CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY MATHEMATICS 8: TEACHER’S RESOURCE

Exercise 1.4 3 a 4 sweets: 4 ÷ 2 = 2

1 a 33 b 74 c 126 d 155 b 10 sweets: 10 ÷ 2 = 5

2 a 66 b 107 c 39 d 147 c 12 sweets: 12 ÷ 2 = 6

x
3 a 20 + 21 + 22 + 23 = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 = 15 = d x sweets: x ÷ 2 =
2
16 − 1 = 24 − 1 y
e y sweets: y ÷ 2 =
2
b 26 − 1
s
f s sweets: s ÷ 2 =
c No. 30 + 31 + 32 + 33 = 1 + 3 + 9 + 27 = 40 2
and 34 − 1 = 81 − 1 = 80 so they are 4 a c−2 b c+2
not equal.
c
c d 2c
4 a 56 b 156 c 79 d 320 2

5 a 22 b 26 c 36 5 A and v, B and i, C and vi, D and ii, E and iv,

F and iii
6 a 58 b 512 c 516 n
6 a 7n + 4 b −8
3 2 6
7 a 4 b 7
n+4 n−4
c 153 d 150 or 1 c d
5 5
8 a 82 b 54 c 28 d 33 7 a Equivalent to
7x
are: A, E, F, G, J
8
e 120 or 1
x+7
Equivalent to are: D, I
9 a 63 b 64 c 68 d 66 8
7
10 a 27 b 33 Equivalent to x + are: C, H
8
c 24 or 42 d 30 or 1 x−7
3 6 12
b B
11 a 5 b 5 c 5 8
x
8 12 2
8 The answer to a is incorrect. It should be +7
12 a 12 b 12 c 12 5
The answer to b is correct
13 No, Marcus is not correct.
x 1 3x 3
4 2 9 a i + 5 or x + 5 ii − 2 or x − 2
2 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 16 and 4 = 4 × 4 = 16 so these 4 4 5 5
are equal. x 1 5x 5
4 iii 1 + or 1 + x iv 11 − or 11 − x
However 3 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 81 and 2 2 6 6
43 = 4 × 4 × 4 = 64 and these are not equal. b i half of x subtract 9

Exercise 2.1 ii two-thirds of x add 10

1 A and ii, B and vi, C and v, D and iii, E and iv, iii 25 subtract two-ninths of x
F and i iv 12 add seven-tenths of x
2 a 3 books: 3 × 2 = 6 10 a perimeter = 16w + 2v + 6 cm
b 5 books: 5 × 2 = 10 area = 8vw + 24w cm2
5
c 8 books: 8 × 2 = 16 b perimeter =18x + y cm
4
d x books: x × 2 = 2x 45 2
area = xy cm
8
e y books: y × 2 = 2y 11
5 3
a− b
2 2
f b books: b × 2 = 2b

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY MATHEMATICS 8: TEACHER’S RESOURCE

12 a $p + 3l + 2r c A x=y − w d C x = ry
y−t
r 1 e Cx=
b $3 p + or $3 p + r 2
4 4
13 x − 5 has a value of −9. All the others have a
r 1
c $ or $ r value of 9.
5 5
3r 3l 3 3
14 a x = 0, 1 b x=4
d $ + or $ r + l
5 4 5 4 c x=0 d x=0
y  y  D−4
13 a 8  + 3 b 4  + 8 15 a D = 19 b p=   
4  3  w
c p=8
 3y   3y 
c 8  + 4 d 4  + 3 16 a s = 75 b s = 100
 4   8 

Exercise 2.3
Exercise 2.2
1 a 4 × 18
1 A and iii, B and vi, C and i, D and ii, E and iv,
F and v × 10 8

2 a 7 b 1 c 9 4 40 32

3 a 13 b 17 c 72 4 × 18 = 40 + 32 = 72

d 8 e 20 b 3 × 21

4 a 10 b 2 c −9 × 20 1
3 60 3
d −7 e −2 f 7
3 × 21 = 60 + 3 = 63
g 25 h −22 i −22
2 a 6 × 58 = 6 × (50 + 8)
j 30 k −5 l 12
5 a 27 b −16 × 50 8
6 300 48
6 a 10 b −6 c 25
6 × 58 = 300 + 48 = 348
d −11 e 48 f 501
b 6 × 58 = 6 × (60 − 2)
g 8 h 640 i 6
× 60 –2
j 100 k 38 l 10
6 360 –12
7 a i number of seconds =
60 × number of minutes 6 × 58 = 360 + −12 = 348

ii S = 60M 3 a 3(x + 5)

b 1800 seconds × x 5

8 d = 70 3 3x 15

9 a She has added 6 and 12 instead of 3(x + 5) = 3x + 15

multiplying. b 2(x + 9)
b V = 24
× x 9
10 A = 24 2 2x 18
11 Neither, their volumes are the same. Pyramid 2(x + 9) = 2x + 18
A: V = 32 cm3, pyramid B: V = 32 cm3
y
12 a B x=y+8 b Bx=
k

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY MATHEMATICS 8: TEACHER’S RESOURCE

c 5(y − 1) 8 a 14a + 114 b 38b + 92

× y –1 c 70c + 128 d 48d + 7

5 5y –5 e −20e − 33 f 108f + 33g
5(y − 1) = 5y − 5 9 a 2
a +a b b 2 − 5b
d 4(y − 8) c 3c 2 + 6c d 4e 2 + 9e
× y –8 e 3i 2 + 7ix f 3aj − 7 j 2
4 4y –32 g 3k 2 – 6 kx h 3m2 + 9 mx
4(y − 8) = 4y − 32
i 9r 2 – 3rx – 9r j 6a + 4a 2 + 2ab
4 a 3(2x + 1)
k −3xz − 3xy − 3x 2
× 2x 1 10 Equivalent to 40 y + 48 y2 are: A, C, E, H
3 6x 3
Equivalent to 20 y2 + 24 y3 are: B, D, F, G
3(2x + 1) = 6x + 3
8x + 4 cm2 2
11 a b 6 y 2 – 4 y cm
b 5(4x + 9)
12 a 2a 2 + 7a b 5b2 + 8b
× 4x 9
c 8c 2 + 10c d 2d 2 – d
5 20x 45
e 9e − e2 f 39 fg – 27 f 2
5(4x + 9) = 20x + 45
13 a Q1. The expansion 3a + 15 − 9a − 15
c 2(3y − 7) is correct, but he has not collected like
terms correctly.
× 3y –7
2 6y –14 Q2. The expansion 4pq + pr + 2qr − 4pq
is correct, but he has not collected like
2(3y − 7) = 6y − 14 terms correctly.
d 5(8y − 5) Q3. The expansion 5b2 + 15ab + 4a 2 + 6ab
is correct, but he has not collected like
× 8y –5 terms correctly.
5 40y –25
b Q1. −6a, Q2. pr + 2qr,
5(8y − 5) = 40y − 25 Q3. 4a 2 + 5b2 + 21ab
5 a 6a + 36 b 5b + 35 14 Area = 3x (3x + 4 ) + 2 x ( 2 x – 1)
c 7c − 56 d 6d − 54 = 9x 2 + 12 x + 4 x 2 − 2 x
e 40 + 5e f 49 +7f = 13x 2 + 10 x
15 a 4(3x + 7) = 12x + 28
g 36 − 6g h 35 − 5h
b 3x ( 2 x – 1) = 6 x 2 – 3x
6 a 56i + 63 b 48 + 42j
c 6(5x − 3) = 30x − 18
c 30k − 35 d 56 − 63l
d 5x (9 – x ) = 45x – 5x 2
e 54a + 48m f 35b + 30n
e 2(2x + 4) + 3(4x − 8) = 16x − 16
g 49c − 56x h 54px + 48y
f x ( 4 x + 1) – 2 x ( x – 5) = 2 x 2 + 11x
7 No, 4a − 28 is not the same as 28 − 4a

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Exercise 2.4 8 A and iii, B and iv, C and ii, D and i

1 a × x 6 9 a m(7m + 1) b 5a(a − 3)
2 2x 12 c t(t + 9) d 4h(2 − h)
2(x + 6) = 2x + 12 e 3y(1 + 4y) f 4y(3 − 4y)
b × x 5 g 8e(2e + 1) h 3(5e + 2i)
3 3x 15 10 a 14cd − 7c = 7c(2d − 1)
3(x + 5) = 3x + 15 b 12a + 8ab = 4a(3 + 2b)
c × y –3 c 21g + 15gh = 3g(7 + 5h)
5 5y –15
d 30w − 15tw = 15w(2 − t)
5(y − 3) = 5y − 15
11 a 2a + 4h + 8 = 2(a + 2h + 4)
d × y –7
b 5b − 25 + 5j = 5(b − 5 + j)
4 4y –28
c 12tu + 16u − 20 = 4(3tu + 4u − 5)
4(y − 7) = 4y − 28
d 3e 2 + 4e + ef = e(3e + 4 + f )
2 a 2 x + 12 = 2(x + 6)
e 7 k − k 2 − ak = k (7 − k − a )
b 3 x + 15 = 3(x + 5)
f 6 n2 − 9n + 3mn = 3n ( 2 n − 3 + m)
c 5y − 15 = 5(y − 3)
12 a Top left: 4x(6 + 8x)
d 4y − 28 = 4(y − 7) Top right: 2(12 x + 16 x 2 )
3 a 2 x + 8 = 2(x + 4) b 3 x + 9 = 3(x + 3) Bottom left: x(24 + 32x)
c 5y − 25 = 5(y − 5) d 7y − 14 = 7(y − 2) Bottom right: 8x(3 + 4x)

4 a 3(2 x + 1) = 6 x + 3 b Bottom right: 8x(3 + 4x)

b 4(3 x + 1) = 12x + 4 13 a 7x + 7 b 7(x + 1)

c 2(5y − 1) = 10y − 2 14 Correct solution:

5(3x − 2 ) − 5( 2 + x ) = 15x − 10 − 10 − 5x
d 6(4y − 1) = 24y − 6
= 10 x − 20
5 a 6 x + 3 = 3(2 x + 1) = 10( x − 2 )
b 12 x + 4 = 4(3 x + 1)
She has made a mistake on the first line of the
c 10y − 2 = 2(5y − 1) expansion. Her last term is + 5x and it should
be − 5x.
d 24y − 6 = 6(4y − 1)
She has done:
6 a 4 x + 6 = 2(2 x + 3)
5(3x − 2 ) − 5( 2 + x ) = 15x − 10 − 10 + 5x
b 6 x − 15 = 3(2 x − 5) = 20 x − 20
c 35 y + 10 = 5(7y + 2) = 20( x − 1)

d 28y − 63 = 7(4 y − 9) 15 2a(3a + 4 ) − 4( a 2 + 4 ) + 6a( a − 8) = 8( a 2 − 5a − 2 )

7 a 5(z + 3) b 2(y − 7) 16 a length = 2b − 5
c 4(5x + 1) d 3(3w − 1) b perimeter = 16b − 10
e 2(3v + 4) f 7(2a − 3)
g 6(2 − b) h 7(2 + 3d)

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY MATHEMATICS 8: TEACHER’S RESOURCE

Exercise 2.5 4 x +2 ×4 40
1 a expression b formula
c expression d equation 8 –2 10 ÷4 40

2 a
x ×2 2x +1 11 y +3 ×6 30

5 ÷2 10 –1 11 2 –3 5 ÷6 30
x=5
x = 8, y = 2
b 5 a 3x + 5 = 17
x ×5 –2 18

x ×3 +5 17
4 ÷5 20 +2 18

x=4 x=4 ÷3 12 –5 17

c x +4 ×3 21 b 5x + 2 = 27

x ×5 +2 27
3 –4 7 ÷3 21
x=5 ÷5 25 –2 27
x=3

d c 2x − 4 = 12
x ÷4 –1 5
x ×2 –4 12
24 ×4 6 +1 5
x=8 ÷2 16 +4 12
x = 24
x
3 x ×3 +2 26 6 a + 1 = 20
2
x
+ 1 − 1 = 20 − 1
8 ÷3 24 –2 26 2
x
= 19
2
y ÷2 +5 15 x = 19 × 2
x = 38
20 ×2 10 –5 15 b
x
−2 = 9
3
x = 8, y = 20 x
−2+2 = 9+2
3
x
= 11
3
x = 11 × 3
x = 33

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY MATHEMATICS 8: TEACHER’S RESOURCE

x c x is greater than or equal to 0 and less

c − 8 = 16
4 than or equal to 5
x d y is greater than or equal to 50 and less
− 8 + 8 = 16 + 8
4 than 100
x
= 24 5 A and iii, B and iv, C and ii, D and i
4
x = 24 × 4 6 a
x = 96 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
7 a a = 8 cm b b = 50 cm
b
c c = 6 cm d d = 8 cm
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
8 a x = 5 cm b x = 4 cm c
c x = 3 cm −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1
9 a c = 2 cm, d = 50 cm d
b e = 7 cm, f = 50 cm −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5
c i = 5 cm, j = 4 cm 7 a 25 ⩽ x ⩽ 28 b 30 < x < 34
x
10 a − 9 = 5, x = 28 c −15 < x ⩽ −10 d −3 ⩽ x < 1
2
b 4 x − 1 = 3x + 6, x = 7 8 a x > 4 is equivalent to 2x > 8
c 8( x − 2 ) = 16( x − 5 ), x = 8 b x < 9 is equivalent to 7x < 63
11 a 4(2y + 7) = 52 or 8y + 28 = 52 c y ⩾ 1 is equivalent to y + 9 ⩾ 10
b y=3 d y ⩽ 1 is equivalent to y − 5 ⩽ −4
c 4(2y + 7) = 4(2 × 3 + 7) = 52 9 i smallest integer is −2 and not −3
12 y = 104 ii largest integer is 2 not 3
13 a x = 14 iii x could be −2, −1, 0, 1, 2
b i x = −30 ii x=5 10 a i 33 ii 37
14 a y = 40 b z = 14 iii 33, 34, 35, 36, 37
c n=2 d m = 12 b i 25 ii 27
15 B O B S L E I G H iii 25, 26, 27
8 11 8 3 7 4 5 2 9 c i 40 ii 43
iii 40, 41, 42, 43
Exercise 2.6
d i −12 ii −9
1 a True b False
iii −12, −11, −10, −9
c True d False
11 a T b T c F d F
2 A and iii, B and i, C and iv, D and ii
12 a i smallest integer is 6 not 5
3 a 8 ⩽ x < 12 b 1< y < 7
ii largest integer is 8 not 9
c 0⩽m⩽5 d 0<n⩽5
iii n could be 6, 7, 8
4 a 
x is greater than 7 and less than or equal
to 15 b A i 7 ii 10 iii 7, 8, 9, 10

b y is greater than 10 and less than 20 B i −7 ii −4 iii −7, −6, −5, −4

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