IoT- monitoring capabilities, and reduced manual
based smart water quality monitoring systems within interventions. While challenges in security and cost
households[11]. By offering an insightful overview considerations exist, AquaVision's potential for AI
of the current techniques and trends in this domain, integration and ecological collaborations holds
the researchers emphasize the critical role of accurate promise for enhancing aquatic well-being and
and real-time water quality data in safeguarding caretaker experiences. The convergence of cutting-
public health and ensuring the availability of safe edge technology and the delicate ecosystem of
drinking water. The potential of IoT technology to aquariums marks a new era in aquarium management,
provide continuous monitoring and early detection of where intelligent systems empower both aquatic life
contaminants presents a compelling opportunity to and their caretakers in unprecedented ways[16].
transform water quality management in domestic
settings, significantly impacting the well-being of
III. METHODOLOGY:
inhabitants[12] .
A. Setup of Hardware:
In the project, various hardware components were and control system was secured by this thorough
utilized, such as an Arduino UNO board and a Node approach.
MCU ESP 8266 board. To gather data about the
aquarium's environment, several sensors, including a In the AquaVision system, an intelligent alert
pH sensor, a temperature sensor, and a water level mechanism has been integrated, which triggers
sensor, were integrated into the system. These notifications to the user's mobile device when
sensors were connected to the Arduino and Node specific thresholds are reached. This feature ensures
MCU boards using appropriate cables and that users receive timely alerts in response to critical
connections. The data collected from these sensors changes in the aquarium's parameters. For instance, if
could be transmitted to the processing units through the pH level in the aquarium falls below the optimal
proper wiring and connectors. range or if the temperature deviates significantly from
the desired conditions, the system will promptly send
B. Software Setup: notifications to the user's phone. This real-time
There were two key parts to the software stack used notification system enhances the user's ability to take
for this project: Arduino IDE: The code was written, immediate corrective measures and maintain the ideal
compiled, and uploaded to the Arduino and Node environment for the aquatic inhabitants, ensuring
MCU boards using this integrated development their well-being. The integration of APIs and mobile
environment. It made it possible for the hardware to app functionality plays a pivotal role in delivering
carry out particular tasks according to the stated code.
Kodular: A visual app development platform called
Kodular was used to make a mobile app. This
program made it easier to communicate online with
the Node MCU board. Users were able to keep an eye
on and manage the aquarium system thanks to this
remote access.

C. Coding:
Code development was used to implement the
AquaVision system's essential features. The code was
mostly created using the Arduino IDE and was
customized for the project's unique needs. Reading these notifications, allowing users to stay informed
data from the attached sensors (pH, temperature, and and in control, even when they are not physically
water level), was one of the code's many duties. present near the aquarium.
sending the Kodular application the sensor data.
putting control logic into place for aquarium-related Fig. 1 Circuit Diagram
equipment like the heater and pump. This made it
possible to automate control depending on the data
gathered.

D. Testing:
To verify the operation and dependability of the
AquaVision system, thorough testing was an essential
part of the project. To accurately evaluate its
performance, testing was done in an aquarium setting
similar to that found in real life. To remotely monitor
important variables including pH, temperature, and
water level, the Kodular application was used. The
heater and pump's control operations, including
turning them on and off, were thoroughly tested to
ensure their accuracy and responsiveness.

The AquaVision project required thorough software

development, data collecting and device control
coding, as well as extensive testing. The successful Fig. 2 (a) Integration of entire System
implementation of an advanced aquarium monitoring
 IV. PROPOSED WORKFLOW

Fig. 2 (b) Integration of entire System Fig. 3 Proposed Workflow Diagram

V. RESULTS
The AquaVision system was effectively deployed and
tested for the monitoring and control of crucial
aquarium parameters. This system incorporated pH,
temperature, and water level sensors that transmitted
real-time data to the Kodular platform. It offered a
user-friendly interface for remote monitoring and
control of the aquarium's parameters.
Throughout the testing phase, the AquaVision system
successfully and accurately monitored the pH,
temperature, and water level within the aquarium.
This data was promptly transmitted to the Kodular
platform, allowing users to monitor the aquarium's
conditions remotely. Additionally, the associated app
included an alert system that would promptly notify
the user of any noteworthy alterations in the
Fig. 2 (c) Integration of entire System aquarium's parameters. For instance, if the pH level
in the aquarium dropped below the optimal range, the
system would send an alert to the user's mobile
device, prompting them to take corrective action
immediately.

Furthermore, the AquaVision system's remote control

capabilities were also tested. The system enabled the
user to control the aquarium's heater and pump
remotely using the Kodular. The user could switch on
or off the heater and pump as required, ensuring Machine learning algorithms can also
optimal living conditions for the aquatic creatures. facilitate automated adjustments to the aquarium's
environment, ensuring optimal conditions are
The results of the testing phase demonstrated that the maintained at all times. For instance, the system
AquaVision system was an effective and efficient could dynamically adjust lighting levels, water flow
way to monitor and control an aquarium's essential rates, or even nutrient dosages based on the observed
parameters. The system's real-time monitoring patterns and the specific needs of the aquatic species
capabilities and remote control capabilities make it present[17]. The AI-driven AquaVision can
ideal for aquarium enthusiasts who want to ensure continuously learn and adapt to the ever-changing
optimal living conditions for their aquatic creatures. requirements of the aquarium inhabitants, leading to
improved aquatic health, growth, and overall well-
Our advanced system incorporates an intelligent alert being[18].
mechanism, triggered once specific thresholds are
surpassed. This ensures timely notifications that Expanding the sensor array for
enable swift responses. Additionally, real-time comprehensive water quality analysis, integrating AI-
updates are seamlessly streamed to Firebase, driven machine learning algorithms for autonomous
seamlessly synchronizing with the app and promptly monitoring and control, collaborating with ecological
displaying the most up-to-date results. research and conservation efforts, and promoting
educational initiatives are just a few avenues to
TABLE : DATA TRANSMISSION FROM THE enhance AquaVision's capabilities[19]. As the
IOT MODULES TO GOOGLE FIREBASE development of IoT and AI technologies continues to
evolve, AquaVision holds the potential to
revolutionize aquarium management, setting new
standards for aquatic well-being and caretaker
experiences[20].

VII. CONCLUSION

In conclusion, AquaVision is a smart tank

that uses IoT technology to monitor and control
essential parameters in an aquarium, such as pH,
temperature, and water level. The system was
successfully implemented and tested, demonstrating
its real-time monitoring and remote control
capabilities. However, AquaVision has some
limitations, including the need for technical expertise
and limited functionality. AquaVision signifies a
transformative step in the domain of aquarium
management. By harnessing the power of IoT
technology, this high-tech tank offers optimized
environments, remote monitoring capabilities, and
reduced manual interventions. While challenges in
Fig. 4 Readings displayed on the Integrated security and cost considerations exist, AquaVision's
app potential for AI integration and ecological
collaborations holds promise for enhancing aquatic
well-being and caretaker experiences.
VI. FUTURE SCOPE REFERENCES
[1] A. K. Pasha Mohd Daud, N. A. Sulaiman, Y. W. Mohamad [19] Ordila, Rian, et al. Penerapan Alat Kendali Kipas Angin
Yusof And M. Kassim, "An Iot-Based Smart Aquarium Menggunakan Microcontroller Arduino Mega 2560 Dan
Monitoring System," 2020 Ieee 10th Symposium On Sensor Dht22 Berbasis Android. Riau Journal Of Computer
Computer Applications & Industrial Electronics (Iscaie), Science, 2020, 6.2: 101-106.[17] Irawan, Yuda; Wahyuni,
Malaysia, 2020, Pp. 277-282, Doi: Refni; Fonda, Hendry. Folding Clothes Tool Using Arduino
10.1109/Iscaie47305.2020.9108823. Uno Microcontroller And Gear Servo. Journal of Robotics
[2] Jan, F.; Min-Allah, N.; Düştegör, D. Iot Based Smart Water and Control (JRC), 2020, 2.3: 170-174.
Quality Monitoring: Recent Techniques, Trends And [20] F. Budiman, M. Rivai and M. A. Nugroho, "Monitoring and
Challenges For Domestic Applications. Water 2021, 13, Control System for Ammonia and pH Levels for Fish
1729. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/W13131729. Cultivation Implemented on Raspberry Pi 3B," 2019
[3] N. H. Harani, A. S. Sadiah and A. Nurbasari, "Smart Fish International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its
Feeder Using Arduino Uno With Fuzzy Logic Controller," Applications (ISITIA), Surabaya, Indonesia, 2019, pp. 68-73,
2019 5th International Conference on Computing doi: 10.1109/ISITIA.2019.8937217.
Engineering and Design (ICCED), Singapore, Singapore,
2019, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ICCED46541.2019.9161114.
[4] C. Feng, J. Yuan, Y. Sun And J. You, "Design Of Water
Quality Monitoring System," 2020 International Conference
On Artificial Intelligence And Computer Engineering
(Icaice), Beijing, China, 2020, Pp. 264-267, Doi:
10.1109/Icaice51518.2020.00057.
[5] A. H. S. Nusantara, R. Wijaya and A. N. Jati, "Hardware
design of automatic Arowana raiser," 2016 International
Conference on Information Technology Systems and
Innovation (ICITSI), Bandung, 2016, pp. 1-5, doi:
10.1109/ICITSI.2016.7858223.
[6] Irawan, Y., Fernando, Y., & Wahyuni, R. Detecting Heart
Rate Using Pulse Sensor As Alternative Knowing Heart
Condition. Journal of Applied Engineering and Technological
Science (JAETS),2019, 1(1), pp 30-42.
[7] H. N. Vishwas and S. Ullas, "Remotely Monitored Energy
EfficientMethod for Aquaculture Using Smart Devices,"
2019 International Conference on Advances in Computing,
Communication and Control (ICAC3), Mumbai, India, 2019,
pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ICAC347590.2019.9036810.
[8] Fatmawati, Kiki, et al. Rancang Bangun Tempat Sampah
Pintar Menggunakan Sensor Jarak Berbasis Mikrokontroler
Arduino. Riau Journal Of Computer Science, 2020, 6.2: 124-
134.
[9] I. Daut, M. Irwanto and S. Hardi, "Photovoltaic powered
uninterruptible power supply using smart relay," 2010 4th
International Power Engineering and Optimization
Conference (PEOCO), Shah Alam, 2010, pp. 453-457, doi:
10.1109/PEOCO.2010.5559175.
[10] Muhardi, Muhardi, et al. "Design Of Web Based LMS
(Learning Management System) in SMAN 1 Kampar Kiri
Hilir." Journal of Applied Engineering and Technological
Science (JAETS) 1.2 (2020): 70-76.
[11] Tolentino, Lean Karlo S., et al. Development of an IoT-based
Intensive Aquaculture Monitoring System with Automatic
Water Correction. International Journal of Computing and
Digital Systems, 2020, 9: 1-11.
[12] Sohor, Suherman, Et Al. Rancang Bangun Tempat Sampah
Otomatis Mengunakan Mikrokontroler Dan Sensor Ultasonik
Dengan Notifikasi Telegram. Jurnal Ilmu Komputer, 2020,
9.2: 154-160.
[13] I L. Nandakumar, M. Sangeeth, M. Anna Mariya Thomson,
A. Tommy, M. P. Kiran And P. Raji, "Real Time Water
Contamination Monitor Using Cloud, Iot And Embedded
Platforms," 2020 International Conference On Smart
Electronics And Communication (Icosec), Trichy, India,
2020, Pp. 854-858, Doi:
10.1109/Icosec49089.2020.9215276.K. Elissa, “Title of
paper if known,” unpublished.
[14] Irawan, Yuda. "Implementation Of Data Mining For
Determining Majors Using K-Means Algorithm In Students
Of SMA Negeri 1 Pangkalan Kerinci." Journal of Applied
Engineering and Technological Science (JAETS) 1.1 (2019):
17-29.
[15] Ulum, M., et al. Smart aquaponic system based Internet of
Things (IoT). In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. IOP
Publishing, 2019. p. 012047.
[16] K. J. Shin, A. V. Angani and M. Akbar, "Fully automatic
fluid flow control system for smart vertical aquarium," 2017
International Conference on Applied System Innovation
(ICASI), Sapporo, 2017, pp. 424-427, doi:
10.1109/ICASI.2017.7988443.
[17] Wahyuni, Refni; Irawan, Yuda. Web-Based Heart Disease
Diagnosis System With Forward Chaining Method (Case
Study Of Ibnu Sina Islamic Hospital). Journal Of Applied
Engineering And Technological Science (Jaets), 2019, 1.1:
43-50.
[18] AFIFAH, Yasmine; ROSADI, Rizal Abdulrozaq; HAFIZ,
Mohammad Raihan. The smart monitoring and automation
control system for fish aquarium based on internet of things
technology. In: AIP Conference Proceedings. AIP Publishing
LLC, 2019. p. 030018.