ASSIGNMENT 2

Highway & Railway maintenance

NAME :
SAKTHYA
SEELAN A/L
MUTHUSAMY
ID :
MAP OF RAILWAY TRACK(KERETA API TANAH MELAYU) IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
SERVICES

a) KTM Intercity

KTM Intercity is the brand name for long-haul passenger train that connect cities and major
town served by KTMB rail network.

The service is provided using conventional locomotives hauled coaches. Service span the length
of the network, except branch-lines. Daily service convey passengers from Johor Bahru, Johor,
to Tumpat, Kelantan and Woodlands, Singapore.

KTM Intercity has also introduce innovative services aimed at making its train not merely a
means of transportation. It is possible for customers to rent specialized coaches for event
management, conference and even wedding.

It has also been involved in various type of collaborations, joint-promotions, and cross-
promotions with all state-level tourism bodies, travel agencies and travel-related industry
players in developing rail package for group travellers.

b) KTM ETS

KTM ETS, which stands for Electric Train Service, is a rapid intercity train service by KTM
utilising electric train-sets. The service started in 2010 using metre-gauge.

It currently operates between the cities from Gemas, Negeri Sembilan to Padang Besar, Perlis.

For example, the travel time between KL Sental and Ipoh is about 2 hours and 20 minutes,
which compared favorably with the previous intercity train travel time of 3 hours and 30
minutes while buses can take up to 3 hours.
c) KTM Komuter

KTM Komuter is a commuter rail service serving the Klang Valley and Northern part of
Malaysia.

The central sector consists of the Seremban Line and Port Klang Line. In addition to the main
lines, there are shuttle services from Sentul to Batu Caves and Rawang to Tanjong Malim. Since
2018, KTM Komuter also operates an airport train service - the Skypark Link linking KL Sentral to
the Subang Airport.

The Northern Sector consists of two routes, namely the Bukit Mertajam-Padang Rengas route
as well as the Butterworth-Padang Besar route.

KTM Komuter is a heavily utilised mode of transportation by commuters working in Kuala

Lumpur as the service is an alternative for road travel, which is occasionally hampered by
congestion. Virtually all KTM Komuter stops offer "Park & Ride" parking lots for those who drive
to and from the station or halt. KTM Komuter ridership is estimated to be about 50 million
passengers in 2010.

d) KTM Kargo

KTM Kargo provides cargo conveyance services , with a network that spans almost the whole of
the KTMB rail network. It is therefore highly accessible from seaports and Inland Container
Terminal (ICT) as well as industrial centers.

Cargo services is a major contributor to KTM's overall revenue. It is set to further enhance its
role with the rapidly growing demand for transportation of goods.
RAILWAY NETWORK

West Coast Line

The West Coast Line runs from the Malaysia-Thailand Border, where it connects with the State
Railway of Thailand, to Woodlands Train Checkpoint in Singapore, serving the West Coast states
of Peninsular Malaysia. The line runs through most of the major stations in Peninsular Malaysia,
such as Gemas, KL Sentral, Ipoh, Butterworth and Padang Besar railway station.

East Coast Line

The East Coast Line branches off from the West Coast line at Gemas, running to Tumpat in
Kelantan, serving two of Peninsular Malaysia's East Coast states, namely Pahang and Kelantan.
Despite its name, it does not run along the coast at all and only meets the South China Sea
when it reach at Tumpat railway station. It runs through the interior, often through deep jungle,
thus earning the nickname Jungle Railway.

Branches lines

There are several branch lines running from the two main lines. Some are mixed traffic, catering
to passenger and freight traffic while others only cater to freight trains.

 Port Klang - Kuala Lumpur - Batu Caves (Mixed Traffic)

 Butterworth - Bukit Mertajam (Mixed Traffic)

 Subang Jaya - Terminal Skypark (Komuter)

 Port Klang - Pulau Indah (Freight)

 Butterworth - North Butterworth Container Terminal (Freight)

 Kempas Baru - Tanjung Pelepas (Freight)

 Kempas Baru - Pasir Gudang (Freight)

THE MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR WORKS DONE BY KTMB

RAILWAY LIGHT SIGNALS

HOW SIGNALS WORKS?

Signaling is essentially a sophisticated traffic light system for the railway. The complexities of
moving trains around such a large network, keeping them safely apart, and allowing for their
long stopping distances, means the signaling system is very complicated and comprises a great
many parts.

The signals themselves are the line side pieces of equipment that tell train drivers when it is
safe to proceed and what route their train will take.

The broader signaling system also includes systems for determining the position of trains,
controlling the railway and operating the timetable, and points that control the directions trains
take.
SOME OF THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF SIGNALLING FAILURES

Points failure: A fault with the movable pieces of track or their operating equipment that
enable trains to change tracks.

Power failure:. They often occur in places where our cables are older or have been stolen.
Power failures can affect systems covering a very large area.

Train/track detection failure: A failure of the systems used to detect trains on each section of
track.

Extreme heat: Very high temperatures can affect signalling systems, causing them to shut
down. They can also affect train detection systems.

Faulty components: Faults in all types of electronic, electrical and mechanical components can
result in a system failure

HOW TO AVOID ACCIDENTS

- Replacing railway signal

- Servicing power system frequently
- Checking track detector time to time
- Installing good quality of signal
components so that it will last long

HISTORY

On the evening of 3 March 2004, a Seremban-bound KTM Komuter train in the Seremban Line collided
with the rear of another Komuter train facing the same direction, which had been waiting at a signal
between Tiroi station and Seremban station for five minutes. Forty were injured, but no deaths were
reported. The accident was ascribed to the faulty signal light (struck by lightning) that stopped the
earlier train, though the driver of the rear-ending train is reported to have run a red light into the
section occupied by the rear-ended train. The resulting crash disrupted KTM Komuter services along the
line for a day. This is so far the worst accident involving the KTM Komuter service.
OVERHEAD POWER CABLES

THE SPECIFICATION CONCERNING THE INSTALLATION OF CONTRACT WIRES AND CARRYING CABLES
REQUIRE THAT:

- The contact wire must be rolled out from the storage drums undamaged neither twisted nor
deformed with the nominal tension of that type of wire and be guided to the installation points
at the brackets.
- The fine control of the nominal tension over several winch wheels is necessary, particulatly in
the case of the high tensile stresses required for high-speed catenary systems.
- The nominal tensional forces must be kept within tight tolerance limits
- The demands on the quality of installation can only be met cost-effectively by using mechanised
methods and combined work processes.
A CATENARY INSTALLATION AND RENEWAL MACHINE OF THE LATEST GENERATION

Fig 5: MOTOR TOWER CAR- MTW(above) with contact wire carrying cable
holding device(left) and measuring pantograph with proximity sensors(below).
WORK PROCESSES

HISTORY

On 27 February 2008, overhead power cables between Subang Jaya and Petaling stations of the Sentul-
Port Klang route broke, causing all train services to be modified to run on the Sentul-Petaling route
instead.

On 18 September 2017, KTM train services suffered a major disruption after an electrical cable snapped
at KM361.76 on the tracks between the Rawang and Kuang stations, causing closure to both of the rail
tracks.
REPAIR OF ISOLATED TRACKBED DEFECTS ON BALLASTED RAILWAY

HOW TO DETECT THE TRACKBED DEFECT

GEOPHONES

The use of geophones for determining of sleeper movements as trains pass is well. Each geophone is
contained within a small cylinder (80 mm height and 30 mm diameter) and is wired to a data
logger beside the track (Figures 2b & 3). The geophones are attached to sleepers using glued brackets.
Geophones provide a voltage proportional to velocity; the recorded data are converted to
displacement by applying the appropriate calibration and integrating
Digital Image Acquisition and Analysis

High speed video and digital image correlation (DIC) can be used to obtain track movements as a
measurement system complementary to geophones. A target is usually attached to the sleeper end
(Figure 3) and videoed. Analysis is carried out using a variant of the DIC technique. The technique
involves identifying corresponding patterns in the subsequent images using a normalized cross-
correlation algorithm. There are two major sources of noise in DIC data due to camera movement
caused by ground- or air-borne vibration. Figure 3: Sleeper end with DIC targets on sleeper and rail and
a pair of horizontal and vertical geophones.

MONITORING

Figure 4 shows a weld next to sleeper 3. This could have been a potential trigger for the
development of the wet bed. However, it was noted that welds were present on the adjacent
track where no wet bed was present. Thus although the weld could have been partly
responsible for the development of the wet bed, there is no proof of this.
RESULTS

Measurements presented and evaluated have shown that of the two remediation methods
applied, the repeated localised digging out and re-packing with chippings pea/gravel had been
ineffective whereas the renewal appears to have resolved the problems at this site, at least over
the period of monitoring. Measurements will continue to be made to determine the long-term
effectiveness of the renewal in remediating the mud pumping issues at this site. Good agreement
between the geophones and DIC method was obtained during site monitoring.

CONCLUSION

THERE ARE MANY MORE METHODS TO REPAIR AND MAINTAIN THE RAILWAY TRACKS IN MALAYSIA. AS
AN ENGINEER, WE SHOULD LEARN ON NEW TECHNIQUES FROM ABROAD TO APPLY IN MALAYSIAN
RAILWAY ISSUES SO THAT IT WOULD BE MORE CONVENIENT TO THE ENGNEERS AND ALSO SHORT TIME
OF REPAIR WORK CAN BE TO AVOID ANY DISTURBANCES TO THE PUBLIC.

THANK YOU