201382 _ Environmental Design for Architecture

Second Semester (2021-2022)

Department of Architecture M.Arch. Yasmine Soudi

Introduction to Environmental Design

(Green Building Goals, Processes, Codes and Guidelines)

References:
• Ching, F. and Shapiro, I. (2014). Green Building Illustrated. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• Jordan Green Building Council. (2017). Your Guide to Green Buildings in Jordan Booklet.
• Jadhav, N.Y. (2016). Green and Smart Buildings: Advanced Technology Options. Singapore: Springer Science and Business
• .‫ دليل المباني الخضراء األردني‬. )2012( .‫وزارة األشغال العامة واإلسكان‬
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GnYHFRq7-5s
Threats…

• Relying on Fossil Fuels.

• Run out of oil.
• Natural resources are becoming scarcer.
• Climate change.
• Global temperatures are rising.
• Fresh water is becoming scarce.
• Storms and floods.
How do Buildings affect the Environment?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ap65Hnddfv4
How we can act to these problems?
• Reducing energy use in buildings.
• Eco-friendly structures.
• Benefit from renewable energy.
Environmental Design
• Reducing carbon.
Green Buildings
• Choosing suitable materials.
• Thinking of indoor environment Sustainable Developments
for better air quality, and to
produce healthy spaces.
Why Environmental Design?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDATY3av_48
Course Syllabus
Textbook

2014
References
2017
2017
 Loads on Buildings
Stresses or pressures on our buildings
and on our everyday lives: temperature
extremes, blustery winds, driving rain,
and the searing sun.

Loads that are more subtle in their

effects, such as humidity.

Loads that are simple, such as darkness.

Loads that are living, such as insects,

rodents, birds, and other animal life.

Loads result from human activity, such

as noise, air, and light pollution.

Source: Ching, F. and Shapiro, I. 2014. Green Building Illustrated. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
 Energy Consumption by Sector

Such as the heating, cooling,

and lighting of buildings

Building-related energy use has been identified as one of the major causes of
greenhouse gases, most significantly carbon dioxide

Source: Ching, F. and Shapiro, I. 2014. Green Building Illustrated. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
 Energy Consumption

Source: Ching, F. and Shapiro, I. 2014. Green Building Illustrated. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
 There is a critical need to
reduce energy consumption
and greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions generated by the use
and maintenance of buildings
over their life span.
 Building Life Cycle
Source: Jordan Green Building Council. 2017. Your Guide to Green Buildings in Jordan Booklet.
Energy Sources
• Renewable • Non-renewable
Solar Fossil fuels
Wind Oil
Biomass Natural gas
Hydroelectric Coal
Geothermal Nuclear
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QptExNJCgEU
What is Sustainability?
• According to Oxford Dictionary, the term ‘sustainable’ is defined as
“able to be maintained at a certain rate or level; conserving an
ecological balance by avoiding depletion of natural resources”.

• The term ‘sustainable architecture’ may be defined as “the

management of the architectural design through employing design
techniques that minimise environmental degradation and make use
of low-impact materials and energy sources”.

• In economics, the term ‘sustainability’ is used by nations that had

rare resources, and at the same time favoured fast returns and
economic growth.
 Dimensions of Sustainability

Source: Al-Jokhadar, A. 2018. Towards a Socio-Spatial Parametric Grammar for Tall Residential Buildings in Hot-Arid Regions - Learning
from the Vernacular Model of the Middle East and South Africa. PhD Thesis, Cardiff University, UK. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/111874/
What is Green Building?
• Green Building comes in as an application of sustainability, and it is defined by
World Green Building Council (http://www.worldgbc.org/), as:

“a building that, in its design, construction or operation, reduces or

eliminates negative impacts, and can create positive impacts, on our
climate, health and natural environment.”
Green Buildings Key Objectives
Lowering Reserving
Enhancing
Operational Natural
Communities
Cost Resources

Increasing Lowering Providing

Return on Greenhouses Gas Comfort
Investment Emissions and Quality

Creating Managing
Green Jobs Waste
Green Design (3 Rs)

REDUCE: Make more efficient by design.

REUSE: Building being demolished should in

most cases be renovated and reused.

RECYCLE: A process of deconstruction, and

taking the building apart. Therefore its
components could be either recycled
(concrete, steel, timber, etc.) or reused
(windows, doors, bricks, etc.).
Some key features that Green Buildings include:

• Efficient use of energy, water and other resources

• Use of renewable energy, such as solar energy
• Pollution and waste reduction measures, and the enabling of reuse and recycling
• Good indoor environmental air quality, water quality, thermal comfort, low noise pollution
• Use of materials that are non-toxic, ethical and sustainable
• The use of locally/regionally produced material, as it touches on the social aspect with regards to
local/regional job creation, as well as the minimization of emissions related to transportation
• Consideration of the environment, vegetation and native plants
• Consideration of the quality of life of occupants in design, construction and operation
• A design that enables adaptation to a changing environment
First Principles:
A principle of green design is to use multiple layers of shelter to
improve the effectiveness of protection from loads:

• Air barriers and weather stripping are better able to resist wind-induced
infiltration if the wind has first been slowed by trees or other wind breaks.
• Selecting a site naturally sheltered from wind.
• Using trees, fencing, and possibly adjacent buildings as wind barriers
• Installing a continuous form of siding.
• Using insulation that resists air movement.
• Sealing exterior wall assemblies.
• Positioning an unheated space to buffer interior spaces.
Source: Ching, F. and Shapiro, I. 2014. Green Building Illustrated. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Green Building Codes
and Institutions U.S. Green Building Council
LEED USGBC

International Building Code (IBC) in the US:

- International Energy Conservation Code (Requirements for

energy conservation)
- International Mechanical Code (Requirements for ventilation)
- International Plumbing Code (Requirements for water
conservation)
- International Green Construction Code (in collaboration with
the American Institute of Architects (AIA), the United States
Green Building Council (USGBC), the American Society of
Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
(ASHRAE), the Illuminating Engineering Society (IES), and
ASTM International.
According to US Green Building Council – LEED
(Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design),
measuring and rating sustainability and environmental
performance of buildings are in the following areas:
o Sustainable Sites
o Water Efficiency
o Energy and Atmosphere
o Indoor Environmental Quality
o Innovation in Operation and Regional Priority
o Materials and Resources
Source: Ching, F. and Shapiro, I. 2014. Green Building Illustrated. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
https://web.facebook.com/Jordan.Green.Building.Council/
The Building Research Establishment Environmental
Assessment Method (BREEAM):
It is a system established in the United Kingdom in 1990 by the
Building Research Establishment (BRE) for measuring and rating
the sustainability and environmental performance of
nondomestic buildings in the following areas:
o Management,
o Health and well-being,
o Energy,
o Transport,
o Water,
o Material,
o Waste,
o Land use and ecology,
o Pollution.

Several BREEAM approaches are referenced in the LEED rating

system and in other codes, guidelines, and standards.
The Standard for the Design of High-Performance Green
Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings, developed
by ASHRAE in conjunction with the USGBC and the Illuminating
Engineering Society (IES) and formally referenced as
ANSI/ASHRAE/USGBC/IES Standard 189.1.

The standard provides simple compliance options and more

flexible performance options, developed in model code language
so that it can be readily adopted by federal, state, and local
authorities.
The standard itself is not a design guide and is intended to
complement rather than compete with current green building rating
systems.

The standard has a particular focus on energy conservation, and also

sets minimum requirements for:
o sustainable sites;
o water use efficiency;
o indoor environmental quality;
o impact on the atmosphere, materials and resources; and
o construction and operations plans.
 EDGE “Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiencies” is an online platform, a green
building standard and a certification system for over 150 countries.

The EDGE application helps to determine the most cost-effective options for
designing green within a local climate context.
EDGE can be used for buildings of all vintages, including new construction, existing
buildings and major retrofits.

A project that reaches the EDGE standard of 20 percent less energy use, 20
percent less water use, and 20 percent less embodied energy in materials
compared to a base case building can be independently certified. The value of
EDGE certification is a promotional advantage, as customers benefit from lower
utility bills.

https://www.edgebuildings.com/
19.10.2020
Green Globes is an online environmental rating and certification system
for commercial buildings that is promoted as an affordable and streamlined
alternative to the LEED rating system.

The Green Globes system focuses on the life-cycle assessment of building

design, operation, and management in seven areas:
o Project management;
o Site;
o Energy;
o Water;
o Building materials,
o Waste, emissions and effluents;
o Indoor environment.

Green Globes originated from the BREEAM system but is now developed in
Canada by the Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA) of
Canada and in the United States by the Green Building Initiative (GBI).
https://web.facebook.com/Jordan.Green.Building.Council/

Jordan Green Building Council is Non-profit and Non-governmental organization. It was

established in 2009 to increase and spread awareness about the green built environment, by
encouraging the adoption of the green concepts and practices through planning, designing and
developing the green built environment in Jordan. Categories of Green Building Components are:
o Sustainable Sites
o Water Efficiency
o Renewable Energy
o Lighting
o Heating, Cooling and Ventilation
o External Atmosphere
o Materials
 ‫كودة املباين املوفرة للطاقة‪:‬‬
‫هتدف هذه الكودة إىل تزويد املهندس املصمم ابملتطلبات الدنيا الالزمة لتصميم‬
‫املباين املوفرة للطاقة‪.‬‬

‫‪Jordan Green Building Guide‬‬ ‫دليل املباين اخلضراء األردين‬

‫الدنيا واملثلى لتصميم املباين اخلضراء من خالل توضيح‬ ‫يضمن حتقيق املتطلبات ُ‬
‫املعايري التقنية والفنية الالزمة للوصول إىل متطلبات االستدامة يف املباين وتقييمها‬
‫وحتديد مدى كفاءة املبىن وفاعليته يف‪:‬‬
‫‪ )١‬إدارة املباين واستدامتها يف مراحل التصميم والتنفيذ وما بعد اإلغشاال‪.‬‬
‫‪ )٢‬اختيار موقع املبىن واستدامته‪.‬‬
‫‪ )٣‬حفظ املياه والتوفري يف استخدامها‪.‬‬
‫‪ )٤‬رفع كفاءة الطاقة املستخدمة يف تنفيذ املبىن وإغشااله‪.‬‬
‫‪ )٥‬رفع مستوى نوعية البيئة الداخلية (االرتياح احلراري واإلنساين)‪.‬‬
‫‪ )٦‬اختيار املواد املناسبة للبناء بارض التقليل من استنزاف املوارد الطبيعية‪.‬‬