Name of Learner: _________________________ Grade and Section: __________________________

THE EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION

TRAVERSE OF AN EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION

I. Leaning Competency

Students should determine, differentiate and sketch a graph through a given problem of
function.

II. Background information for learners

In this lesson, you will learn to apply and familiar with exponents and the functions in
solving exponential functions.

III. Key Concepts

Definition Formulas Properties

Exponential Function
An exponential function is a 1. f(x) = 1. The function will
mathematical function in the always take the value of 1 at
form f(x) = ax, where “x” is a F(x) = ax x = 0.
variable and “a” is a constant 2. f(x) ≠ 0. An exponential
which is called the base of the function will never zero.
function and it should be 3. f(x) > 0. An exponential
greater than 0. function is always positive.
4. The previous two
properties can be summarized
by saying that the range of an
exponential function is (0,∞).
5. The domain of an
exponential function is (-∞,
∞). In other words, you can
plug every x into an
exponential function.
6. If 0 < b <1 then,
a. f(x) → 0 as x → ∞
b. f(x) → ∞ as x → -∞
7. If b > 1 then,
a. f(x) →∞ as x →∞
b. f(x) →0 as x →-∞

Natural Exponential function

This is the most commonly
used exponential function base F(x) = ex 1.ex → ∞ as x → ∞ and
is the transcendental number e, Where, e = 2. ex →0 as x →-∞.
which is approximately equal 2.71828182845955
to 2.71828.

Exponential Growth 1. If a > 0, the range is

In exponential Growth, the (positive real numbers). The
quality increases very slowly at graph is always above the x-
first, and then rapidly. The rate Y= a(1 + r)t axis.
of change increases over time. 2. b > 1, the horizontal
 The rate of growth becomes Where r is the growth asymptote is the negative x-
faster as time passes. The rapid percentage. axis, as x becomes are
growth is meant to be an T is the time and a is the negative.
“exponential increase”. actual number. 3. Using mathematical
notation: as x→-∞, then y →
0.

Exponential Decay 1.If r < 0 and a > 0.

In Exponential Decay, the The function is a decreasing
quantity decreases very rapidly function; y decreases as x
at first, and then slowly. The increases.
rate of change decreases over Y = a(1 – r)t 2.If a > 0, the range is
time. The rate of change Where r is the decay (positive real numbers). The
becomes slower as time passes. percentage. graph is always above the x-
The rapid growth meant to be axis.
an “exponential decrease”.

EXAMPLES:

1. EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION

1. Sketch the graph of f(x) = 3x

Solution:
x -2 -1 0 1 2
F(x) 1 1 1 3 9
9 3

F(x) = 3x f(x) = 3 x f(x) = 3 x f(x) = 31 f(x) = 3 x

If x = -2 if x = -1 if x = 0 if x = 1 if x = 2
F(-2) = 3-2 f(-1) = 3−1 f(0) = 30 f(1) = 31 f(2) = 32
1 1
= 2 = −1 =1 =3 =9
3 3
1 1
= =
9 3
3

-3 -2 -1 1 2 3

-1

-2

-3
2. Natural Exponential Function

Sketch the graph of f(x) = e x−2

Solution:

X -2 -1 0 1 2
F(x) 0.0365 0.0996 0.2707 0.7358 2

f(x) = 2 e x−2 f(x) = 2 e x−2 f(x) = 2 e x−2 f(x) = 2 e x−2

if x = -2 if x = -1 if x = 0 if x = 1
f(-2) = 2 e−2−2 f(-1) = 2 e−1−2 f(0) = 2 e 0−2 f(1) = 2 e 1−2
= 2 e−4 = 2 e−3 = 2 e−2 = 2 e−1
= 2(0.018) = 2(0.0498) = 2(0.1353) = 2(0.3678)
= 0.037 = 0.0996 = 0.2707 = 0.7358

f(x) = 2 e x−2
if x = 2
f(2) = 2 e 2−2
= 2 e0 3
= 2(1)
=2 2

-3 -2 -1 1 2 3

-1

-2

-3

3. Exponential Growth Function

The number of students at a particular school who have the flu is increasing at a rate of 12%
per day. If at the beginning of Monday there were 56 students with the flu, then how many
students were having flu on Friday?

Given:
T=5
A = 56
R = 12%
X = number of days
 Y = a(1 + r)
x Monday(1) Tuesday(2) Wednesday(3) Thursday(4) Friday(5)
y 62.76 70.2464 78.675968 88.11708416 98.6911342592

Solution:

Y = a(1 + r)t Y = a(1 + r)t Y = a(1 + r)t Y = a(1 + r)t

= 56(1 + 0.12)1 = 56(1 + 0.12)2 = 56(1 + 0.12)3 = 56(1 + 0.12)4
= 56(1.12)1 = 56(1.12)2 = 56(1.12) 3 = 56(1.12)4
= 56(1.12) = 56(1.2544) = 56(1.4004928 = 56(1.57351936)
= 62.76 = 70.2464 = 78.675968 = 88.11708416

Y = a(1 + r)t
= 56(1 + 0.12)5
= 56(1.12)5
= 56(1.7623416832)
= 98.6911342592
100

90

80

70

60

50

1 2 3 4 5

4. Exponential Decay

The number of students at a particular school who have the flu is increasing at a rate of
12% per day. If at the beginning of Monday there were 56 students with the flu, then how many
students were having flu on Friday?
 Given:
T=5
A = 56
R = 12%
X = number of days
Y = a(1 – r)

Solution:

x Monday(1) Tuesday(2) Wednesday(3) Thursday(4) Friday(5)

y 49.28 43.3664 38.162432 33.58294016 29. 5529873408
Y = a(1 – r)t Y = a(1 – r)t Y = a(1 – r)t Y = a(1 – r)t
= 56(1 - 0.12)1 = 56(1 - 0.12)2 = 56(1 - 0.12)3 = 56(1 + 0.12)4
1 2 3
= 56(0.88) = 56(0.88) = 56(0.88) = 56(0.88)4
= 56(0.88) = 56(0.7744) = 56(0.681472) = 56(0.59969536)
= 49.28 = 43.3664 = 38.162432 = 33.58294016

Y = a(1 – r)t
= 56(1 - 0.12) 5
= 56(0.88)5
= 56(0.5277319168)
= 29. 5529873408

50

40

30

20

10

1 2 3 4 5
IV. ACTIVITY PROPER

This following activity can enhance your skills in solving problem through exponential
functions and its relatives.

ACTIVITY 1:

Graph the following given functions.

1. F(x) = 2 x−3
2. F(x) = 4 x
1
3. F(x) = e x− 2

Solve for Exponential growth and decay functions.

Problem:

In 1910, the population of a city was 120,000. Since then, the population has increased by
exactly 1.5% per year. If the population contuse to grow at this rate. What will the population
be in 1914?

Rubric for solving problem

SCORES DESCRIPTION
5 Solution is accurate and complete. The graph is correct.
4 Solution is accurate and complete but the final answer and graph is wrong.
3 No solution but correct final answer and graph is correct.
2 Solution is correct but no final answer and the graph is correct.
1 The solution final answer and graph is totally wrong.

ACTIVITY 2.

To summarize what you have learned in this lesson, answer the following questions below:

1. Differentiate between exponential growths to exponential decay.

2. What are the properties in solving exponential function?
3. How would you apply exponential function in real-life situation?

V. Reflection

In this lesson, I learned

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VI. ANSWER KEY

ACTIVITY 1.

1.
X -2 -1 0 1 2
F(X) 1 1 1 1 1
32 16 8 4 2

-2 -1 1 2

2.

X -2 -1 0 1 2
F(X) 1 1 1 4 16
16 4

16

12

-2 -1 1 2

3.
X -2 -1 0 1 2
F(X) 0.08 0.2 0.6 1.6 4.5

5
4
3
2
1

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
4.
X 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914
Y 120,000 121,000 123,627 125,481.41 127,363.63

127K
126K
125K
124K
123K
122K
121K
120K

1910 1911 1912 1913 1914

5.
X 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914
Y 120,000 118,200 116,427 114,680.595 112,960.39

120K
119K
118K
117K
116K
115K
114K
113K
112K
111K

1910 1911 1912 1913 1914

ACTIVITY 2.

1. Exponential growth function is the quality increases very slowly at first, and then rapidly.
The rate of change increases over time. The rate of growth becomes faster as time passes.
The rapid growth is meant to be an “exponential increase”. While exponential decay
function is the quantity decreases very rapidly at first, and then slowly. The rate of change
decreases over time. The rate of change becomes slower as time passes. The rapid growth
meant to be an “exponential decrease”
2. 1. f(x) = 1. The function will always take the value of 1 at x = 0.
2. f(x) ≠ 0. An exponential function will never zero.
3. f(x) > 0. An exponential function is always positive.
 4. The previous two properties can be summarized by saying that the range of an
exponential function is (0,∞).
5. The domain of an exponential function is (-∞, ∞). In other words, you can plug every x
into an exponential function.
6. If 0 < b <1 then,
a. f(x) → 0 as x → ∞
b. f(x) → ∞ as x → -∞
7. If b > 1 then,
a. f(x) →∞ as x →∞
b. f(x) →0 as x →-∞

3. Answers may vary.

ACTIVITY 3.

REFLECTIONS of the students may vary.

VII. REFERENCES

General Mathematics Textbook

Quarter 1 – Module 4
Exponential Functions

Lumen Learning
Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
https://courses.lumenlearning.com

Pauls Online Math Notes

Exponential Functions – Calculus I
https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu>calci

Math Insight
The Exponential function
https://mathinsight.org>exponetialfunction

Prepared by:

JEROME B. LADION
Calculus II – Learner