VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

“JNANA SANGAMA”, BELAGAVI – 590 018

TECHNICAL SEMINAR REPORT (18CVS84)

On
“CYCLONE RESISTING BUILDING”
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the
Requirements for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
CIVIL ENGINEERING
By

SHARATH R R

Under the Guidance of

Ms. Archana U
B.E., M.Tech.,
Assistant professor Dept. Of Civil Engineering
Government Engineering College Kushalnagar-571234

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING
COLLEGE KUSHALNAGAR – 571 234,
KARNATAKA
2021-22
 GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE
KUSHALNAGARA -571234

KODAGU, KARNATAKA
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is certified that SHARATH R R (4GL19CV419) has successfully presented a report on

“CYCLONE RESISTING BUILDING” in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the completion
of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING in ENGINEERING as prescribed by VISVESVARAYA
TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY during the year 2021-2022. The cyclone resisting building has
been approved as it satisfies the Academic requirements with technical seminar prescribed for the
mentioned degree.

Signature of the guidance Signature of the HOD

Ms. ARCHANA U Dr.P C SRINIVASA

B.E., M.Tech, P.hd
B.E.,M.Tech

Professor Dept. Of Civil Head of the department

Engineering Govt. Engineering Dept. Of Civil Engineering

College Kushalnagara Govt. Engineering College

 DECLARATION

I am, Mr. SHARATH R R (4GL19CV419), student of eight semester B.E., Civil Engineering,
Government Engineering College, Kushalnagara, hereby declare that the Technical Seminar entitled,
“CYCLONE RESISTING BUILDING” has been carried out by us under the guidance of Ms.
Archana U assistance Professor Dept. of Civil Engineering, GEC, Kushalnagara. In the partial
fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Degree, B.E. in Civil Engineering by Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Jnana Sangama, Belagavi- 590 018, during the academic year 2021-2022.

I also declare that, to the best of our knowledge and belief, the matter embodied in this
Technical Seminar Report has not been submitted previously by us for the award of any Degree or
Diploma to any other university.

PLACE: Kushalnagara SHARATH R R

DATE : (4GL19CV419)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

On presenting the report on “CYCLONE RESISTING BUILDING” I feel great to express my

humble feeling and thank to all who have helped me directly or indirectly.

I would like to express profound gratitude and regards to Ms. Archana U assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering, Government Engineering College, Kushalnagara, for his exemplary
guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the course of this technical seminar.

I am very grateful for all the support and guidance we received from head of the Department, Dr. P C
SRINIVASA . The blessing, help and guidance given by them time to time shall carry us a long way in
the journey of life on which we are about to embark.

I thank our beloved Principal Dr. Seenappa Government Engineering College, Kushalnagara, for
having provided all the facilities that helped us in timely completion of this project.

I am obliged to thank all Teaching and Non-Teaching staff of Department of Civil Engineering, for
their valuable help and support.

SHARATH R R

(4GL19CV419)
 ABSTRAC
Cyclonic storms subject buildings to extreme winds which if the buildings are not able to withstand,
they collapse leading to huge losses during cyclones. Hence the wind load codes of every country
provide guidelines for the design of cyclone-resistant structures. In India, IS 875-3(1987) & IS15948-
2004 describes the wind loads acting on each and every element of the building individually. For a
building to be safe during wind induced disasters, the foundation, the walls as well as each connection
have to be well- built. Hence in this paper the main area of concern will be to tackle the vulnerable areas
and design of the elements in order to make them less vulnerable to the high-speed winds. Keywords:
Cyclones; Wind; Pressure; Suction; Disaster Cyclonic storms subject buildings to extreme winds which
if the buildings are not able to withstand, they collapse leading to huge losses during cyclones. Hence the
wind load codes of every country provide guidelines for the design of cyclone-resistant structures. In
India, IS 875-3(1987) & IS15948-2004 describes the wind loads acting on each and every element of the
building individually. For a building to be safe during wind induced disasters, the foundation, the walls
as well as each connection have to be well-built. Hence in this paper the main area of concern will be to
tackle the vulnerable areas and design of the elements in order to make them less vulnerable to the high-
speed winds.
Keywords: Cyclones; Wind; Pressure; Suction; Disaster.
 CONTEN
1. CHAPTER-1: Introduction 1-2
1.1 objectives 1

1.2 scope of work 2

2. CHAPTER-2: Impact of cyclone 3-3

3. CHAPTER-3: Wind zoning map in India 4-5

3.1 Basic wind speed zone 5

3. CHAPTER-4: Design procedure for wind resistance building 6-7

4. CHAPTER-5: Damage during cyclone 8-8

5. CHAPTER-6: Planning aspects 9-14

6.1 Site selection 9

6.2 planform and orientation 10

6.3 Roof architecture 11

6.4 Wall opening 12

6.5 Glass paneling 13

6.6 Foundation 13

6. CHAPTER-7: Case study 15-16

7.1 Objective of the case study 15

7.2 Study area of India 15

7. CHAPTER-8: Conclusion 17

8. CHAPTER-9: Reference 18
 LIST OF FIGURE PAGE NO

Figure-3.1: Wind zoning map of India 4

Figure-5.1: cyclone damage in building 8

Figure-6.1: Shielding of house by hillock 9

Figure-6.2: Wind shielding of building 9

Figure-6.3: Appropriate location of building in hilly area 9

Figure-6.4: Construction on raised building stilts to prevent inundation 10

Figure-5.5: Desirable orientation and plan from the reducing 10

wind damage

Figure-6.6: Type of roof damage due to wind 11

Figure-6.7: Overhanging 12

Figure-6.8: Unclosed opening on wind 12

Figure-6.9: Shutter and window 12

Figure-6.10: protection of class panel 13

Figure-6.11: Adopted anchorage door and window 13

Figure-6.12: Recommended edge distance of foundation 14

Figure-7.1: cyclone acting on south India 16

Figure-7.2: Thamil Nadu cyclone resisting building 16

Figure-7.3: Australia cyclone resisting building 16

CYCLONE RESISTING 2021-

CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION
Cyclone is basically a violent storm characterized by high winds rotating about a center of low
atmospheric pressure. Around 32% of loss per year in the Asia-Pacific region by the natural disasters is
solely due to cyclones and other wind-induced disasters. Hence wind becomes the primary force of concern
which governs the design of buildings in cyclone-prone areas. And the cyclone-prone areas are vulnerable to
high speed winds that can go as high as 200kmph. That is why there has to be proper estimation on the
amount of load that the building has to withstand due to the wind around it. Every country has its provision
for the estimation of the wind loads acting on a building as a whole as well as the load acting on individual
elements of the building. In India as well there are standard code for the calculation of wind load as IS875-
Pt.3(1987) & IS15948-2004. These codes give the pressure acting on various shaped buildings and on
different parts of buildings at different locations and topographical conditions. Based on extensive research,
there have been many other suggestions in IS 15498 (2004) that can help make a building less vulnerable to
extreme winds.
All these architectural suggestions, the
engineering solutions and the calculations will be dealt in detail further.

1.1 OBJECTIVE
 The aim of these guidelines is firstly, to briefly explain the action of wind on buildings and state
the general principles of planning and design.
 secondly, to bring out details to prevent the non-structural damage in the various buildings.
 thirdly, to deal with the safety aspects of traditional non-engineered buildings.
 finally, to suggest retrofitting details which could be adopted in existing buildings to minimize
the damages under high winds. Suggestions are also included for safety against storm surge.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, GEC, Page - 1

CYCLONE RESISTING 2021-

1.2 SCOPE OF WORK

These guidelines deal with the construction of wind/cyclone resistant buildings of both engineered
and non - engineered types. The proposed measures are generally applicable to wind resistant construction,
but have particularly been framed keeping in view the regions having wind velocity greater than or equal
to 39 m/sec. Wind zoning map of India is given in IS: 875 (Part III) - 1987. The same has been redrawn
for various States and Union Territories on 1:2.5 million scale in the Vulnerability Atlas of India (1997).
Such additional issues or provisions which are specifically useful and/or required for cycloneaffected
regions are highlighted. To improve the wind/cyclone resistance of existing buildings, some retrofitting
measures havealso been presented.
In view of the need for cyclone and tsunami shelters in the coastal areas within a belt of about10 km
adjacent to the sea costs the design aspects of the shelters are also covered in the guideline.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, GEC, Page - 2

CYCLONE RESISTING 2021-

CHAPTER-2

IMPACT OF CYCLONES
The coastal areas of India receive a number of cyclonic wind storms practically every year causing
devastation over larger areas due to

 high speed winds, which destroy traditional homes and up- root trees and electric line supports
.
 floods, caused by heavy rains, and.
 storm surge waters, first flowing towards the land then receding back towards the sea,
drowning people, destroying homes, agriculture, trees etc., whatever comes in the path of
the flowing waters.
 High speed wind storms on mainland also many times cause severe damage to buildings,
particularly light weight roofs, free standing boundary walls, etc. and lifeline infrastructure
such as power and communicationtowers and lines. Horticultural crops suffer badly in both
cases at sea coast and inland under high speed wands.
 Although the amin destruction during cyclones or high winds occurs in the traditional non-
engineered buildings built using local clay, stone, Adobe or ago based materials, the
engineered buildings having high sheeted roofs also suffer huge damage unless appropriate
precautions are taken in design as well as construction. Even in heavy construction,
substantial non-structural dam- age occurs to doors, windows, cladding wall panels, etc.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, GEC, Page - 3

CYCLONE RESISTING 2021-
CHAPTER-3

WIND ZONING MAP OF INDIA AS PER IA:875 (PART-3)-1987

Fig 3.1:wind zoning map of India

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, GEC, Page - 4

CYCLONE RESISTING 2021-

3.1 BASIC WIND SPEED ZONES

The macro-level wind speed zones of India have been formulated and published in IS: 875 (parts) -
1987 titled " Indian Standard Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than earthquakes) for Building and
Structures, Part 3, Wind Loads". There are six basic wind speeds 'VO' considered for zoning, namely 55, 50,
47, 44, 39 and 33 m/s. From wind damage viewpoint, these could be described as follows
55 m/s (198 km/h) - Very High Damage Risk Zone - A
50 m/s (180 km/h) - Very High Damage Risk Zone - B
47 m/s (169.2 km/h) - High Damage Risk Zone
44 m/s (158.4 km/h) - Moderate Damage Risk Zone - A
39 m/s (140.4 km/h) - Moderate Damage Risk Zone - B
33 m/s (118.8 km/h) - Low Damage Risk Zone

The wind speed zoning map of Gujarat as per Vulnerability Atlas of India (1997) is shown in Fig. 1. The
cyclone affected coastal areas of Gujarat are classified in zones of 50 m/s, and 44 m/s. The basic wind
speeds are applicable to 10 m height above mean ground level in an open terrain with a return period of 50
years. At higher elevations and longer return periods, the values will be higher.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, GEC, Page - 5

CYCLONE RESISTING 2021-
CHAPTER-4
DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR WIND RESISTANT BUILDINGS

The following procedure may be followed to design a building that will be resistant to damages
duringhigh winds/cyclones.
Fix Design Data
 Identify the national wind zone in which the building is situated. This can be seen fromwind code
(IS: 875 Part 3-1987) or the Vulnerability Atlas of India (1997).
 Corresponding to the zone, fix the basic design wind speed, Vb which can be treatedas
constant up to the height of 10m.
 Choose the risk co-efficient or the importance factor k1 for the building, as for examplegiven
below:

 Building type Coefficient k 11

o Ordinary residential building 1.0

o Important building (e.g. hospital) 1.08
 police station; telecommunication, school, community and
religious b buildings cycloneshelters, etc.)

 Choose appropriate value of K2 corresponding to building height, type of terrain and sizeof
building structure, as per IS:875 (part .III), 1987. For buildings up to 10m height and category-A,
which will cover the majority of housing, the values are:
Terrain Coefficient k2

o Flat sea-coastal area 1.05

o Level open ground 1.00
o Built-up suburban area 0.91
o Built-up city area 0.80

 The factor k3 depends upon the topography of the area and its location above sea level. It
accounts for the acceleration of wind near crest of cliffs or along ridge lines and deceleration in
valleys etc.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, GEC, Page - 6

CYCLONE RESISTING 2021-
Determine the wind forces
 Determine the design wind velocity Vz and normal design pressure pz

 Vz = Vb k1 k2 k3........................................................................................................ (6.1)

 p = 0.0006 zV2 KN/m2 fz or V in m/s z

 Corresponding to the building dimensions (length, height, width), the shape in plan andelevation,
the roof type and its slopes as well as projections beyond the walls, determine the coefficients for

loads on all wall, roofs and projections(2), as for example For Detailed description and values, see
Wind Code IS: 875(3)-1987

 taking into consideration the internal pressures based on size and location of openings. Hence
calculate the wind loads on the various elements nor- mal to their surface.
 Decide on the lines of resistance which will indicate the bracing requirements in the planes of
roof slopes, at eave level in horizontal plane, and in the plane of walls. Deter-mine the loads
generated on the following connections:
o roof cladding to purlins,
o purlins to rafters/trusses,
o rafters/trusses to wall elements,
o between long and cross walls,
o walls to footings.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, GEC, Page - 7

CYCLONE RESISTING 2021-
BUILDING

DAMAGE DURING CYCLONES

The wind pressures and suction effects on flat objects could be sufficient to lift them off and fly
away from their place of rest unless adequately tied down to substantial supports.
 uprooting of trees which disrupt transportation and relief supply missions.
 failures in many cantilever structures such as sign posts, electric poles, and transmission line
towers.
 damage to improperly attached windows or window frames.
 damage to roof projections, chajja and sunshade
 failure of improperly attached or constructed parapets.
 overturning failures of compound walls of various types.
 failure of weakly built walls and consequent failure of roofs and roof covering.
 failure of roofing elements and walls along the gable ends particularly due to high internal
pressures.
 failure of large industrial buildings with light weight roof coverings and long/tall walls due to
combination of internal and external pressures.
 brittle failure of asbestos - cement (AC) sheeting of the roofs of Industrial sheds; failure of AC
sheets is generally along eaves, ridges, and gable ends).
 punching and blowing off of corrugated iron roofing sheets attached to steel trusses.
 though a thatch roof commonly employed in rural construction lacks durability, it provides
greater permeability and attracts less forces of wind compared to an impermeable mem- brane.

Fig 5.1 : cyclone damage in building

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, GEC, Page - 8

CYCLONE RESISTING 2021-
CHAPTER-6

PLANNING ASPECTS
6.1 SITE SELECTION
 Though cyclonic storms always approach from the direction of the sea towards the coast, the wind
velocity and direction relative to a building remain random. In non- cyclonic region where the
predominant strong wind direction is well established, the area behind a mound or hillock should be
preferred to provide for natural shielding (fig 6.1) Similarly a row of trees planted upwind will act as
shield (fig 6.2) The influence of such shield will be over a limited distance, generally from 8-10
times the Hight of the tree

Fig 6.1: Shielding of house by hillock Fig 6.2: wind shielding of building

 In hilly region, construction along ridges should be avoided since they experience an accentuation
of wind velocity whereas valleys experience lower speed in general as shown in fig (6.3)

Fig 6.3: Appropriate location of building in hilly area

 Cyclonic wind storm commonly generated storm tides leading to coastal inundation. In cyclonic
regions, close to the coast a site above the likely inundation level should be given preference in
case of non availability of high elevation natural ground, construction should be done on stilts with
no masonry or bracings up to maximum surge level, or raised earthen mounds as shown in fig(6.4)
to avoid flooding/inundation

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, GEC, Page - 9 -

CYCLONE RESISTING 2021-

Fig 6.4: Construction on raised building/ stilts to prevent inundation

6.2 PLANFORM AND ORIENTATION

 For individual building, a circular or polygonal plan shape is preferred over rectangular or square
plan, but from the view point of functional efficiency, often a rectangular plan is commonly used.
Where most prevalent wind direction is know, a building should be so oriented, where feasible,
that its smallest façade faces the wind (fig.6.5)

symmetric building with symmetric building are more

stabl empty pockets are more
vulnerable

Fig. 6.5 :desirable orientation and plan from the reducing wind damage

 A symmetric building with compact plan form is more stable than an symmetrical building with a
zig zag plan, having empty pocket as the latter is more to wind/ cyclone related damage .
 In case of construction of group of buildings with a row type or cluster arrangement can be
followed in preference to row type. However, in certain cases, both may give rise to adverse wind
pressure due to tunnel action and studies need to be con- ducted to look into this aspect.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, GEC, Page - 10

CYCLONE RESISTING 2021-
6.3 ROOF ARCHITECTURE
 The overall effect of wind on a pitched roof building and the critical locations are shownin
Figs.6.7 It is seen that roof projections and wall and roof corners experience high suction
Accordingly places where typical failures begin are shown in Fig. 6.6.1 Therefore, the roof
projections should be kept to a minimum, say not exceeding 500 mm, or else, the larger
projections be tied down adequately (Fig. 6.7).
 For the purpose of reducing wind forces on the roof, a hipped or pyramidal roof is prefer-able to
the gable type roof .
 In areas of high wind or those located in regions of high cyclonic activity, light weight (GIor AC
sheet) low pitch roofs either should be avoided or strongly held down to purlins andrafters.

Pitched roofs with slopes in the range 22-30o will not only reduce suction in roofs but would also
facilitate quick drainage of storm water.

roofing sheet lift fig 5.6.1 reaper lifts from the rafter fig 5.6.2

roofing sheet lift at the gable end 5.6.3 holding down of rafter to wall inadequate 5.6.3

Fig. 6.6: type of roof damage due to wind

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, GEC, Page - 11

CYCLONE RESISTING 2021-

Fig 6.7: Overhanging Fig 6.8: Unclosed opening on wind

6.4 WALL OPENINGS

Openings in general are areas of weakness and stress concentration, but needed essentiallyfor lighting
and ventilation. The following norms are recommended in respect of openings.

 Openings in load bearing walls should not be within a distance of h/6 from inner corner for the
purpose of providing lateral support to cross walls, where h is the story height up to eave level.
 Openings just below roof level be avoided expect that two small vent with out shutter should be
provided in opposite wall to prevent suffocation in case room gets filled with water and people
may try to climb up on lofts or pegs.
 Since the failure of any door or window on wind ward side may lead to adverse uplift pressure
under roof (see fig 6.9) all the opening should have strong closing/locking arrangement and all
glass/wooden panels be secured fixed (fig 6.9).

Large and thin unprotected small and thick/ wired glass protected with guard
Glass area in window

Fig. 6.9: shutter and window

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, GEC, Page - 12

CYCLONE RESISTING 2021-

6.5 GLASS PANELING

 One of the most damaging effect of strong winds or cyclone is the extensive breakage of glass
panel caused by high local wind pressure or impact of flying object in air. The large size door or
window glass panel a large size door or window glass pane may shatter because they are too thin
to resist the local wind pressures. A broken glass panel of windward side opening increase
internal pressure abnormally and may lead to a chain of events including a roof failure
 Further, recourse may be taken Further, recourse may be taken to reduce the panel size to smaller
dimensions. Also glass panes can be strengthened by pasting thin plastic film or paper strips (Fig
6.10). This will help in holding the debris of glass panes from flying in case of breakage. It will
also introduce some damping in the glass panels and reduce their vibration
 The locking arrangement of shutter should be sturdy and the walls using hold fasts (fig.6.11) so
as to resist the local wind pressure.

Fig. 6.10: protection of class panels Fig. 6.11: adequate anchorage door and window

6.6 FOUNDATION
Buildings usually have shallow foundation for sandy soil and deep foundations for expansive
clayey soils. All shallow foundations should be designed as per IS: 1904-1978. It is desirable that
information about soil type be obtained and estimate of safe bearing capacity made from the available
records of past constructions in the area or by proper soil investigation.
In addition the following parameters need to be properly accounted for in the design of foundation.
 Effect of Surge or Flooding - Invariably a cyclonic storm is accompanied by torrential rainand
tidal surge (in coastal areas) resulting into flooding of the low lying areas. The flurry of tidal
surge diminishes as it travels on shore, which can extend on flat land even up to 10to 15 km.
Flooding causes saturation of soil and thus significantly affects the safe bearing capacity of the
soil. Also the likelihood of any scour due to receding tidal surge needsto be taken into account
while deciding on the depth of foundation, and the protection works around a raised ground

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, GEC, Page - 13

CYCLONE RESISTING 2021-
used for locating cyclone shelters or other buildings.
 Building on stills- where a building is constructed on stilts it is necessary that stilts are
properly braced in both the principle directions. This will provide stability to complete
building under lateral loads. Knee braces will be preferable to full diagonal bracing so as not to
abstract the passage of floating debris during storm surge.

 Building in Hilly Region- In case of hilly regions where construction is made after cutting terraces
on the hill slopes, it is essential that for the stability of slopes, a minimum edge distance of the
foundation from any terrace be kept 1.5 times the depth of foundation (Fig.6.12) and foundation
should rest on the natural firm strata. Further proper drainage of the area be ensured allowing
surface water to flow unobstructed.

Fig.6.12 : recommended edge Fig.6.13:pile foundation

distance of foundation

Fig.6.14: mat foundation

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, GEC, Page - 14

CYCLONE RESISTING 2021-
CHAPTER-7

CASE STUDY
7.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE CASE STUDY

Despite having cyclone warnings and experiences of cyclones every year, why the people have not the steps
to protect from such calamities and why the government is not showing adequate measures to teach and
make awareness among the fisherman community of coastal villages. This was indented to the researcher to
take up this study.
1.To demarcate the cyclone affected area and vulnerable area.
2.To assess the Agriculture damages in the study area
3.To assess the settlement and road ways damages in the study area.
4.To assess the Biological damages in the study area
5.To assess the Boat damages in the study area

7.2 STADY AREA OF INDIA

The study area is India which is constantly at risk because of Tropical Cyclones, storm surges,
tsunami, floods etc. The study area is located north of the equator with coordinates with 8.085N, 68.192E to
37.09N, 97.40E. India is the seventh largest country in the world with New Delhi as its capital. India is
surrounded by Indian Ocean in the south, Bay of Bengal on the southeast and Arabian Sea on the southwest.
Tropical cyclones that hit India are originated mainly from the two basins namely Arabian Sea and Bay of
Bengal during the spring and fall. The main cyclone season in the South Indian Ocean is May-July and
September-December with significant occurrences of storms in April and August. Coastal areas are the most
vulnerable to the cyclone hits and are followed by storm surges compared to the inland regions. The
coastline of India is about 7516.6 km. Ther are 9 Districts share the coastline namely Gujarat, Maharashtra,
Kerala, Goa, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, West Bengal, 3 Union
Territories namely Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep and Puducherry.

Tamil Nadu cyclone resisting building:-

These cyclone resistance building houses are designed to face wind speeds up to 200km/h. These structure is
designed with varies disaster component like column, foundation, plinth and grade beam. The roof will be
designed with purlin strap, corner bracing, j hook, U hook which can give the complete strength to the
house. These building are wind resistance, the water damage and prevent the flood

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, GEC, Page - 15

CYCLONE RESISTING 2021-

Fig.7.1:cyclone acting on south India

Fig.7.2:cyclone resisting building Tamil Nādu

Fig.7.3: cyclone resisting building Australia

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, GEC, Page - 16

CYCLONE RESISTING 2021-

CHAPTER-8

CONCLUSTION

 Tropical cyclones frequently accrue along the coastal region of India and they cause colossal loss of
life and property every year.
 This paper presents, in briefly, the damage suffered by varies type of building and structured during
cyclone, in briefly, the performance of difference construction material commonly used for wall and
roofs, in the colossal regions , has been briefly revived, and some of the deficiency observed in the
current practice, which aggravate failure chances of the structure, have been discussed.
 Simple Tanique of construction, to improve the resistance of structure in better with standing the
cyclonic forces have also been suggested.
 For making a building cyclone-resistant, it has to withstand the amount of force that the wind casts
over it during the cyclonic storm. And hence, it should be accordingly designed.
 For proper estimation of wind loads and subsequent design, wind load code should be followed
properly for the analysis which will then lead to appropriate design with the correct amount of
reinforcements, the correct inclination of the roofs etc.
 Beyond the scope of the code lies the „Interference effect‟ which is due to the presence of other
buildings in the vicinity of the building we are studying about.
 The wind pattern is highly changed due to interaction with other buildings as well. But this effect can
be accounted only by conducting wind tunnel tests. This is a limitation in using the wind load codes.
Wind load code even accounts for the dynamic effects of the wind for high rise buildings whose
natural frequency is less than 0.1Hz.
 The code extends its scope to different building types, different terrains and different topographical
conditions. Thus even with a few limitations, it is highly helpful in the proper analysis and design of
cyclone-resistant structures.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, GEC, Page - 17

CYCLONE RESISTING 2021-

CHAPTER-9

REFERENCES
 IS 875- Part 3 (1987): Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than earthquakes) for Buildings and
Structures- Part

 Guidelines for improving the cyclonic resistance of low rise houses and other buildings/structures

 Bhandari. N.M, Krishna Prem, Kumar Krishen, “Wind Storm, Damage and Guidelines for
Mitigative Measures”

 Arya. A.S., “Improving Wind/Cyclone Resistance of Buildings: Guidelines”

( Part 3 ) , Wind loads on Buildings and Structures”

 Ankush Agarwal, “Cyclone Resistant Building Architecture“, Go-UNDP, Disaster Risk

Management Programmed,

 Guidelines for Cyclone Resistant Construction of Buildings in Gujarat, Gujarat State Disaster
Management Authority,
Government of Gujarat, December-2001
Potty Sambu, Narayanan, Matthews M.S, “Behavior of buildings during Karaikal Cyclone - December
1993”, UTP
Institutional Repository, May, 2013
 J Shanmugasundaram, N Lakshmanan, R Narayanan, TVSR Appa Rao, “Behavior of Buildings to
withstand
Cyclonic Winds-An Experience of Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh”

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, GEC, Page - 18