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Chapter 1

The document discusses matrices including definitions, operations, and properties. It covers topics such as matrix addition, scalar multiplication, matrix multiplication, transposes, inverses, and determinants. It also provides examples and exercises to illustrate concepts.

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benrjebfatma18
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25 views55 pages

Chapter 1

The document discusses matrices including definitions, operations, and properties. It covers topics such as matrix addition, scalar multiplication, matrix multiplication, transposes, inverses, and determinants. It also provides examples and exercises to illustrate concepts.

Uploaded by

benrjebfatma18
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter I

Matrices and
determinants

1-1
Section 1
MATRICES

1-2
Matrices
It is impractical to solve more
complicated linear systems by hand.
Computers and calculators now have
built in routines to solve larger and
more complex systems. Matrices, in
conjunction with graphing utilities and
or computers are used for solving
more complex systems. In this section,
we will develop certain matrix methods
for solving two by two systems.
Matrices
A matrix is a rectangular Since this matrix has 3 rows
array of numbers written
and 3 columns, the
within brackets. Here is an
example of a matrix which dimensions of the matrix
has three rows and three are 3 x 3.
columns: The subscripts
give the “address” of each
entry of the matrix. For
example the entry a23 is
found in the second row
and third column

Each number in the matrix


is called an element.
1-5
DEFINITION

1-6
Matrices are comprised of rows and columns:
st
This is a row; the 1 row.

A=

th
This is an element of the This is a column; the 6
matrix (or an “entry” of column.

the matrix).
Transpose of a matrix

1-8
Example of a transpose

•
1-10
Equality Between matrices

1-11
Symmetric and antisymmetric
matrices

Example

Antisymmetric matrix
1-12
Special matrices

Diagonal matrix

1-13
Zero matrix

1-14
Triangular matrix

1-15
MATRIX OPERATIONS

Addition

1-16
Multiplication by scalar

Difference

1-17
1-18
RULES FOR MATRIX ADDITION AND SCALAR
MULTIPLICATION

1-19
Multiplication of two matrices

1-20
Example

1-21
Example

1-22
Example

1-23
Exercise 1

Exercise 2

1-24
Falk’s scheme

1-25
1-26
Properties of matrix multiplication

1-27
Find the percentage of customers of firm 1, firm 2 and firm 3 after
the course of the year.
1-28
Transpose of a matrices multiplication

1-30
Orthogonal matrix

1-31
Section 2
DETERMINANT

1-32
Examples

1-33
1-34
Laplace’s Theorem

Remark

1-35
Example

1-36
Properties of determinant

1-37
1-38
1-39
1-40
Special cases of determinant

1-41
1-42
1-43
1-44
1-45
The inverse matrix

1-46
Existence of the unique inverse

Remark

1-47
Computing The inverse

1-48
Example 1

1-49
Follow example

1-50
Solving equation by matrix inversion

1-51
Example
Solve the linear system using an inverse matrix

1-52
Solving equation by matrix inversion

1-53
1-54
Rules for calculations with inverses

1-55

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