Lab excersice 2

Requirement specification for

1. Introduction:

• The drone system is designed to perform autonomous flight missions for various applications
including aerial photography, surveillance, mapping, and inspection. This requirement
specification outlines the hardware and software specifications necessary to achieve these
objectives.

2. System Overview:

• The drone system consists of a quadcopter with integrated flight control systems, sensors,
communication modules, and payload integration capabilities. It is controlled remotely via a
ground control station running mission planning and monitoring software.

3. Functional Requirements:

• Flight Control:

• Capabilities for autonomous flight modes including manual control, altitude hold,
position hold, and GPS waypoint navigation.

• Payload Management:

• Integration capabilities for attaching cameras, sensors, and other payloads.

• Communication:

• Reliable communication between the drone and ground control station using telemetry
data link.

• Safety Features:

• Fail-safe mechanisms such as return-to-home (RTH) on low battery or signal loss.

• Battery Management:

• Battery monitoring and management for optimal performance and safety.

• Maintenance and Diagnostics:

• Self-diagnostic capabilities and regular maintenance procedures.

• User Interface:

• Intuitive user interface for mission planning, monitoring, and control.

4. Non-Functional Requirements:

• Performance:

• Fast response times for control inputs.

• Stable flight characteristics under various conditions.

• Reliability:

• High uptime and robustness against failures.

• Mean time between failures (MTBF) for critical components.

• Scalability:

• Ability to integrate additional features or payloads.

• Security:

• Secure communication protocols and encryption mechanisms.

• Regulatory Compliance:

• Compliance with aviation regulations for safe and legal operation.

• Environmental Considerations:

• Operating temperature range, weather resistance, and environmental factors.

5. Hardware Specifications:

1. Frame and Body:

• Material: Carbon fiber composite.

• Dimensions: 500mm x 500mm x 200mm.

• Weight: Maximum takeoff weight of 2.5 kg.

2. Propulsion System:
 • Motors: Four brushless DC motors (Model XYZ-3000) with a maximum thrust of 1.5 kg
each.

• Propellers: 10-inch diameter, 4.5-inch pitch, made of reinforced plastic.

• ESCs: Four electronic speed controllers (ESC-500) with a continuous current rating of
20A.

3. Flight Controller:

• Type: Pixhawk 4 flight controller.

• Processing Power: ARM Cortex-M7 processor running at 216 MHz.

• Sensors: Gyroscope, accelerometer, magnetometer, barometer, and GPS module.

4. Battery System:

• Type: Lithium Polymer (LiPo) battery pack.

• Capacity: 5000mAh, 4S configuration.

• Voltage: 14.8V nominal, 16.8V maximum.

• Charging: Compatible with standard LiPo battery chargers.

5. Payload Integration:

• Mounting: Gimbal mount for attaching cameras and sensors.

• Power Supply: 12V regulated output for powering onboard equipment.

6. Communication System:

• Radio Transmitter/Receiver: 2.4 GHz frequency band, 1 km range.

• Antennas: Omni-directional antennas for both transmitter and receiver.

• Data Link: Telemetry data link for real-time communication with ground control station.

7. Sensors:

• Camera: High-resolution RGB camera (Model ABC-500) with 20 MP sensor and 4K video
capability.

• Additional Sensors: Optional LiDAR sensor for terrain mapping and obstacle detection.

6. Software Specifications:

1. Operating System:

• PX4 Autopilot open-source flight control software.

• Version: Latest stable release (v1.11.2).

2. Flight Control Software:

• Control Algorithms: PID control for stabilization, EKF for state estimation.

3. Mission Planning and Control Software:

• User Interface: QGroundControl ground control station software.

• Features: Graphical interface for mission planning, waypoint setting, and telemetry
monitoring.

4. Safety and Fail-Safe Software:

• Return-to-Home (RTH) feature activated on low battery or signal loss.

• Geofencing to restrict flight within defined boundaries.

• Obstacle avoidance using LiDAR sensor data.

5. Data Processing and Analysis Software:

• Onboard image processing for real-time object detection and tracking.

• Post-flight data analysis using Pix4Dmapper software for 3D mapping and

6. Communication Protocols:

• MAVLink protocol for communication between flight controller and ground control
station.

• Encryption: AES-256 encryption for secure data transmission.

7. Firmware Updates and Maintenance:

• Over-the-air (OTA) firmware updates for flight controller and connected peripherals.

• Version control using Git for software development and maintenance.

7. Constraints:

• Limitations on resources such as weight, size, and power consumption.

• Budget constraints for procurement and development.

8. Assumptions and Dependencies:

• Assumptions regarding environmental conditions, operational scenarios, and user expertise.

• Dependencies on external factors such as regulatory approvals and availability of components.

9. Glossary:

• Definitions of terms used throughout the requirement specification document.

10. Appendices:
 • Additional reference materials, diagrams, and technical specifications.

11. Revision History:

• Document changes made to the requirement specification over time.