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Inertial Reference Systems1

The document discusses inertial reference systems and inertial sensors such as gyroscopes and accelerometers. It describes MEMS gyro sensors which use tuning fork and vibrating cylinder configurations. Applications of MEMS include robotics, automotive, avionics, navigation systems, and more. A tuning fork rate gyro is explained which uses Coriolis forces to sense angular rate. A MEMS gyro chip comprises a vibrating quartz tuning fork to sense rate and produce an output signal.

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mohammed hashim
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64 views

Inertial Reference Systems1

The document discusses inertial reference systems and inertial sensors such as gyroscopes and accelerometers. It describes MEMS gyro sensors which use tuning fork and vibrating cylinder configurations. Applications of MEMS include robotics, automotive, avionics, navigation systems, and more. A tuning fork rate gyro is explained which uses Coriolis forces to sense angular rate. A MEMS gyro chip comprises a vibrating quartz tuning fork to sense rate and produce an output signal.

Uploaded by

mohammed hashim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INERTIAL REFERENCE

SYSTEMS
INERTIAL SENSORS
• Gyroscopes and accelerometers are known as inertial
sensors.
• This is because they exploit the property of inertia, namely
the resistance to a change in momentum, to sense angular
motion in the case of the gyro and changes in linear motion
in the case of the accelerometer.
• They are fundamental to the control and guidance of an
aircraft.
MEMS GYRO SENSORS
• Works on the effects of coriolis forces
• Two basic configurations of Gyros
– Tuning fork configuration
– Vibrating cylinder configuration
Technology used to fabricate the above two types of
gyros is known as MEMS(Micro Electro-Mechanical
Systems)
APPLICATIONS OF MEMS
• Robotics • Autonomous vehicle
• Factory automation control.
• Instrumentation • Avionic applications such
• GPS augmentation as
– flight control,
• Vehicle location systems
– standby attitude and
• Navigation systems heading reference systems
• Precision farming – missile mid-course
guidance
• Antenna stabilisation
• Camera stabilisation
TUNING FORK RATE GYRO
• If the base is rotated about the X axis while the
mass is oscillating in the Y direction, the
Coriolis forces induced will cause oscillations
to be built up along the Z axis.
GYRO CHIP
• Comprises a vibrating quartz tuning fork to
sense angular rate which is coupled to a similar
fork as a pick-up to produce the rate output
signal.

• The piezo-electric drive tines are driven by an


oscillator to vibrate at a precise amplitude.
GYRO CHIP
• An applied rotation rate about an axis parallel
to the vibrating tines causes a sine wave of
torque to be produced resulting from the
Coriolis acceleration.

• This oscillatory torque in turn causes the tines


of the Pickup Fork to move up and down in
and out of the plane of the fork assembly.
• This causes an electrical output signal to be
produced by the Pick-up Amplifier which is
amplified and phase sensitive rectified to provide
a DC signal which is directly proportional to the
input rate.
• The pair of tuning forks and their support flexures
and frames are batch fabricated from thin wafers
of single crystal piezo-electric quartz and are
micro-machined using photo-lithographic
processes.
ADVANTAGES OF MEMS

• Small size

• Low power consumption

• Very high reliability

• Competitive cost

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