P3 Science - Classifications Topic

Classification of Living Things – Flow Charts

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P3 Science
Classification of Living Things

This science revision note aims to help your child

- understand flow charts

- identify the relevant characteristics

- Write out your answers clearly.

Study the classification chart below.

(a) Using the chart above, state two differences between a butterfly and a
penguin.

(b) Using the chart above, state one similarity between an eagle and a flea.

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PART (a)
Using the chart above, state two differences between a butterfly and a
penguin.

STEP 1

Identify where the butterfly and penguin are in the chart.

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STEP 2

Work backward up the chart to identify all the characteristics of each animal.
Then, list them down.

Butterfly:

1. Has six legs

2. Can fly
3. Is an animal that lays eggs

Penguin:

1. Has two legs

2. Cannot fly
3. Is an animal that lays eggs

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STEP 3

Using the characteristics you have listed in Step 2, identify two characteristics
that are different between the two animals.

Butterfly:

1. Has six legs

2. Can fly
3. Is an animal that lays eggs

Penguin:

1. Has two legs

2. Cannot fly
3. Is an animal that lays eggs

Hence, the differences are:

1. A butterfly has six legs, while a penguin has two legs.

2. A butterfly can fly, while a penguin cannot fly.

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FINALLY, put your answer together

Question: Using the chart above, state two differences between a butterfly and
a penguin.

Answer: A butterfly has six legs while a penguin has two legs. A butterfly can
fly while a penguin cannot fly.

Common mistakes

Wrong answer: A butterfly has six legs while a penguin cannot fly.

You are not comparing the same characteristic here (you are talking about the
number of legs of a butterfly while talking about a penguin’s ability to fly). You
need to compare the same characteristic of both animals. This means that if
you describe the number of legs of a butterfly, you must compare it with the
number of legs of a penguin. Similarly, if you describe a penguin’s ability to fly,
you must compare it with a butterfly’s ability to fly.

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Incomplete answer: A butterfly has six legs, while a penguin does not. A
butterfly can fly, while a penguin cannot.

It is not enough to say a penguin “does not” or “cannot”. Your answer needs to
specify the characteristics of a penguin to make a proper comparison with a
butterfly. You have to specify:

1. How many legs a penguin has

2. What exactly a penguin cannot do

Wrong answers: A butterfly is an insect while a penguin is a bird. / A butterfly

cannot swim while a penguin can swim.

While the information in these answers are correct, the question asks you to
answer “using the chart above”, meaning that you can only use the information
found in the classification table. The classification table does not mention
insects/birds or the ability to swim, hence you cannot use these in your answer.

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Let us look at part (B)
Using the chart above, state one similarity between an eagle and a flea.

STEP 1

Identify where the eagle and flea are in the chart.

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STEP 2

Work backward up the chart to identify all the characteristics of each animal.
Then, list them down.

Eagle:

1. Has two legs

2. Can fly
3. Is an animal that lays eggs

Flea:

1. Has six legs

2. Cannot fly
3. Is an animal that lays eggs

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STEP 3

Using the characteristics you have listed in Step 2, identify one characteristic
that is the same between the two animals.

Eagle:

1. Has two legs

2. Can fly
3. Is an animal that lays eggs

Flea:

1. Has six legs

2. Cannot fly
3. Is an animal that lays eggs

Hence, the similarity is:

Both are animals that lay eggs.

FINALLY, put your answer together

Question: Using the chart above, state one similarity between an eagle and a
flea.

Answer: Both an eagle and a flea are animals that lay eggs.

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