EXPERIMENT NO: 35 NAME: To Study OPAMP As An Astable Multvibrator OBJECTIVE ‘Study to design 1C741 as an Astable Mult- vibrator. EQUIPMENTS:- : BE-OPT Trainer kit : Power Supply 5 Patch cords: 2 Dso, : Maltemeter . THEORY: The output ofthe op amp is forced to swing repetitively between positive saturation +Vsat and negative saturation-Vsat resulting in square wave output this circuit is also called as fee running mulivibrator or square wave generator. The output of op amp wil be in Positive saturation if ciferential input voltage is negative and vice versa. The differential voltage Ve-BVsat where B is the feedback facior Vois is the potental at non inverting terminal of op amp, a es Consider the instant at which VO= +Vsat_ Now the capactor charges exponentially towards +Vsat through R. Automatically vd increases and crosses zero. This happarG when Ve=rBsat the moment Vd becomes positive due to further charging of the capacitor, output changes to -Vat. Now the capacitor starts to discharge to zero sng recharge towards —Vsat. Now Vd decreases and crosses zero .This happens whien Vie Paste ELECTRONS OU PPL HPOHHOHHDHOHD OHO DOL 9 ] ~ 4 @ a é ¢ e ¢ e e e e + e . . . - . DOP DDPDODDDPPDDD Uiww % at ty . feat, The moment Ve becomes negative again . output changes sVsat. this te Completes one cycle hn sre tive period Tof fe square wave WTEZA.CIN(1#B)/(18) | pis mage % , T#2.2RC. » i) PROCEDURE: an x zy AWW v Su i av aA A a tape a Seto Tay SR fv af y aa sau ! \ . rn ali v = mo aad a ia wW my Figure 1: Astable M. V. Using OPAMP wre s Make the connections on BE-OPT board as shown in practical circuit. 2 2 May tive 15V fo pin 7 and ~ve 15Vt0 pin 4of op-amp a7 FTeeice he value of R2 according to your design oe 1 Sten on power supply ar + Syfte o Fealue of Time period and Frequency using formula 2565" YOU" value TW of Ri, R2and = |, _ OB. Ra am: avoform on oxitoscope. Measure the Tine pio ora Fresi60°} DESIG! wa Consider — om R=47 KO ©=0.1 pf (104) disc capacitor wa 10 Ka resistor R2 = 10 KO variable POT. rd Be the calculations as per design formulas es OBSERVATION TABL! a ‘Sr. no. Description Calculated ‘Observed > R2= 10KO \ wy 1 period 1,03 mSec. 1.134 mSec_ a> Frequency 968.33 Hz, 88.152 Hz 2 il TT er fr reeence nly sa vaesmay ler om 2) ee [BASIC ELECTRONICSRe 10k — a 5 ole oem |e ae [cain aes “an WN Ra LY WAVEFORMS:- 41) When R2 is at 10K0. Observed frequency is 881.152 Hz. Curved waveform shows the capacitor charging and discharging. Fie Format abot Sona Folger Su TW’ Mos 000s savermice ns Acton save Terabe ft Sony cH Sco 4 So0ns Ons 2am Caren Foie 6 AN, WORK ASSIGNMENT: Use R = 2.2 KO, C= 1uf capacitor, Rt = 10 KA resistor, R2 = the calculated and observed readings. 1K@ variable POT. Verity DESIGN FORMULAS Time period T=2 R C In (1+BY (1-8) Where B, the feedback factor =R2/ (R1+R2). CONCLUSION: We studied the design of Astable Multivibrator using op-amp and observed that the calculated and observed readings of Astable Multivibrator are almost same. BASIC ELECTRONICS ile road 2Pnnn 2? alae ine yp (fEXPERIMENT NO: 36 NAMI To Study Of OPAMP As A Monostable Multvibrator OBJECTIVE: ‘Study to design IC741 as a Mono-stable Mult-vibrator EQUIPMENTS;- BE-OPT Trainer kit Power Supply, Patch cords, DSO. Mult:meter. ‘THEORY: ‘The main component of this circuit is the 741, a general-purpose operational amplifier. A monostable multvibrator is a timing circuit that changes state once triggered, but retumns ‘o its onginal state after a certain time delay. It got its name from the fact that only one of its output states is stable. Its also known as a ‘one-shot’ A negative tigger pulse at the input forces the output of the op amp to logic ‘high. These charges up C2 which keeps the non-inverting input ofthe op amp temporarily higher then the inverting input, maintaining the output high for a certain period of time. Eventually G2 discharges to ground and the op amp output swings back to logic Tow. The duration ot {he pulse is defined by R2 and C2. The ‘one-shot has several applications, which include dividing the frequency of the input signal and converting an iregular input pulse to Uniform output pulse, Ey . BASIC ELECTRONICS a ODD LDDDDDDDSSSES» veeed co-stable M. V. Using OPAMP Figure 1: Mon« «Make re cornecdions on BE-OFT H>aies Sa practical circuit + eon ave 15V to pin 7 and-ve 1SVt0 814 ‘of op-amp, 2 ‘Switen on power SuPPIY + Gotculate the value of low Time period USi0g formula as per your value of R1. R2 Rg and C1 «epi low going tigger pulse as input at pert} from trigger 1 2 Reply te waveform on CRO, Measure the THe period DESIGN: Consider Ri, R2 = 10KA resistor, Rg = 20 Ka resistor. Ra = 1 Ka resistor. 1, C2 =0.1 nf (104) dise capacitor. Do the calculations as per design formulas OBSERVATION TABLE:- [Description carauiaied ‘Observed [ow time fon Lae 7386 a msec ‘Table given fr reference only actual values may ‘ifier from above) [Sr no. Fs Ea tt~* msc a |WAVEFORMS:- mero WORK ASSIGNMENT:- Riz 5.1 KO), R2 = 10KQ, R3 = 20 KO resistor, R4= 1 KO, Ete tnt €2= 0.1 pf (104) aise capacitor. Very the calculated and observed readings DESIGN FORMULAS:- ‘The (permanentiy) stable state ofthis circuit has VB = +Vs with node 2 clamped to ~0.6v by diode 1, and node 3 at Votsate 1) =0.6.V + Vg A SR+R “The circuit into its temporary state (Vo = and, after a delay Teane() CONCLUSION:- ie stadied the design of Monostable Mulivibrator using opamp and observed that the , Aieuated and observed readings of mono-stable Multvibrator are almost same, ‘asic ELECTRONS