Topic 7L- Sound

Do Now Activity- Answer the following Qs in your books

1) Why is sound important?

2) Write down 5 different ways that the human body

makes sound?
 Making sounds

LO’s: KEYWORDS:
•Define sound Vibrations,
•State how different animals make Medium,
sound intensity,
•Explain the difference between amplitude,
intensity, amplitude, frequency and frequency,
pitch. Pitch,
Hertz
 What is sound?

• Sound is made when objects vibrate

• Objects vibrating send invisible sound wave through

different mediums (air, water, solids…)
What is sound?
Task 1: Complete the sentences
Flapping their wings really fast
Sound is made… Solids, liquids and gases
Objects vibrating send…. Their vocal chords
Examples of different mediums Sound waves through different
are… mediums
Humans make sound using… By something vibrating
These… Rubbing one leg against their
Grasshoppers chirp by… wing
Hummingbirds make sound by… Vibrate when air moves across
Bats use echolocation to… them
Find their way around
Task 1: Check your answers
Sound is made… By something vibrating
Objects vibrating send….Sound waves through different mediums
Examples of different mediums are… Solids, liquids and gases
Humans make sound using… Their vocal chords
These… Vibrate when air moves across them
Grasshoppers chirp by… Rubbing one leg against their wing
Hummingbirds make sound by… Flapping their wings really fast
Bats use echolocation to… Find their way around
 Making sounds

LO’s: KEYWORDS:
•Define sound Vibrations,
•State how different animals make Medium,
sound intensity,
•Explain the difference between amplitude,
intensity, amplitude, frequency and frequency,
pitch. Pitch,
Hertz
 Intensity, amplitude, pitch and frequency

• Some sounds are loud

and some sounds are
soft.

• This is the intensity of

sound
 Intensity, amplitude, pitch and frequency

• The intensity (volume)

depends on the size of
the vibrations

• The size of the vibrations

is its amplitude
 Intensity, amplitude, pitch and frequency

• Some sounds are high,

some sounds are low

• This is the pitch of the

sound
 Intensity, amplitude, pitch and frequency

• Pitch depends on the

number of vibrations
• The number of vibrations
each second is called
frequency
• Units = Hertz (Hz)
Task 2: Write the sentences below correctly (delete the wrong word)
The intensity / pitch of sound is how loud or soft it is
Amplitude is the size / number of the vibrations
Low / high intensity = large amplitude
The pitch of sound is how loud or soft / high or low it is
Frequency is the number / size of vibrations per seconds
Low pitch = low / high frequency
Frequency units = Newtons / Hertz
Task 2: Check your answers
The intensity /ofpitch
soundofissound
how loud or loud
is how soft itorissoft it is
Amplitude is the size /ofnumber
the vibrations
of the vibrations
Low
high/intensity
high intensity
= large= amplitude
large amplitude
loud or low
The pitch of sound is how high soft it/ is
high or low it is
Frequency is the number /ofsize
vibrations per seconds
of vibrations per seconds
Low pitch = low frequency
/ high frequency
Frequency units = Newtons
Hertz / Hertz
Task 3: Complete the table (worksheet)
Task 3: Check your answers

High Large High High

Low Small High High

High Large Low Low
Low Small Low Low
High Large Low Low
 Making sounds

LO’s: KEYWORDS:
•Define sound Vibrations,
•State how different animals make Medium,
sound intensity,
•Explain the difference between amplitude,
intensity, amplitude, frequency and frequency,
pitch Pitch,
Hertz,
Do Now Activity- Answer the following Qs in your books

A giant hummingbird flaps its wings about

12 times per second and bee hummingbirds
can flap its wings at over 80 times per
second.
1.Which hummingbird will produce a higher number of
vibrations??
The bee hummingbird
2.Which hummingbird will a lower pitch sound?
The giant hummingbird
Do Now Activity- Answer the following Qs in your books

A tuning fork vibrates 500 times per second.

1.How will it sound different to a tuning fork

that vibrates 300 times per second ?
Lower pitch
2. What is the frequency of the tuning fork?
500 Hertz
 Moving sounds

LO’s:
KEYWORDS:
•Describe how sound moves through
Peak,
different mediums
Trough,
•Label the different parts of a sound Wavelength,
wave Source
•Explain why sound gets fainter from
the source
Objects vibrating send sound waves through
different mediums
Particles vibrate so the vibrations are passed
through the air
How does sound travel in a vacuum?
Task 1: Stick the sheet in your book and fill in the gaps
All substances are made from ______________. The vibrating
loudspeaker makes the air particles close to it move
____________________ and ____________________. These
particles make ____________________ particles move,
_______________ out the vibrations. The moving particles
form a sound _____________.

Particles squashed together = _________________ pressure.

Particles far apart from one another ____________ pressure.
Keywords: High, particles, wave, backwards, neighbouring,
forwards, spreading, low
Task 1: Check your answers
particles
All substances are made from ______________. The vibrating
loudspeaker makes the air particles close to it move
forwards
____________________ backwards
and ____________________. These
neighbouring
particles make ____________________ particles move,
spreading out the vibrations. The moving particles
_______________
wave
form a sound _____________.

High
Particles squashed together = _________________ pressure.
Low
Particles far apart from one another ____________ pressure.
Keywords: High, particles, wave, backwards, neighbouring,
forwards, spreading, low
 Moving sounds

LO’s:
KEYWORDS:
•Describe how sound moves through
Peak,
different mediums
Trough,
•Label the different parts of a sound Wavelength,
wave Source
•Explain why sound gets fainter from
the source
Sound waves
Sound waves- peak, trough, amplitude, wavelength
Peak
Wavelength

Amplitude

Trough
Sound waves- Amplitude
Sound waves- Frequency
Progress check: Numbers 1-7

A wave with a larger amplitude will produce

a…

A B
A louder A quieter
sound sound
The number of vibrations / waves per
second is the…

A B
Amplitude Frequency
Higher frequency waves will produce a…

A B
Lower sound Higher sound
Which one has a larger amplitude?

A B
Which one makes a softer sound?
A B
 Which one has a lower frequency?
A B
 Which one has a higher pitch?
A B
Progress check: Answers

A wave with a larger amplitude will produce

a…

A B
A louder A quieter
sound sound
The number of vibrations / waves per
second is the…

A B
Amplitude Frequency
Higher frequency waves will produce a…

A B
Lower sound Higher sound
Which one has a larger amplitude?

A B
Which one makes a softer sound?
A B
 Which one has a lower frequency?
A B
 Which one has a higher pitch?
A B
Task 2: Label the sound wave
• Peak
• Trough
• Amplitude
• Wavelength
• Lowest point of sound wave
• Highest point sound wave
• Height of sound wave, higher =
louder
• distance between 2 adjacent
identical points
Task 2: Check your answers
Peak
Highest Amplitude
point of
Height of sound
sound wave
wave. Higher=
louder

Trough Wavelength
Lowest Distance between
point of 2 adjacent
sound wave identical points
Exit Ticket- Workbook- page 136 – questions 1-5
Exit Ticket- Workbook- page 136 – questions 1-5
Exit Ticket- Workbook- page 136 – questions 1-5
Exit Ticket- Workbook- page 136 – questions 1-5
Exit Ticket- Workbook- page 136 – questions 1-5

500 Hertz

Higher pitch

Size of the gorillas… larger animals produce

lower sounds
Exit Ticket- Workbook- page 136 – questions 1-5

Hit its chest harder

Listen to recordings of different animal

sounds
Task 3: Complete the worksheet
 Moving sounds

LO’s:
KEYWORDS:
•Describe how sound moves through
Peak,
different mediums
Trough,
•Label the different parts of a sound Wavelength,
wave Source
•Explain why sound gets fainter from
the source
 Sound waves spread out from the source

Sound waves carry energy. This energy spreads out. The

further you are, the less energy there is for your ears to detect.
Task 3: Copy and complete the sentences below
1. Sound travels faster in steel than air because…
2. Sound does not travel in a ________ because…
3. Sound waves travel in all…
4. The speed of sound in air (20°C)
is …
5. The intensity of the sound
decreases the further away you are
from the source because…
6.I think that the speed of sound in air that is 40 °C will be
higher / lower because…
Task 3: Check your answers
1.Sound travels faster in steel than air because…
Particles are closer together so easier for the wave to travel
2.Sound does not travel in a……..this is because….
Vacuum, nothing exists in a vacuum and sound needs a medium
3.Sound waves travel in all…
Directions
4.Sound intensity decreases as you get further from the source because.
Energy spreads out, so less energy for ears to detect
5.The speed of sound in air (20°C) is…°
343 m/s
6.I think that the speed of sound in air that is 40 °C will be higher / lower
because… Higher, more energy = faster vibrations
 Moving sounds

LO’s:
KEYWORDS:
•Describe how sound moves through
Peak,
different mediums
Trough,
•Label the different parts of a sound Wavelength,
wave Source
•Explain why sound gets fainter from
the source
 Detecting sound

LO’s:
KEYWORDS:
•Recall that different animals have
Auditory range,
different hearing changes
Infrasound,
•Describe how sound travels to your Ultrasound,
brain amplify
•Explain how microphones convert
sound into electrical signals
 Auditory ranges

Write 2 sentences in your book about the auditory

range of humans, frequency of infrasound and
frequency of ultrasound
Do Now Activity
1.Which animals can
hear ultrasound?

2.Which animals can

hear infrasound?

3.Dogs can hear the

sound of a dog
whistle but
humans cannot.
Suggest what the
frequency of a dog
whilst might be.
Do Now Activity 4. Which animal
has the greatest
auditory range?

5.Which animal
has the smallest
auditory range?

6. Give an example
of a frequency that
an elephant can
hear but an owl
cannot?
Check your answers

1.Which animals can hear

ultrasound?
Dogs, cats, rabbits, mouse, hedgehog, bat, whale, dolphin
2.Which animals can hear
infrasound?
Elephants
3.Dogs can hear the sound of a
dog whistle but humans
cannot. Suggest what the
frequency of a dog whistle
might be.
> 20,000 Hz
Check your answers

1.Which animal has the

greatest auditory range?
Dolphin
2.Which animal has the
smallest auditory range?
Owls
3.Give an e.g. of a frequency
that an elephant can hear
but an owl cannot?
*any number between
16-19 Hz
 Detecting sound

LO’s:
KEYWORDS:
•Recall that different animals have
Auditory range,
different hearing changes
Infrasound,
•Describe how sound travels to your Ultrasound,
brain amplify
•Explain how microphones convert
sound into electrical signals
 The ear
Pinna
Ear canal Cochlea
Ossicles (ear bone)
Eardrum
Ear canal
Air particles
Cochlea
Pinna
Auditory nerve
Ossicles Auditory nerve
Task 2: Label the ear
Outer ear
inner ear
Ossicles (ear bone)
Ear canal Ear drum
Air particles Middle ear
Cochlea
Pinna
Auditory nerve
Task 2: Put the statements below in the correct order

Source vibrates Ear drum vibrates

Vibrations pass to the The vibrations pass to the
liquid in the cochlea ossicles and get amplified

Hairs inside cochlea detect the Impulses travel along the

sound + create electrical impulses auditory nerve and then to the
brain
They then go from the ear
canal to the ear drum It transfers energy to the surrounding
air particles which also vibrate
Sound waves caused by air particles enter
You hear the sound
the ear due to the shape of the Pinna
Task 2: Check your answers
Task 2: Check your answers
6. The vibrations pass to the
1. Source vibrates ossicles which amplify the
2. It transfers energy to the vibrations
surrounding air particles 7. Vibrations pass to the liquid in
which vibrate the cochlea
3. Sound waves caused by the 8. Hairs inside cochlea detect the
air particles enter the ear due sound + create an electrical impulse
to the shape of the Pinna
9. Impulses travel along the
4. They then go from the ear auditory nerve and then to the
canal to the ear drum brain

5.The ear drum begins to vibrate 10. You hear the sound
 Detecting sound

LO’s:
KEYWORDS:
•Recall that different animals have
Auditory range,
different hearing changes
Infrasound,
•Describe how sound travels to your Ultrasound,
brain amplify
•Explain how microphones convert
sound into electrical signals
Microphones detect sound in a similar way to your
ear
How do hearing aids work?
 Detecting sound

LO’s:
KEYWORDS:
•Recall that different animals have
Auditory range,
different hearing changes
Infrasound,
•Describe how sound travels to your Ultrasound,
brain amplify
•Explain how microphones convert
sound into electrical signals
Task 3: Discuss in pairs, write answers in books

• 4 things that cause hearing loss

• 3 sounds that are damaging to the ears if exposed long-term

• 2 ways you can prevent hearing damage

• 1 way a microphone is like the ear

Task 3: Discuss in pairs, write answers in books

• Long-term exposure to loud sounds, head injury, old age,

earwax, sharp objects, disease

• Music, shouting, gunshots, snowmobile

• Reducing volume, ear defenders

• Diaphragm vibrates like the eardrum

 Do Now Activity: How might our ears become damaged?
1. Ear gets blocked by wax A. There is no cure for
2. Accidents or loud bangs can this
damage the eardrum B. Signals are not sent
3. Middle ear can get infected to the brain
C. This might repair itself
4. Older peoples’ bones may fuse
5. Nerve cells in the cochlea get D. This prevents vibrations
damaged with time E. A doctor can wash this out
6. Loud noise damages F. This can be treated with
the cochlea permanently antibiotics
 Detecting sound

LO’s:
KEYWORDS:
•Describe an echo
Echo,
•Calculate the speed of sound as it Absorbed,
moves through different objects Transmitted,
•Explain some practical uses of Reflected,
ultrasound
Sound waves can be absorbed, reflected and transmitted

Sound waves bounce easily off hard objects than smooth

objects
This diagram describe an echo. What is it?
An echo is a reflected sound:
q It’s quieter than original sound
q It’s identical to original sound
We hear echoes in a sports hall not a class room. Why?
An anechoic chamber- world’s quietest room
Task 1: Draw and label the following:
Task 1: Write the sentence out with the correct word

• An echo is a sound caused by the absorption / reflection

of sound waves from a hard / soft surface to the
listener.

• An echo is louder / identical / quieter than the original

sound

• Bats/ pigeons use echoes to detect how far something

is and to find food.
Task 1: Check your answers

• An echo is a sound caused by the absorption / reflection

of sound waves from a hard / soft surface to the
listener.

• An echo is louder / identical / quieter than the original

sound

• Bats/ pigeons use echoes to detect how far something

is and to find food.
 Detecting sound

LO’s:
KEYWORDS:
•Describe an echo
Echo,
•Calculate the speed of sound as it Absorbed,
moves through different objects Transmitted,
•Explain some practical uses of Reflected,
ultrasound
Using this equation to calculate speed, distance and
time.

speed = distance ÷ time

(m/s) (m) (s)

Distance = time x speed

Time = Distance ÷ speed

A sound wave travels a distance of 2000
metres in 0.4 seconds. What is the speed of
this sound wave?

2000 / 0.4 = 5000 m/s

How many seconds will it take for an echo to
reach your ears if you yell towards a
mountain 82 m away? (the speed of sound in
air is 332 m/s)
82 / 332 = 0.25 s
Task 2: Complete the worksheet
Extension:
Task 2: Check your answers

5882.35
1538.46
3846.15
1492.54
5555.55
342.47

Iron, glass, wood, sea water, water, air (cold)

Task 2: Check your answers

Solid

Particles in a liquid are closer together so easier for

vibrations to pass onto each other

A cork has a lot of air spaces but iron particles are

more densely packed
Task 2: Check your answers

More kinetic energy, so more energy and sound wave

passed on quickly
Task 2: Check your answers

Bridge, water, Air

Fish (75/1500= 0.05s), worm (500/5000= 0.1 s), bird (170/340= 0.5s)
Extension:
 Detecting sound

LO’s:
KEYWORDS:
•Describe an echo
Echo,
•Calculate the speed of sound as it Absorbed,
moves through different objects Transmitted,
•Explain some practical uses of Reflected,
ultrasound
They can see by hearing. They send out high frequency sound
waves and it bounces back and they hear (see) the location.

Animals like bats and dolphins

use echolocation.
 Ships can measure the depth of the ocean using sonar.

Receiver detects Transmitter sends out the signal.

the echo.
 Ultrasound Scan of the Baby

A device produces ultrasound. The sound waves bounce off

the baby and back to the scanner which then turns it into
an image.
Ultrasound for kidney stones
Ultrasound for cleaning jewellery
Task 3: Match the uses Ultrasound bounces off the baby and is
Echolocation converted to an image by a scanner

Kidney stones Ultrasound waves help remove

dirt particles from small cavities
Cleaning
Ultrasound waves produced by bats bounce
jewellery
back so they can detect their surroundings
SONAR
Ultrasound makes them vibrate and break apart
Scan of so they can be passed out of the body easily
foetus Ships send ultrasound waves into the sea which
bounce back- helps detect animals, submarines,
depth of sea
Task 3: Check your answers Ultrasound bounces off the baby and is
Echolocation converted to an image by a scanner

Kidney stones Ultrasound waves help remove

dirt particles from small cavities
Cleaning
Ultrasound waves produced by bats bounce
jewellery
back so they can detect their surroundings
SONAR
Ultrasound makes them vibrate and break apart
Scan of so they can be passed out with urine easily
foetus Ships send ultrasound waves into the sea which
bounce back- helps detect animals, submarines,
depth of sea
 Detecting sound

LO’s:
KEYWORDS:
•Describe an echo
Echo,
•Calculate the speed of sound as it Absorbed,
moves through different objects Transmitted,
•Explain some practical uses of Reflected,
ultrasound
Exit Ticket

Outline the differences between the intensity and pitch

of sound (6 marks)
Intensity is how loud or soft a sound is (volume) and
pitch is how high or low a sound is. Intensity is
measured in Decibels and pitch is measured in Hertz.
The intensity of sound is affected by the amplitude
of the sound wave but the pitch is affected by the
frequency.
Revision checklist for Finals