Technical Drawing School Based Assessment (SBA)

Candidate Name: Dalmar Russell

Candidate Number:

Centre: St. Elizabeth Technical High School

Centre Number:

Territory: Jamaica

Year: 2024
 What is Technical Drawing?

Technical drawing, also known as drafting or drawing, is the process and discipline of
creating visual representations that effectively communicate how something is designed or
constructed. It plays a crucial role in industries such as engineering and manufacturing, where
precise communication of ideas is essential.

To ensure clarity and understanding, technical drawings utilize various conventions such as
symbols, perspectives, units of measurement, notation systems, visual styles, and page
layouts. These conventions collectively form a visual language that helps eliminate ambiguity
and facilitates comprehension.

ISO 128, an international standard, codifies many of the symbols and principles used in
technical drawing, providing a common framework for communication across different
industries and regions.

Unlike expressive drawings in the visual arts, which can be subjectively interpreted, technical
drawings aim for a single intended meaning. They are created with the purpose of conveying
specific information about the design, dimensions, and functionality of an object or system.
 Types of Lines Used in Technical Drawing

Object Line

Object lines are lines used in technical drawings and illustrations to depict the edges and
contours of an object. They are used to create a visual representation of an object's shape and
form, and can be used to convey the object's dimensions, angles, and other important details.
Object lines can be represented in different ways, such as dashed lines for hidden lines, solid
lines for visible lines, or a combination of both. They are commonly used in fields such as
architecture, engineering, and product design to create detailed and accurate drawings of
objects and structures.

Hidden Line

A hidden line, also known as a dashed line, is a type of line used in technical drawings and
illustrations to depict the edges and contours of an object that are not visible from the
viewpoint of the illustration. They are used to indicate the presence of parts of an object that
are obscured by other parts of the object or by other objects in the scene. Hidden lines are
typically represented by a series of short dashes and are used in combination with visible
lines, which are represented by solid lines. Hidden lines are used to create a more complete
and accurate representation of an object's shape and form, as well as to convey information
about the object's internal structure or hidden details

Center Line

A center line, also known as a median line, is a line used in technical drawings and
illustrations to indicate the center or symmetry of an object or feature. It is a line that is
equidistant from the two sides of an object, feature or surface. Center lines are typically
represented by a thin, continuous line, and are often used in combination with other types of
lines, such as object lines, dimension lines, and section lines. Center lines are used to indicate
the center of an object, feature, or surface, and to indicate symmetry and balance. They are
commonly used in fields such as architecture, engineering, and product design to create
detailed and accurate drawings of objects and structures. They are also used in mechanical
engineering to indicate the center of circular features, such as the center of a hole or the
center of a shaft.

Phantom Line

A phantom line, also known as an alternate position line, is a type of line used in technical
drawings and illustrations to depict the possible or intended movement or position of an
object or feature. Phantom lines are represented by a series of alternating long and short
dashes, and are often used in combination with solid lines to indicate the current position of
an object or feature, and the phantom lines to indicate its intended or possible movement or
position. Phantom lines are used to indicate movement, position, or changes in an object's
shape or form. They are commonly used in fields such as mechanical engineering, electrical
engineering and product design to create detailed and accurate drawings of objects,
mechanisms and assemblies that have movement. They are also used in architectural
drawings to show alternate positions of building elements or features such as doors, windows,
or partitions.

Leader Line

A leader line, also known as a leader or reference line, is a type of line used in technical
drawings and illustrations to connect a feature or element of an object to a label or note.
Leader lines are used to indicate which feature or element of an object is being described or
referred to in a label or note, and they help to clearly associate the label or note with the
correct feature or element. Leader lines are typically represented by a thin, continuous line
that is connected to the feature or element of an object and then extends to the label or note.
They are often used in combination with other types of lines, such as object lines, dimension
lines, and section lines. Leader lines are commonly used in fields such as architecture,
engineering, and product design to create detailed and accurate drawings of objects and
structures and to make the drawings clearer and easy to read.
Cutting Plane Line

A cutting plane line, also known as a section line or section plane, is a type of line used in
technical drawings and illustrations to indicate where an object or structure has been cut or
sectioned to reveal its internal structure or hidden details. Cutting plane lines are typically
represented by a series of short dashes and long dashes, and are often used in combination
with solid lines and hidden lines to create a detailed and accurate representation of an object
or structure's internal structure. Cutting plane lines are used to show how an object or
structure is assembled or constructed, and to indicate the internal details of an object or
structure that are not visible from the outside. They are commonly used in fields such as
architecture, engineering, and product design to create detailed and accurate drawings of
objects and structures. Cutting plane lines are also used in mechanical engineering and
architectural drawings to show cross-sections of an object or structure, revealing the internal
components and details.

Section Line

A section line, also known as a cutting plane line, is a type of line used in technical drawings
and illustrations to indicate where an object or structure has been cut or sectioned to reveal its
internal structure or hidden details. Section lines are typically represented by a series of short
dashes and long dashes, and are often used in combination with solid lines and hidden lines to
create a detailed and accurate representation of an object or structure's internal structure.
Section lines are used to show how an object or structure is assembled or constructed, and to
indicate the internal details of an object or structure that are not visible from the outside.
They are commonly used in fields such as architecture, engineering, and product design to
create detailed and accurate drawings of objects and structures. Section lines are also used in
mechanical engineering and architectural drawings to show cross-sections of an object or
structure, revealing the internal components and details.
Break Lines

Break lines, also known as section break lines, are a type of line used in technical drawings
and illustrations to indicate where an object or structure has been cut or sectioned to reveal its
internal structure or hidden details. Break lines are typically represented by a series of short
dashes and long dashes, and are used to indicate where an object or structure has been broken
in order to reveal its internal details. Break lines are often used in combination with other
types of lines, such as solid lines, hidden lines, and section lines, to create a detailed and
accurate representation of an object or structure's internal structure. They are commonly used
in fields such as architecture, engineering, and product design to create detailed and accurate
drawings of objects and structures. They are used in mechanical and architectural drawings to
indicate how an object or structure is assembled or constructed and to indicate the internal
details that are not visible from the outside.

Continous Wavy Line

A wavy line in technical drawing is a type of line used to indicate a specific type of surface
finish or texture. The wavy line pattern is used to depict a rough or irregular surface, such as
a cast surface, a rough-sawn surface, or a surface that has been sandblasted. It is used in
combination with other types of lines, such as object lines and hidden lines, to create a
detailed and accurate representation of an object or structure. The wavy line is used to
represent the surface texture, it is not used to depict the shape of the object. It is commonly
found in mechanical engineering, product design and architectural drawings to indicate the
finish of a surface.

Dashes Line

Short dashes, also known as dotted lines, are a type of line used in technical drawings and
illustrations to indicate specific features or elements of an object or structure. They are
typically represented by a series of short, evenly spaced dashes and are used in combination
with other types of lines, such as solid lines and hidden lines, to create a detailed and accurate
representation of an object or structure. Short dashes are used to indicate various features in
technical drawings, such as hidden details, center lines, or phantom lines. They are also used
to indicate the boundaries of an object or structure, or to indicate where an object or structure
has been cut or sectioned to reveal its internal details. They are commonly used in fields such
as architecture, engineering, and product design to create detailed and accurate drawings of
objects and structures.
 Drawing Codes and Convention
Technical drawing codes and conventions are a set of guidelines and rules used to ensure that
technical drawings are accurate, clear, and consistent. They include various types of lines,
symbols, and annotations used to create a detailed and accurate representation of an object or
structure. Some common codes and conventions used in technical drawing include:

1. Line types: Technical drawings use different types of lines, such as object lines,
hidden lines, center lines, and section lines, to indicate different features or elements
of an object or structure.

2. Scale: Technical drawings use a specific scale to indicate the size of an object or
structure in relation to its actual size.

3. Dimensioning: Technical drawings use dimensioning to indicate the size and location
of an object or structure.

4. Tolerances: Technical drawings use tolerances to indicate the allowable deviation

from a specified dimension or feature.

5. Symbols: Technical drawings use symbols to represent various elements or

components of an object or structure, such as fasteners, electrical components, and
plumbing fixtures.

6. Annotations: Technical drawings use annotations to provide additional information

about an object or structure, such as notes, labels, and callouts.

7. Layering: Technical drawings use layering to organize and separate different

elements and features of an object or structure, making it easier to edit and modify
the drawing

8. Orthographic projection: Technical drawings use orthographic projection to represent

an object or structure from different angles.
 Tools and Equipment Used in Technical Drawing

(Traditional)
Traditional tools used in technical drawing include:

1. Drawing Board: A drawing board is a flat surface used to support the drawing paper
or parchment. They are usually made of wood or metal.

2. T-Square: A T-square is a straightedge that is attached to the drawing board at a 90-

degree angle and is used to draw horizontal lines.

3. Triangle: Triangles come in different shapes and sizes, but they are typically used to
draw angles or to check the accuracy of angles.

4. Compass: A compass is used to draw circles and arcs of different sizes.

5. French Curves: French curves are templates in the shape of a curve that are used to
draw smooth, curved lines.

6. Parallel Rule: A parallel rule is a type of straightedge that is used to draw parallel
lines.

7. Pencils: Pencils are used to make preliminary sketches, notes, and to create the final
drawing.

8. Erasers: Erasers are used to correct mistakes or to clean up the drawing.

9. Dividers: Dividers are used to measure or mark off distances, and to transfer
measurements from one part of a drawing to another.

10. Scale: Scale is used to accurately represent the size of an object or structure in relation
to its actual size.

These traditional tools are used to create technical drawings that are accurate, clear, and
consistent, making them easier to understand and use for the intended purpose.
 Tools and Equipments Used in Technical Drawing

(Modern)

Modern tools and equipment used in technical drawing include:

1. Computer-aided design (CAD) software: CAD software, such as AutoCAD,

SolidWorks, and Pro/Engineer, is used to create, edit, and modify technical drawings.
It allows for the creation of detailed and accurate drawings, as well as the ability to
easily make changes and modifications.

2. 3D modeling software: 3D modeling software, such as Rhino, SketchUp, and Blender,

is used to create three-dimensional models of objects and structures. It allows for the
creation of highly detailed and accurate models, as well as the ability to easily make
changes and modifications.

3. Digital drafting boards: Digital drafting boards, such as Wacom tablets, are used to
create technical drawings using a stylus and digital interface. They allow for the
creation of detailed and accurate drawings, as well as the ability to easily make
changes and modifications.

4. 3D printers: 3D printers are used to create physical models of objects and structures
from digital models created using CAD or 3D modeling software.

5. Laser scanners: Laser scanners are used to create detailed and accurate digital models
of existing objects and structures.

6. Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) tools: These tools are used to
create immersive experiences for the user to visualize 3D models in a virtual space
and make annotations and modifications in real-time.

All of these tools and equipment are used to create detailed and accurate technical drawings,
as well as to easily make changes and modifications. They allow for the creation of highly
detailed and accurate drawings and models, as well as the ability to easily make changes and
modifications. In addition, they also facilitate collaboration and communication between
team members and clients.