2023 10th IEEE Uttar Pradesh Section International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (UPCON)

2023 10th IEEE Uttar Pradesh Section International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (UPCON) | 979-8-3503-8247-1/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/UPCON59197.2023.10434688

Automatic Fish Feeder Using Tracking Of Solar

Energy and Internet of Things
Challmalla Sai Deepthi S. Kalpana S. Veda Charan
Student Assistant Professor Student
Department of Electronics and Department of Electronics and Department of Electronics and
Instrumentation Instrumentation Instrumentation
V. R. Siddhartha Engineering College V. R. Siddhartha Engineering College V. R. Siddhartha Engineering College
Krishna District, A.P, India Krishna District, A.P, India. Krishna District, A.P, India
[email protected]

D. Lekhana
Student
Department of Electronics and
Instrumentation
V. R. Siddhartha Engineering College
Krishna District, A.P, India

Abstract -This is an innovative automatic fish feeder that to farmers. In this article, it is suggested that an innovative
combines the usage of solar power tracking and internet of automatic fish feeder system that harnesses solar power
factors (IOT) era to enhance the performance and effectiveness tracking and IOT technology, to address these limitations and
of feeding fish in aquaculture systems. Most of the revenue to the improve the efficiency of feeding fish in aquaculture
Indian government is in the form of aquaculture. So in this systems[3].The proposed feeder system utilizes a solar panel to
project it is proposed that this system to expand the production generate electricity, which powers the feeder's motor, making it
of fishes in a smart way. This feeder system utilizes a solar panel an eco-friendly a possible choice which helps to reduce
to generate electricity that powers the feeder's motor, and a operating costs for farmers. The solar panel is also equipped
tracking system ensures that the solar panel is always facing the
with a tracking system that ensures it is always facing the sun
sun for maximum energy conversion. The IoT component allows
the feeder to be remotely controlled and monitored through a
for maximum energy conversion. Additionally, the IoT
smartphone app or web interface, providing real- time data on component enables remote control of the system and
feeding schedules and food consumption. this can also measure monitoring of the feeder through a smartphone app or web
the temperature of water whether it is suitable to health interface, providing real-time data on feeding schedules and
condition of fish. By using solar energy tracking and IoT food consumption. The feeder can be programmed to dispense
technology, the feeder can be programmed to dispense food at food at precise intervals and the feeding schedules is simple to
precise intervals and the feeding schedules can be easily adjusted be adjusted for the purpose of different fish growth stages[4].
to meet the specific needs of different fish species. Additionally, This can help optimize the growth and health of the fish,
the IoT component allows for remote control and monitoring of ultimately leading to improved yields for farmers. In this paper,
the feeding process, which can reserve some time and improve it is proposed that an innovative automatic fish feeder system
the accuracy of the feeding process. utilizing solar power tracking and Internet of Things
technology to address these limitations and improve the
Keywords- Fish Feeder, Internet of Things, Tracking of Solar efficiency and effectiveness of feeding fish in
Energy, DS18B20 temperature Sensor. aquaculture systems[3].This will avoid the manual feeding of
fish and also avoids the pollution to water which will occur
I. INTRODUCTION
while travelling to boat.
The aquaculture sector is a significant contributor to the
Indian economy, providing employment to over 14 million
people in the country. and according to a survey conducted by
Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, the
total value of fish production in India during 2019-2020 was
estimated at INR 1.34 lakh crore (approximately USD 18
billion)[1] According to the latest data from the Food and
Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, India
ranks second in the world in terms of total fish production,
with a production of 14.6 million tons in 2020[2].The use of
automatic fish feeders is becoming increasingly popular in the
aquaculture industry as result of their ability to ensure a
consistent and precise feeding schedule for farmed fish.
However, existing automatic feeders have limitations in terms
of their energy efficiency and the level of control they provide Fig. 1. Automatic fish feeder using electricity

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2023 10th IEEE Uttar Pradesh Section International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (UPCON)

A sample automatic fish feeder that runs by electricity is manual work and helps us to gain the more production easily.
displayed in figure 1. we can also take the temperature reading of the water whether
it is suitable or not.so we can maintain the health condition of
II. LITERATURE SURVEY fish.the figure 1 shows the block diagram.
A large number of proposed systems “Automated home
based fish farming using Internet of Things” is one that is
suitable to small Aquarium that also controls the temperature
of aquarium[3].Additionally,” Design and implementation of
GSM based automatic fish feeder” is one which uses GSM
technology to feed the fish from far away locations[5]. ” a fish
pond management system run by solar electricity system” uses
solar panels and and a mobile applications to give fed to fish
but to limited dimensions of pond only[9]” Improvement of
automatic fish feeder” is one which carries 5kg of fish at
regular intervals[12].” Smart Live Monitoring of Aquarium An
IoT Application” uses mobile application and measures the pH
level of water for small aquariums only [13]. “A Mobile
Application development of Automatic Shrimp Feeder
System”,uses a mobile application and automation system to
feed the shrimp and measures parameters like pH,dissolved
oxygen, scheduled date and time of feed using electricity[14].
III. OVERVIEW OF THE SYSTEM OR RESEARCH
Now a days everything is running on electricity.the cost per Fig. 3. Flow Chart
unit of electricity has increased that cannot be affordable by a
middle class people. Water level has decreased in the process V. WORKING
of generation of electricity.so using of solar energy is the best In this project we have introduced three different LDR
option.as it is a renewable energy ,we can use this a lot to meet
sensors for three different timings like morning, afternoon,
the required things. In accordance with International Energy
night which measures light intensity. rotating solar panel is
Agency (IEA), the world wide usage of electricity has been
increasing steadily over the past few years, with an average introduced which rotates based on the amount of light
annual growth rate of around 3% India stands in the fourth intensity detected and is connected to the arduino from which
position in consumption of electricity. So, to avoid this we will get commands. these light intensities will be displayed
problem we will use renewable solar energy and IOT .we can in SPP Bluetooth manager app which is an android application
remotely control the fish feeder using our mobile app which connected through IOT platform .here, we also introduced
reduces the manual efforts in together with the pollution in temperature sensor which measures the temperature of water
water. and decides whether it is suitable to fish or not.the temperature
measured will be displayed in the app.We can monitor
IV. NOVELTY OF THE PROPOSED WORK direction the kit using app by giving commands such as if we
This project contains renewable energy known as solar press 5 in app it will move forward,6-backward,7-left,8-
energy which is available in nature.It does not cause any right.to initialize all the above commands Bluetooth
pollution. In this project, it is also introduced the tracking for module(HC05) is needed and acts as connection between IOT
solar energy which will be rotated according to the light application and arduino. with all these requirements we can
intensity.so it will work all the day. system will run with the feed the fish easily.let us see about each and every component
support of mobile application. This means that we can easily used in this project in detailed manner.
control with the help of the android mobile. It will reduce the
The below are the hardware components used inside the
system design:

1. Arduino Uno: Arduino is a well-known maker of

open-source hardware and software with a dedicated
user base and vibrant creative scene. Their primary
objective is to make it possible to build digital
devices by creating single-board micro-controllers
and micro-controller kits. To satisfy the needs of
varied applications, these Arduino boards feature a
wide range of microprocessors and controllers. As
seen in figure [4], the boards contain digital and
Fig. 2. Block Diagra analog input/output (I/O) pins, making it simple to

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2023 10th IEEE Uttar Pradesh Section International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (UPCON)

connect to expansion boards (or "shields"), TABLE I. SPECIFICATIONS OF SOLAR PANEL

breadboards for prototyping, and various circuits. In Power output 3 watts
order to make it simpler to load applications, the Voltage 5-6 volts
boards also contain serial connection ports and some Current 500-600 milliamps
even have USB connectivity [7]. The well-known Type of solar mono-crystalline or
programming languages C and C++ are available to cells poly-crystalline silicon
programmers, as well as a standardized API called Weight around150-200 grams
the Arduino language, to program the micro- Dimensions around 20 x 15 cm
controllers effectively. Encapsulation ethylene-vinyl acetate(EVA) or polyvinyl
material butyral (PVB)
Features of the Arduino Uno Board : When inserted
into a USB port, the Arduino board features a user- 3. DS18B20 temperature sensor: It is a water proof
friendly USB interface that makes it easier to connect sensor which can be used for a long time and most
via a virtual serial port on your computer. This reliable and cost efficiency. The core functionality of
configuration makes use of the serial the DS18B20 is its direct-to- digital temperature
communication's established dependability, which is sensor. The resolution of the tempera- ture sensor is
a tried-and-true protocol. It guarantees easy interface user-configurable to 9, 10, 11, or 12 bits,
with contemporary PCs thanks to USB connectivity, corresponding to increments of 0.5°C, 0.25°C,
increasing overall ease. The ATmega328 micro- 0.125°C, and 0.0625°C, respectively. The default
controller, which is shown in Table 1 along with its resolution at power-up is 12-bit.
characteristics, is the primary component driving this
board. Due to its wide range of hardware capabilities,
such as timers, external and internal interrupts, PWM
pins, and several sleep modes, this micro-controller is
in great demand. Due to its open-source construction,
Arduino benefits from a sizable and vibrant
community that regularly utilizes and fixes the
platform. This helpful neighborhood is crucial in
debugging the projects.

Fig. 6. temperature sensor

TABLE II. TEMPERATURE SPECIFICATIONS

Temperature range -55°C to +125°C

Accuracy ±0.5°C within the range of
-10°C to +85°C
Resolution 9 to 12 bits (user-electable)
Supply Voltage 3V to 5.5V
Fig. 4. ATMEGA 328 Arduino UNO Operating curent 1mA to 1.5mA during
conversion
Interface One wire interface
2. Solar Panel: In this we have used 3 watt solar panel
of size(8*6) inches approximately. Table 2 shows the 4. HC05 Bluetooth module: The HC-05 Bluetooth
specifications of the solar panel it is utilized in the Module is a wireless technology standard that uses
system. The picture in below shows the solar panel. short-wavelength UHF radio waves in the 2.4 to
2.485 GHz ISM band to enable data transmission
over short distances. It permits the creation of
personal area networks (PANs) by providing smooth
communication between stationary and mobile
devices. This Bluetooth module acts as a conduit for
efficient signal transmission and reception. It serves
as a bridge, transferring text data from an Android
phone to the Arduino Uno's serial port. The HC-05
module adheres to the Bluetooth Serial Port Protocol
Fig. 5. Solar panel (SPP) and is particularly made for quick and simple
wireless serial connection setup. Its adaptability

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2023 10th IEEE Uttar Pradesh Section International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (UPCON)

allows it to function as a Master or Slave device,

giving it a flexible choice for wireless technology
needs. It conforms with the Bluetooth V2.0+EDR
standard fully certified, allowing for effective data
speeds of up to 3Mbps.. Its Adaptive Frequency
Hopping (AFH) function improves performance and
reliability. Feature)

Fig. 9. Parameters displayed in SPP manager app

Fig. 7. Bluetooth Module
When we start the system by connecting batteries the the
5. LDR Sensor: LDR, also known as Light Dependent Bluetooth module will start. we have to connect the Bluetooth
Resistors, are crafted from semiconductor substances module to our mobile .the after we have to open the spp
manager app in the mobile and need to pair the Bluetooth
like cadmium sulfide (CdS) or lead sulfide (PbS). In
device .then the connection will be established.in the BT
the absence of light, these materials exhibit high
messenger task bar we will give commands like 1 for forward
resistance, but their resistance significantly ,2 for backward,3 for front,4 for back , 5 for stop, 6 for feeder
diminishes when exposed to light. This phenomenon will open,7 for feeder will close. the system will rotate
occurs due to the interaction of photons with the according to given command. there will be a servo motorto
semiconductor, exciting its electrons and causing the open and close feeder opening. the wheels also will rotate
resistance to decrease. The extent of resistance based on servo motor.
change directly corresponds to the intensity of light
falling on the LDR 's surface, making it a reliable
component for light sensing applications [6].

Fig. 8. :LDR sensor

VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The software used here is bluetooth spp manager.
Bluetooth SPP Manager is a program that enables Bluetooth
serial communication between an Android device and a Fig. 10. Servo Motor system
Bluetooth-enabled device using the Serial Port Profile (SPP).
The SPP profile is used to establishes two Bluetooth devices VII. CONCLUSION
communicating through a virtual serial port enabling them to
exchange data as if they were connected by a physical serial The use of automatic fish feeder technology with solar
cable.Once connected, the Bluetooth SPP Manager can send energy and IoT tracking has the potential to revolutionize the
and receive data in a similar way to a terminal emulator. It aquaculture industry by improving the efficiency and
allows users to send and receive text and binary data, as well as sustainability of fish farming operations. This technology can
ASCII control characters. It also includes an easy to used text reduce the labour required for feeding, minimize feed waste,
editor for creating and editing text files which can be sent over and provide real-time data to optimize feeding schedules and
the Bluetooth connection[7].parameters will display in below improve fish growth rates.
showed format.

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2023 10th IEEE Uttar Pradesh Section International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (UPCON)

However, the successful implementation of this technology [8] Prof. D.P. Chavan , Jayesh B. Nikam , Omkar S. Nikam , Pritesh R.
requires addressing several challenges such as the high initial Mhasde , Yasin A. Sayyed” Design and Development of Solar Powered
Automatic Fish Feeder” by IJARIE 2020
cost, technical complexity, reliability and durability, energy [9] Ahmed Abu-Khadrah; Ghassan F. Issa; Shaukat Aslam; Muhammad
storage and efficiency, connectivity issues, and data security Shahzad “IoT Based Smart Fish- Feeder and Monitoring System” by
and privacy. By addressing these challenges, this technology IEEE 2022
can be made more accessible and affordable for small-scale [10] S.akhila, P.Karthikeyan; Haran M.V. Hari; KrishnanJ. Hari” IoT Based
farmers, contributing to the growth and development of the Domestic Fish Feeder” by IEEE 2018
[11] R. Hafid Hardyanto, Prahenusa Wahyu Ciptadi,andi asmara “Smart
aquaculture industry. Aquarium Based On Internet of Things”,By research gate 2019
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Monitoring of Aquarium—An IoT Application” by IEEE 2018
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