The Hope Science 5

Line to
Line
Notes

Past QAT

Material

Ch. Mansoor Ali 03008848137

Director Project/Pef Partner
 THE HOPE
QUALITY EDUCATION WITH QUALITY MATERIAL

SIMPLE SNC NOTES

AS PER LATEST PAPER PATTERN OF PEF & PEC

GENERAL SCIENCE
FOR CLASS 05
Solved Exercises
Do You Know?
Key Points
Short Questions
Keep in Mind
Brain Teaser
SLOs Based MCQs
Label the Diagrams
WRITTEN BY: Hina Yousaf
 CONTENTS LIST

Units Topics Page

1 Classification of living Organisms 1

2 Microorganisms 17

3 Flowers and Seeds 28

4 Environmental Pollution 41

5 Physical and Chemical Changes of Matter 51

6 Light and Sound 62

7 Electricity and Magnetism 78

8 Structure of the Earth 95

9 Space and Satellites 107

10 Technology in Everyday Life 117

Glossary 129
 THE HOPE-5 3 SCIENCE NOTES

01 Classification of Living Organisms

 

Solved Exercise
     
     
Which one of the following is the foot of















.1 .1
an aquatic bird? 

(A) (B)  

(C) (D)  

.2 The cat belongs to which group? %

&'
(

 !
"
#
$ .2


(A) Amphibians (B) Reptiles   
  
 
(C) Birds (D) Mammals     
.3 A fish respires through which organ? %
)
*

+

,
(
- .3
(A) Gills (B) Lungs    
(C) Air sacs (D) Skin   
Which is the number of cotyledons in a
.4 %
.
/
0

12
3#

4

5 .4
gram seed?
(A) One (B) Two "#  ! 
(C) Three (D) Four %  $ 
.5 Which group is found only in the ocean? %6!
7

8
9:
&'

 .5
(A) Fish (B) Insects '(  & 

(C) Echinoderms (D) Amphibians
   )*+, 
 THE HOPE-5 4 SCIENCE NOTES

Answer key
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
A D A B C

Short Questions

1) Define biodiversity. <=>
?@

ABC
B; 

The number of kinds of living things -./#0123"45#6789:;
Ans. present at a particular place is called DE
biodiversity. <=>?-*
2) State the importance of classification. <=>
F
G

HI
&'

! 
Ans. Due to classification, we can determine @ABCDE3FGHIJ3KLM"N"4 DE
the similarities and difference among
organisms. The structure and other OPQR;3SF3"#CTCKLM"N<U
characteristics of organisms is also =VW1XYCWHIJ'Z[P4"#\
identified and study them. We can also
know the relationship among organisms. bcd1eJ33SF]U^M"N_`JOa
W3f/"4^g"KLM"N4"=hW
<=VW1X'ij.C3
3) Write the differences between (a) Worms and Insects (b) Amphibian and Reptiles.
Ans: (a) Difference Worms and Insects.
(b) Difference Amphibian and Reptiles

Worms Insects
Worms are soft bodies animals Insects are invertebrates with jointed legs.
Their body is round and cylindrical Their body is segmented.
They have no legs. The Insects is divided into three parts,
Head, thorax and abdomen.
Amphibian Reptiles
Amphibian can live on land and also in water. Reptiles are called creeping animals.
They respire through lungs and skin. Their skin is thick coarse and dry which
They live on land but lay eggs in water. protect their body from external effects.
 THE HOPE-5 5 SCIENCE NOTES

LN S
M 

F
PQRN 



TU

V





<
W
XY :3‫ال‬
JKO

TU V W ‫א‬

 |  3'( •
<=P4x"yw#z6{}" <Uklm"1noJ)" •
<Uk#~oJO • <Ukpq"rsoJO •
|  "‚ƒ„ U†‡ˆ‰Š$/'( •
<"€ <tuvwO •

LN S
M
JKO F
PQRN 

<=h—P4x"˜  • <=‰P"#‹Œ"Ž
  •
‹"™/oC36<=š›"K#œ   • <=‘F’“C"" Y •
<=žŸ^'  <=”#‰‹Œ•–=ŽY •
4) Define Classification? 
=>
?@

HI
&' 
To put organisms into separate group on M«W#¬­E®¯R"®¯/"4
Ans. the basis of similarities and differences DE
is called classification. <=>KLM"N/°‰"NM«
Living things are divided into how
5) <%
Z
[
\

'
]

! 
many groups?
Ans. The organisms have been divided into †‡ˆ‰"N±ŒE²³"®¯/"4 DE
five kingdoms based on similarities and
 „µ7=¶“·#1eC3=>1¸¹<U
„´
differences. Their names are Monera, 
Protista, Fungi, planted and animalia. <º§§»"¼½„¾¿

SLO Base MCQs

Tick ( ) the correct answer.

.1 The cat belongs to which group? ]U^M"N_C"4`J¡ .1

(A) Amphibians (B) Reptiles  
  
 
(C) Birds (D) Mammals     

The number of kinds of living things /#012"45#6789:;

.2 .2
present a particular place is called: <=><<<<<<<
£
 ¤¥¦§¨ ¥©
(A) Biodiversity (B) Classification ¢ ª  ?-*-. 
(C) Insects (D) worm )"  '( 
.3 Insect body is ----------- <=h<<<<<oC'( .3
 THE HOPE-5 6 SCIENCE NOTES

(A) Round (B) Cylindrical K­À  rs 

(C) Creeping (D) Segmented #~  x"˜ 
.4 Worms have ------------ legs? <Ušvw)" .4
(A) Two (B) Three $  "# 
(C) Four (D) No u  % 

<=VM‰P"#"‹Œ
 
Amphibian can live on ---------- and live
.5 .5
in water.
(A) Land (B) Sky 3ÁG  Ž 
(C) Algae (D) Cell à  Â 
---------------- can live on land but lay
.6 <=”#‰‹Œ•–=Ä .6
egg in water.

(A) Reptiles (B) Amphibian 
    
(C) Abdomen (D) Animal P4  |
"€ 
.7 Monera are made up of ------ cell. <=hÆCíM#Ŏµ7 .7
(A) One (B) Two "#  ! 
(C) Three (D) Four %  $ 
The body of --------- has black and
.8 <=šÇ#KÈ#É"MÊoC .8
white stripes.
(A) Zebra (B) Deer 3Ì  ˎ 
(C) Fish (D) Shark ÎÏ  Í 
.9 ---------- are extinct. <=1"Ð .9
(A) Dianosour (B) Elephant ÒÓ  FÑ* 
(C) Birds (D) Cat ¡   
.10 The hen has ---------- claws. <=hÔCÕÖ .10
(A) Strong (B) Weak "Ù  ×Ø 
(C) Ugly (D) Fat Û7  Ú 
The small leaves of flower are called
.11 <=>Žà/ÜÝÞÛß .11
-----------.
(A) Floral (B) Veins â"  rá 
(C) Fowl (D) Monocot ä/P7  rã 
.12 Pigeon bones are ----------. <=šÅå­æ .12
(A) Hollow (B) Segmented #éêë  çè 
(C) Jointed (D) Hawk Ž.  #z6 
 THE HOPE-5 7 SCIENCE NOTES

.13 Bacteria belongs to: <U`JÅì .13

Kingdom
(A) Kingdom Monera (B) ‰í"1¸  ‰µ71¸ 
Protista
Kingdom
(C) Kingdom Fungi (D) ‰¼½1¸  ‰¾¿1¸ 
Plante
.14 --------- only found in water. <=h4‹Œïð .14
(A) Bacteria (B) Fungi ¾¿  Åñò¦§|» 
(C) Algae (D) Plants #\  Â 
.15 Example of kingdom Protista is: <Uróí"1¸ .15
õ
(A) Plants (B) Mashroom º§|¥ô  #\ 
(C) Animal (D) Algae   P4 
.16 Second name of “Rhizopus” is: <U1e "#Jö"÷ .16
Black bread
(A) Mashroom (B) ù7úûü  ø 
mold
(C) Spirogyra (D) Yeast
 ý4"ýþ 

|
The vertebrate have been divided into
.17 <U†‡ˆ‰"NC{}" .17
groups.
(A) Two (B) Three $  "# 
(C) Four (D) Five ±Œ  % 
.18 Fishes breath through ---------------. <=‘F’“C& .18
(A) Gills (B) Tail 1#   

(C) Skin (D) Fins   

.19 Amphibian respire through -----------. <=‘F’“C
  .19
(A) Skin (B) Lungs   
(C) Gills (D) Tails 1#   
.20 The example of reptile is -------------. <Uró  .20
(A) Snake (B) Newt ä  F 
(C) Toad (D) Frog Î  * 
.21 The largest flying bird is -----------. <UM "Dz^ .21
(A) Eagle (B) Hawk Ž.  Ï 

*û§ 
Humming
(C) Penguin (D)   
bird
.22 These animal give milk. <=”##"#P4Y .22
 
(A) Birds (B) Mammals     
 THE HOPE-5 8 SCIENCE NOTES


(C) Reptiles (D) Amphibian
    
.23 Blind Indus dolphin is found in: <=š4¾Œ"*O• .23
(A) India (B) Pakistan 3Π ' 
(C) America (D) Australia G  Ö 
.24 Exclusively are found in the ocean. <=h4ïð .24

(A) Brittle star (B) Stick insect  § 
¤  û 

(C) Leaf insect (D) Octopus ö"G    !
 §¤ 
.25 Dicot plant is ---------. <U#\äJ¾* .25
(A) Gram (B) Rice r"%  # 
(C) Maize (D) Wheat 1Ú  $ 
.26 Human respires through which organ? ]=‘F^^%_3& .26
(A) Gills (B) Lungs    

(C) Fins (D) Skin   
What is the number of coty ledons in a
.27 ]Uš'#0()*J‰+C# .27
gram seed?
(A) One (B) Two "#  ! 
(C) Three (D) Four %  $ 
Which group is found only in the
.28 ]Uk4Ō‰ïðM"N&/ .28
ocean?
(A) Fish (B) Insect '(  Í 

(C) Animal (D) Amphibians
   P4 
--------------- is a bird that lives on
.29 ]Uk4Ō‰ïðM"N&/ .29
snow.
(A) Penguin (B) Pigeon ­æ   
(C) Sparrow (D) Eagle -.  Å, 
.30 --------- is hunter bird. <UMK/ .30
(A) Hawk (B) Penguin   ÎÓ 
(C) Pigeon (D) Eagle -.  ­æ 
.31 -------- live in the hole. <=‰01 .31
(A) Woodpecker (B) Hawk ÎÓ  2*" 
(C) Pigeon (D) Crow 3  ­æ 
 THE HOPE-5 9 SCIENCE NOTES

Answer key
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
A D D D D A A A A A A
12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.
A A C D B D A B A A B
23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31.
B A A B B A A A A

Do You Know? / Informative

Tick ( ) the correct answer.
Some mushroom can be eaten but
.1 ]=h<<<<<<<<)"45–=h4î6)"4 .1
some mushrooms are
(A) Sweet (B) Poisonous 8̎  7 
(C) Big (D) Small Ûß   
More than ……. types of mushrooms 
fireflies/'6=129Ž^<<<<<<<<)"4
.2 have the ability to glow like fireflies at .2
night  

(A) 200 (B) 300    
(C) 100 (D) 400    
Why amphibians could not flourish in  
the whole world? They are not found | "?M"<Vu:rÞ;< ‰=#
u‰K>û
.3 .3
in desert and snow because they cannot <VMu"#^<<<<<<<<<<<Y@:hM67
go away from ………….
(A) Air (B) Water ‹Œ   
(C) Light (D) None of these u¾/^‰3  A" 
-------- were the largest reptiles of the  ^
.4 B <<<<<<<<<<<<<‰C"D .4
ancient times.
(A) Elephant (B) Dinosaurs F+*  ÒÓ 
(C) Lion (D) Horse zE  D 
.5 The largest flying bird is <U<<<<<<<< "DzF"^ .5
(A) Eagle (B) Pigeon ­æ  -. 
(C) Sparrow (D) Horse zE  Å, 
.6 _________bird is the smallest bird. <UMwß^ <<<<<<<<<< .6

(A) Eagle (B) Humming §   -. 
(C) Sparrow (D) Pigeon   Å, 
.7 _______ is a bird that lives in snow. UM "G䕞 .7
 THE HOPE-5 10 SCIENCE NOTES

(A) Penguin (B) Pigeon ­æ   

(C) Sparrow (D) Hawk ÎÓ  Å, 
______________ lives in the holes that
.8 <UH‰I1JîE‰KCL#<<<<<<<<< .8
they make in tree.
(A) Eagle (B) Woodpeckers 2*"  -. 
(C) Penguin (D) Hawk ÎÓ   
.9 A bird park is called <U<<<<<<<<<<<1eJMΌ!J" .9
(A) Gulshan Park (B) Aviary Park ÎŒKO  ÎŒN 
(C) Zoo (D) Muree Park ÎŒKÖ  PÅ, 
Where is the park of bird this is the Q"RÎŒSJ=#"ÎŒ^ JM‰3Œ
.10 third in the world and largest bird .10
park of Pakistan? <U
(A) Lahore (B) Islamabad #.G1T   
(C) Pindi (D) Muree KÖ  KU 
There are _______ types of birds in
.11 <=C12<<<<<<<<‰ÎŒKO .11
Aviary Park.
(A) 240 (B) 280     
(C) 250 (D) 300     
There are _______ number of birds in
.12 <U<<<<<<<<<#0"‰ÎŒKO .12
Aviary Park.
(A) 200 (B) 4000    
(C) 5000 (D) 6000    
_______ lives in snowy regions of the "Ý.W3BO=‰V71N<<<<<<<<<<<
.13 North Pole. Its body has a thick .13
covering of fur. <šX*u^"
(A) Lion (B) Monkey L  D 
(C) Elephant (D) Polar bear Y‹Zû  ÒÓ 

When a grain of salt or sand enters the CD#]Uk^#‰oC_`#!JaÅ[\

.14 .14
body of oyster. It takes years to form a <UkE<<<<<<<<!#N
(A) Gold (B) Pearl š7  e1 
(C) Silver (D) Iron ÓÝ  K% 
Indus Dolphin is blind but it can "<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<Y–Ube"*O•
.15 differentiate between ________ and .15
the dark. <=cW²³‰d
(A) Light (B) Air   A" 
(C) Water (D) Night '  ‹Œ 
 THE HOPE-5 11 SCIENCE NOTES

Key Points
Tick ( ) the correct answer.
Due to _________, organisms can be 3f'ij.C3""4^g"
.1 identified and their relationship can be .1
known. <Uc4
(A) Identification (B) Experiment '.e  KL"N 
(C) Observation (D) Classification KLg#  '9f 
To divide the organisms into groups on /TCDWˆ#g'Zh"i¯3/"4
.2 the basis of similarities and difference .2
is called <=><<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
(A) Experiment (B) Classification KLg#  '.e 
(C) Vertebrate (D) Invertebrate YjR  Yj 
The large groups of organisms are
.3 <=h—<<<<<<<<<k"NC"4 .3
called
 
(A) Mammals (B) Birds     
(C) Kingdom (D) Reptile   1¸ 

º §¥l "¼½„¾¿<´"
The _______ kingdom are Monera,
.4  µ7<=Y1¸<<<<<<<<< .4
Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animals.
(A) Two (B) Three $  "# 
(C) Four (D) Five ±Œ  % 
________ are example of Monera, )"4"ö"Ž¾„m  <Uróµ7„<<<<<<<<<<<<<
.5 Yeast, Rhizopus, Mushrooms are .5
example of Fungi. <=nó¾¿
(A) Virus (B) Bacteria Åñò¦§|»  Oý" 
 
(C) Mammals (D) Birds     

All the plants are included in kingdom 1¸oJ"P41p"‰¼½1"¸oJ"#\1p

.6 .6
Plantae and animals in kingdom <Uk‰<<<<<<<<<<<<<<

(A) Animalia (B) Plants #\  º §  »

 § 
(C) Vertebrate (D) Classification KLg#  Yj 

The_________ group of flowering ^ "#!rÞ"q+C"#\äJ¾*"äJP7

.7 .7
plants are monocot and dicot plants. <=h5
(A) Two (B) Three $  "# 
(C) Four (D) Five ±Œ  % 
 THE HOPE-5 12 SCIENCE NOTES

Bamboo, sugarcane, maize, wheat and „"#Ö„1Gr<=nóäJP7r"%"1Ú„$„s„‘.

.8 .8
rice are example of <=nóäJ¾*rÞ""t
(A) Dicot (B) Monocot ä/P7  ä/¾* 
(C) Dicot and Monocot (D) None of them u¾/^‰3  ä/P7"ä/¾* 
Mango, guava, pumpkin and rose are
.9 <=nó<<<<<<<<<<rÞ"Mt„#"Ö„1G .9
examples of __________ plants.
(A) Dicot (B) Monocot ä/P7  ä/¾* 
(C) Dicot and Monocot (D) None of them u¾/^‰3  ä/P7"ä/¾* 
There are_________ in the seeds, ^ "#!rÞ"q„uC"#\äJ¾*"äJP7
.10 leaves and flowers of monocot and .10
dicot plants. <=h<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
(A) Same (B) Differences 5  v! 
(C) Big (D) None of them u¾/^‰3   
Animals have been divided into
.11 <U†‡ˆ‰k"N<<<<<<<</"P4 .11
_________ groups.
(A) Four (B) Five ±Œ  % 
(C) Two (D) Six w  "# 

The major groups of vertebrates are <<<<<<<<<"„  „ñ ò§¨„͉k"NCYj
.12 .12
fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and <UxÏ
(A) Animal (B) Flower rÞ  P4 
(C) Lion (D) None of them u¾/^‰3  D 
The five major groups of are‫۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔‬, "y7z„1"<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<‰k"N@±Œ
.13 worms, Insects, Molluses and .13
Echinoderms. UxÏ)*{
(A) Invertebrate (B) Vertebrate Yj  YjR 
 
(C) Mammals (D) Classification KLg#    

The number of kinds of organisms <<<<<<<<<<<<<e4Ō8!J"4C12KFA

.14 .14
found at any particular place is called <Uk—
(A) Invertebrate (B) Vertebrate Yj  YjR 
(C) Biodiversity (D) None of them u¾/^‰3  ?-*-. 
Cultivation, urbanization and "4D¾|}"Å#.GK~„KJ
.15 deforestation have destroyed the .15
habitats of <=€#WM<<<<<<<<C
 
(A) Organisms (B) Mammals    "4 
(C) Birds (D) Habitats ‚   
 THE HOPE-5 13 SCIENCE NOTES

Which one of the following is the foot
















.16 .16
of an aquatic bird? 

(A) (B)  

(C) (D)  

.17 Who is the flying animals? ]UF3/P4 "Dz .17

(A) (B)  

(C) (D)  

.18 Who is the largest flying bird? ]UF3/P4 "Dz^ .18

(A) (B)  

(C) (D)  

.19 Who is the smallest bird? ]UF3/Mwß^ .19

(A) (B)  

(C) (D)  

.20 Which of the following is Ameba? ]UƒF3/^‰¶“g„ .20

(A) (B)  

 THE HOPE-5 14 SCIENCE NOTES

(C) (D)  

Which of the following bird lives in

.21 ]UH䕞MF3/ .21
snow?

(A) (B)  

(C) (D)  

Short Questions

1. Define biodiversity. < W†‡?-*-. r1

Ans: The number of kinds of living things -./#0123"45#6789:; ˆ-6
present at a particular place is called
biodiversity. <=>?-*
2. State the importance of classification. < W3
‰KLM"N"4 r1
Ans: Due to classification, we can determine the @ABCDE3FGHIJ3KLM"N"4 ˆ-6
similarities and difference among
organisms. The structure and other OPQR;3SF3"#CTCKLM"N<U
characteristics of organisms is also =VW1XYCWHIJ'Z[P4"#\
identified and study them. We can also
know the relationship among organisms. bcd1eJ33SF]U^M"N_`JOa
W3f/"4^g"KLM"N4"=hW
<=VW1X'ij.C3
3.
Write the differences between (a) Worms  "
Š-‹ '(")"ŠŒ‹  <²³ r1
and Insects (b) Amphibian and Reptiles.
Ans:
Worms Insects )"  '( ˆ-6
Worms are soft Insects are lm"1noJ)" • |  3'( •
{}"
bodies animals. invertebrates with
Their body is jointed legs. <Uk x"yw#z6
round and Their body is "rsoJO • <=P4
cylindrical. segmented.
They have no The Insects is <Ukpq k#~oJO •
legs. divided into three uvwO • <U
 THE HOPE-5 15 SCIENCE NOTES

parts, Head, thorax <t Š$/'( •

and abdomen.
„ U†‡ˆ‰
|  "‚ƒ
<"€

Amphibian Reptiles 
  

Amphibian can
Reptiles are called P"#‹Œ"Ž
  • P4x"˜   •
live on land and
also in water.
creeping animals. <=‰ <=h—
Their skin is thick
They respire
coarse and dry C"" Y • "K#œ    •
through lungs and
skin.
which protect their <=‘F’“ C36<=š›
body from external
They live on land
effects. –=ŽY • ^' ‹"™/o
but lay eggs in
water. <=”#‰‹Œ• <=žŸ
4. Define Classification? ] W†‡KLM"N r1
To put organisms into separate group on the M«W#¬­E®¯R"®¯/"4 ˆ-6
Ans: basis of similarities and differences is called
classification. <=>KLM"N/°‰"NM«
5.
Living things are divided into how many
]U†‡ˆ‰"NŽ/"4 r1
groups?
Ans: The organisms have been divided into five †‡ˆ‰"N±ŒE²³"®¯/"4 ˆ-6
kingdoms based on similarities and
 „µ7=¶“·#1eC3=>1¸¹<U
´
differences. Their names are Monera, 
protista, Fungi, planted and animalia. <º§§»"¼½„¾¿„
6.
Write a short note about kingdom
]‰.Cµ71¸ r1
monera?
Ans: These are made up of one cell their UM#Fd‘F3=îÆCÃ!­M#ŎY ˆ-6
structure is also very simple. These include
bacteria. <=xÏÅì‰3
7. Where bacteria are found? ]=h4îŒRÅì r1
Ans: Bacteria are found everywhere on the earth.
     ˆ-6
8. Give few examples of kingdom protista? ] #nó’í"1¸ r1
£
 ¤¥”
Ans: Amoeba, paramecium, Algae and spirogyra. <ý4"ýþ"„“ •„ƒ ˆ-6
9. Where Algae are found? ]=h4îŒR r1
Ans: Algae are found in rivers, pound and ocean. <=š4¾Œ‰"„"–„—Å# ˆ-6
10.
Write characteristics of algae and give
<nó"'Z[ r1
examples?
Ans: Algae may consist of one cell or many cells.
<=h4‹ŒY=4K˜™"K˜! ˆ-6
They are found in rivers, pounds and ocean.
They have chlorophyll. So, they can make ÎIš’“C!k¾›"Ukœ"‰3
their own food through photosynthesis.
<Oe7"žQŸ„_Ý" <=hW¡#I
Examples: volox, chlamydomonas.
11. Find out in which there is one cotyledon +3)*J"#"+3)*J!^‰¢¶“g„ r1
 THE HOPE-5 16 SCIENCE NOTES

and in which there are two cotyledons? < W!

£
Ans:
(One cotyledon) wheat, rice, maize 4
2
3#
‹  ¤”„r"%„1Ú 4
2
3#
^ ˆ-6
(Two cotyledon) Gram, pea, bean
Ý„¥„#
12. What are monocot plants? ]=h‡#\äJP7 r1
Ans: The flowering plants whose seeds have one #\äJP73)*J!ïðC¦#\§ ˆ-6
cotyledon are called monocot plants.e.g.,
sugarcane wheat, rice. <r"%„1Ú„s <=h—
13.
What is the difference between the paws
]U²³‡‰ÔC¨"ÕÖ r1
of hen and duck?
Ans:
Hen: The hen strong claws with three ©Gª$‰M=hÔ×ØCÕÖ ˆ-6
fingers at the front and one at the back.it /ŽÔCÕÖUšï«¬!"ï«
helps to scratch the ground.
Duck: Duck claws are naturally <=­#®‰#œ
membranous which helps them to swim in D¯‰‹Œu6=h#°±š²ÔC¨
water.
<=”##®‰
14.
What is the difference between a toad
< W3
²³‰Î "* r1
and a frog?
Toad Frog ˆ-6
Î *
1.Toad’s legs are 1.Frogs’s legs are 
   

smaller than its larger than its
body and bead. body and head.     
 
2. Its skin is moist
2.Its skin is dry.
and soft. 
Ans:  
 
3.Its body is move 3. Its body shape 
in width. is elongated. 
"!
() *+,!
#"$%&'
#-./0



<U²³‡‰ ³"
   r1
What is the difference between
15.
Amphibians and Reptiles.

Ans:
Amphibian Reptiles ³ 
  ˆ-6
Amphibian can Reptiles are called P4x"˜   • P"#‹Œ"Ž
 •
live on land and creeping animals.
also in water. Their skin is thick <=h— <=‰
They respire coarse and dry "K#œ    • C"" Y •
through lungs and which protect their
skin. body from external C36<=š› <=‘F’“
They live on land effects. ^' ‹"™/o –=ŽY •
 THE HOPE-5 17 SCIENCE NOTES

but lay eggs in <=žŸ <=”#‰‹Œ•

water.

16.
Write one characteristic and one
<ró"'Z[!!í""µ7  r1
example of Monera and Protista?
Ans: Monera are made up of one cell. Their ˆ-6
structures are also very simple. e.g UM#Fd‘F3=hCÃ!­M#Ŏµ7
Bacteria. Protista usually lives in water.  <UxÏÅì‰róµ7
=‰‹ŒQ´´"
It includes Amoeba. Paramecium and <Uxσ‰róí"
Algae.
Why does the body of a Zebra have black ]U:È#KÈ#oJ™Ž r1
and white stripes?

17.

Ans: The body of Zebra has black and white ™ŽÌ<UkW̵/‘¶Oo#KÈ#J™Ž ˆ-6
stripes that shows their identity. Every
Zebra have black and white stripes lines are =š#·^™Ž "#¸ È#KÈ#oC

different to other Zebra. Similarly, every  "#¹º§»C¼ƒÓC3&̽«M
human finger print o f hand is different to
others. <=š5^3&
Why are the ears of elephant large? ]=h:3JCÒÓ  r1

18.

Ans: The body size of elephant is large. Which ˆ-6

also causes high body temperature? Its large   34 5# 6789:"12
ears help maintain body temperature. Large
ears of the elephant help it to hear very soft  ;<=>?9: @-./0AB C(
sounds. They also keep the elephant cool in D E.FG"H  (I
the both seasons.
Some animals have internal skeleton of
<UkJ¾Jî¿CKåÀÈ*‹"‰"P4Á r1
cartilage such as shark and sting Ray.
They feed on other animals by predation. CW//"P4 "#M"<Â"ÎÏv
What is the importance of cartilage in
19. their life? ]U‰‡‰ÃŽ3¾J<=h6
 THE HOPE-5 18 SCIENCE NOTES

£ §¥Ë
Ans: Cartilage is made up of strong connective ÄÅJo^M<UšÆ^ŽÇÈÇÉÊ ×ؾJ ˆ-6
tissues that make the body very flezible.
"Uš4ÌÍDWÎÏo"Uk4
And the ability of body to move increase
and it is easier to hunt. <UЋFG‰DW/
Describe the factors responsible for the 3
‰.CxÑx"DWÒÓJ?-*-. r1
20.
extinction of biodiversity. < W
Ans: (i) Deforestation (ii) Destroy the habitats of "P4<×<eMJ‚C"P4<Ö —|J'Õ<Ô ˆ-6
animals. (iii) Excessive hunting
(iv)Extinction of some animals. <e1"ÐJ"P4Ú<Ù/4ØC
£
 Ü ¥©
21. What is classification? ]U#Ö‡^KLM"NÛ¢¤ ª r1

Ans: To put Organism into separate groups on eWˆ‰"NE'Zh"i¯3/)ÝG ˆ-6
the basis of similarities and difference is
called Classification. <Uk—KLM"N
22. What is monera? Give one example? < #ró!O]U‡µ7 r1
Ans: These organisms are made of one cell. Their
šM#FA‘F3<=hÆCÃ!µ7 ˆ-6
structure is very simple. Example is
»
Bacteria. Bacteria are found everywhere on h4îŒ8̍ŽÅì<UróOÞñò§ §| <U
Earth. Some Bacteria cause diseases in
<=hWßÅà‰"P4""#\Åì5<=
plants and animals.

23. What is Algea? Where it is found? ]Uš4¾ŒRY"U‡Â r1

Ans: Algae may consist of one cell or many cells. "Å#- kYUšáÃM#Ŏ^! ˆ-6
It found in pounds and ocean. <Uš4

24. What is Protista? ]U‡í" r1

£ ¥”
â
Ans:
Protista mostly lives in water. This kingdom Â"“ •„ƒ‰3<=h‰‹Œ­M#Ŏí" ˆ-6
includes Amoeba. Paramecium and Algae. <=xÏ

25. What is Plantae? ]U‡¼½  r1

Ans: These organisms are made of more than one
>#\/3 =háÃM#Ŏ^!4Y ˆ-6
cell. They are called plants. They have
 THE HOPE-5 19 SCIENCE NOTES

chlorophyll in their leaves. Due to œ"<Uk#67œ"CqC3<=

chlorophyll their leaves are green in colour.
<=hCãäqC3^g"


26. What is Animalia? ]U#և^º§§»  r1
Ans: These organisms are also made of cells. >P4/3<=åWx^Ã^Ad4Y ˆ-6
They are called animals. They do not have
chlorophyll, so they cannot make their food. uÎIšYBOkuœ"C3<=
They can move from one place to another. <=VWÎÏ8K "#^8!Y<VE

27. What is monocot plant? Give example? < #ró]=‡#\äJP7 r1

Ans: The flowering plants whose seeds have one <=há3)*/!+C¦#\#rÞ ˆ-6
cotyledon are called monocot plants.
Sugarcane, wheat, bamboo and maize are <r"%<Næ±Cró<=h—#\äJP7
the example of monocot plants.

28. What is Dicot palnts. Give example? ] #ró=‡#\äJ¾*  r1

Ans The flowering plants whose seeds have two ˆ-6
cotyledons are called plants dicot plants. ¾*=há3)*/"#+C¦#\#rÞ
Mango, guava, rose and pea. etc. are the #"Ö"¥„-çv„=h—äJ
example of dicot plants.

29. Write the name of animal’s groups? <1eC\"NC"4 r1

Ans: (i)Vertebrates (ii) Invertebrates P4x"Kåèé<Ö   P4x"Kåè<Ô ˆ-6
30. What do you know about vertebrate? ]=ê4‡kGëCP4Yj r1
Ans: All vertebrate has backbone in their body. 3<Uš4¾ŒKåè‰oC"P4Yj1p ˆ-6
Most of them have internal skeleton made
of bones. They have the great ability to oC3<UkáÅåÀÈ*‹"J­M#Ŏ‰
hear, see, smell, taste and feel. The blood Ō‰KzìíQ#<1#"î#„ <=hï@$C
circulates in the blood vessels of the body.
The skin of vertebrates is covered with MðDWOñ"òó1ô#õ‰3<Uk4
 THE HOPE-5 20 SCIENCE NOTES

scales or feathers or hairs. <UkWö#N‰s3I‰o<UšÌÍ

<UšX*^Ý.""„÷ Yj

31. What do you know about invertebrate? ]=ê4‡kGëCP4YjR r1

Ans: Various types of invertebrates are found on ‰oC3<=š4¾ŒŽ12øAYjR ˆ-6
the earth. They do not have any type of
bones inside the body. Their body structure „=šùÁ‘FoC3<šu#67Åå
is of various types. Some are flat, some are 5=h#~Å#ú"rs5û5^‰3
round and some are segmented. The body
5^ "#!oCYjRJü‰\"N
parts of invertebrate are different in
different net groups. <=h

32. Write the name of vertebrate group? ]1eC"P4x"Kåè r1

P4º§<
  <Ù  þ<×  <ý<Ö Í<Ô ˆ-6

Ans: 1.Fish 2. Amphibians 3. Repitilles 4. Birds
5. Mammales
33. What is fish? ]U‡Í r1
Ans: Fish live in water. Both ends of their body <=h#ÎP P"#C3<=Љ‹ŒÍ ˆ-6
are pointed. The middle part is broad and šÅÌ C3Ukw7"z "3#
thick. They have scales on their skin. Fish 
breathe through gills. Fish have fins and tail 1#""<U‘F’“C" &<=
which help to swim. <=š¯‰‹Œ^g"


34. What are Amphibians? ]U‡<  r1

Ans: Amphibians can live on land and also in C "" M"<=‰‹Œ"Ž<  ˆ-6
water. They respire through lungs and skin.
Usually, their skin is moist and loose. They š *"  3±1=‘F’“
live on land but lay eggs in water. Frog, „Î <=”#•‰‹Œ"=“M"<U
toad, salamander and newt are the example 
of amphibians. <=nó< ä" *
 THE HOPE-5 21 SCIENCE NOTES

35. What are Reptiles? Give example. < #nó]=‡ ³  r1

Ans: Reptiles are called Creeping animals. Their 6<Uš *" 3<=P4x"³ ˆ-6
skin is thick, coarse and dry. Reproduction
in these animals takes place through eggs. P43<UšWo^' ‹"™a
They lay eggs on land. Lizard, crocodile, <=”#•ŽY<Uš’“C"•
snake and tortoise are the example of
reptiles. <=nó ³"F„<
36. What are birds? Give example. < #nó]U‡  r1
Ans: The birds have feathers and beaks. Their ˆ-6
bones are hollow, their weight is less. <UšçèÅå3<Uš±"C"
Along with lungs, they have air sacs. Birds
can fly in the air. Some birds can swim in CFC"C3<Uk3Ž"J3BO
water. e.g duck. Some birds cannot fly and V¯5<=Vz‰<=hDÓ
are called running birds.e.g., Kiwi and
x"Dz"#"Vuz5MR"¨=
Ostrich. All birds lay eggs. The birds that
live in water have webbed feet. e.g Duck. <=”#•1p"K:v<=h—
Sparrow, pigeon, kiwi, dove, parrot and
ostrich are the example of birds.

 
37. What are Mammals? ]U‡  r1
Ans:
They have fur or hair on their body. <=hr.År6oC3<=”##"#P4Y ˆ-6

Mammals give birth to their young ones and ^""#ö""3"=hWß   
feed them on milk. The body temperature of
'Ïg#‹""™'Ïg#JoC3<=hW
mammals does not depend on the  
temperature of the external environment.  3&"¡„D<K"<î­<zE<kWu!
Horse, cow, goat, tiger, cat and human are
<=nó
example of mammals.

38. Write the name of invertebrate’s groups? ]1eCö"Nx"Kåèé  r1

Ans: (1) Sponges (2) Wormes (3) Insects (4)  ò# ¥© ˆ-6
%*"•<
$7<Ù '(<× z<Ö ñ  <Ô
 
Mollusces (5) Echinodems
39. Write about Sponges. < W&'.Cñ  ò# ¥© r1
Ans: These are aquatic and most of them live in Y<=‰­M#Ŏ^‰O"UP4(GY ˆ-6
the ocean. They are various colours. They
usually remain attached to stones. )^"*±1Y<=hCy5
 THE HOPE-5 22 SCIENCE NOTES

<=
40. Write about Worms. < W&'.Cz r1
Ans: Worms are softbodied animal. Their body is kJ+"rsoJ3<=P4x"o1nz ˆ-6
round and cylindrical. They have no legs.
The body of some worms is divided in ,‰ŠoJ"z5<tuvw3<U
segments. e.g., earthworms and tapeworms. <z-.vUk
41. What are insets? ]U‡'( r1
Ans: The insects are invertebrates with jointed
<U/oJ'(<Uk‰{}P  |  oJ'( ˆ-6
legs. Their body is segmented. The body is
divided into three parts, head, thorax and yw„0<š1„ <Uk4‡ˆ‰Š$/o
abdomen. The number of legs is six or three
pairs. The external surface of body is hard, Uš34‹"™o<U$Å2#0
which is called exoskeleton. The UkW#®"oY<=>FÈ*‹"™5
exoskeleton protects and supports the body.
<=67"„8„9"WJnó'(
e.g wasp, cockroach, honeybee.
42. Write about Molluscs? <=ê4‡kG‰.C$7 r1

Ans: They are soft bodies animals. They live in "€<§â"Å#„:„; kY<=P4x"o1nM" ˆ-6
ponds, lake, rivers, oceans and on land.
They move freely or remain attached to ^=d;Å=hWÎÏ`#ŽGY<=Ž"
anything. Body of some molluscs is covered >EvUk?*^rIoJ@75=A
with shell. e.g., snail and oyster whereas
some are without shell e.g octopus. <öBGv=hCrIé5r<_"
43. Write about Echinoderms? < W&'.C%*"• r1
Ans: ku ¾/J3<=h4ïðP4Y ˆ-6
There animal is found only in the ocean.
They do not have any head. The animals „=VFÅ=hCCDÅE*P4Y

may be disc or star-shaped or a long one.  "G„3ÇH K„I<UkJKLo
The body has a spiny covering.
k
44.
Explain the Human impact on
< WMN"' ‹&OPš¡Q r1
Biodiversity.
Ans: The forest is being cut for cultivation and L#<UÓwJBC"~"RJ'Õ ˆ-6
urbanization. The cutting of forests has C"P4<=K#WMS­Ó"P4D¾|
destroyed the habitats of animals. Another
human act of excessive hunting of animals /"P4DT‹&"!C/M#Ŏ^'"T
has endangered animals. <UÅ#r*‰U

Observe the picture and name the following kingdom?


    
 THE HOPE-5 23 SCIENCE NOTES



     
     
     




 


 




  

  



     
     
     




 


 




  

  

 THE HOPE-5 24 SCIENCE NOTES



     
     
     




 


 




  

  



     
     
     




 


 




  

  

Fill the table with monocot and dicot plant.

Seed

Leaf
 THE HOPE-5 25 SCIENCE NOTES

Flower

Classification of Vertebrates
 THE HOPE-5 26 SCIENCE NOTES

The Hope

02 
Microorganisms


Solved Exercise
     
     
.1 Mushrooms belong to which group? ]U^M"N_`JŠ)"4‹V .1
(A) Virus (B) Fungi ¾¿  Oý" 
(C) Bacteria (D) Protozoa "Ž"  Åñò¦§|» 
.2 What causes polio? ]U‡g"Kàà\ .2
(A) Protozoa (B) Virus Oý"  "Ž" 
(C) Fungi (D) Bacteria Åñò¦§|»  ¾¿ 
£ 
 ¥W §¤¥§ »
.3 Penicillium is an example of which group? ]Uró_“ .3
(A) Protozoa (B) Fungi ¾¿  "Ž" 
(C) Bacteria (D) Virus Oý"  Åñò¦§|» 
Food is contaminated due to the presence
.4 ˆ=<<<<<<<<< #67‰rXQ^g"D-Ye6 .4
of ----------- in the environment.
(A) Moisture (B) Microorganism 4[#Y  Z 
(C) Air (D) Heat \N   
Which one of the following is not a
.5 ]Uu4[#YF3/^‰¶“g„ .5
microorganism?
 THE HOPE-5 27 SCIENCE NOTES

(A) Bacteria (B) Virus Oý"  Åñò¦§|» 

(C) Algae (D) Ant ¼]  Â 
Answer key
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
B B B B D

Short Questions

_
What is a pathogen? How does it  ¥l
1) ]Uk^#^‰oC"4Y]U‡¦ÉÇ 
enter in the bodies of organisms?
<=hWßÅà‰"P4""#\4[#Y^A
Many microscopic microorganisms _
 ¥l
cause disease in plants, animals and        <= > ¦ÇÉ  / "4 [#Y x" DW ß Åà
man. Microscopic organisms which h^#‰o‹&^`«¶“g„4[#Y
cause diseases that are called pathogen.
The five major sources of the ˆ=
Ans. DE
transmission of infectious diseases are:      ’“ C  aÔ
1. Through air 2. Through
water 3. Through animal C"P4              ’“C‹Œ          
4. Through food 5. Direct C ÎI                           ’“
contact
bMû ’“
2) Why are some bacteria and fungi ]Uk4R:ŽŽcK*/¾¿"Åñò¦§|»’ 
called decomposers?
Ans. During decomposition, bacteria and #67‰1dM#Ö"ÎI¾¿"Åñò¦§|»„3"#CeT DE
fungi break the organic molecules of
food and dead bodies into simple <=”#W¶f ‰gM#FuCWzÞz]"#Qše
components. Therefore, some bacteria <Uk4RŽŽcK*/¾¿"Åñò¦§|»^g"ø
and fungi are called decomposers.
L
3) Write two benefits and two harmful <
=>
F
T`a


bc


7defgNhij 
effects of bacteria.
Ans. Many bacteria help in the digestion of / g ¾k " DW h e6 ‰ iG *ß Kj Åñò¦§|» ^ A DE
food and absorption of food
components in our small intestine. h rl ‰ K¡  m# Åñò¦§|» <= ”# #® ‰ DW -n
Making yogurt by using bacteria. Few ‰ 3 " = h M# 3o B C "4 Åñò¦§|» ’  <=
£
Åñò¦§|» <p „ žqw
bacteria are harmful to organisms. They
cause diseases, e.g., pneumonia  „ rr „ ( * „=s  = hW ß Åà
tuberculosis, typhoid, diarrhea, milk <Uk-YM#"#t.C
spoils due to bacteria.
4) How does the microorganisms yeast ]UkW1J^
4[#YBCD Þ"DW1nwG 
work to soften and rise dough of
floor?
Ans. Microorganisms yeast work to soften MUk4‡xÏ
‰ ÛGBCD Þ"DW1nwG DE
and rise dough of floor which contains
 THE HOPE-5 28 SCIENCE NOTES

microorganisms reacts with sugar to ¾* uJ C W xv F C Næ 4 [#Y #67 ‰
produce carbon dioxide. Thus, flour is
soften and arise. <Uk4rÞ"Uk41nwG^M=hWßžwG
5) How does a mosquito transmit ]Ukx½«_Kà8 
disease?

Ans. When a mosquito bites a healthy person y z C{3I J3&à|‰ Å}"~* 8 \ DE
_
after sucking the blood of a person  ¥l
suffering from dengue and malaria. So ‰ 3& „ y ¦ÇÉ  C Oà 3 ] U J / 3& „
the pathogens of these diseases are <=h4€
transmitted to healthy human.

SLO Base MCQs

Tick ( ) the correct answer.
All the organisms that can be seen by only ww
1. Dk
lm
no
p
qr

st
uv
E
Vdxo
y .1
microscope are called:
Macro organisms Microorganisms
(a)  (b)  (c) Worms )" (d) Insects '(
)ÝG" )ÝG"‚Q
2. Virus can reproduce only: Dk
z

{
9:
|} .2
With living
On non-living On organic matter
(a) organisms (b) (c)  (d) None u¾/
‰34Ø #Qƒ§¥„
 G
‰"4MŽ
3. Covid-19 is caused by: D%


€~ .3
(a)Virus Oý" (b) Bacteria Åì (c) Fungi ¾¿ (d) All of these 1p
4. Bacteria are found in: Dk
l!
‚
7ƒ .4
Ì
(a)Water ‰‹Œ (b) Soil ‰ (c) Air ‰ (d) Every where
8
On the basis of shape, bacteria are divided into how
5. Dk
„

\

†
]
7ƒ

‡ˆ

‰ .5
many types:
(a)Two "# (b) Three $ (c) Four % (d) Five ±Œ
6. Mold is an example of: D%
Š‹
^
Œ .6
Macroscopic fungi Microscopic fungi None of these
(a) (b) (c) Viruses ˆý" (d)
¾¿†‡" ¾¿†‡"‚Q u¾/
ww
7. The organisms which do decomposition are called: <k
lm<<<<<<<
k
l>
Ž
HC
E
Vdxo .7
Decomposers
(a)Producer O*" (b) Reducer Oú (c) Consumer ÖO‰ (d)
ŽŽcK*
 THE HOPE-5 29 SCIENCE NOTES

8. The rate of decomposition increases with: D%
‘’
“
#
Ž
HC .8

Decrease in Increase in Decrease in
Decrease in oxygen
(a) (b) humidity (c) temperature (d) temperature
eJŠG
eJZ ‹JŒ eJŒ
9. Covid-19 falls in category of: <%
6'

HI


<<<<<<<
€~ .9
Animal borne
Water borne disease Air borne disease Food borne disease
(a) (b) (c) (d) disease
KàŽ"Dß^‹Œ KàŽ"Dß^ KàŽ"Dß^ÎI
KàŽ"Dß^"P4
10. TB is example of:
<<<<<<<
%
Š‹
^
”
3 .10
Animal borne
Water borne disease Air borne disease Food borne disease
(a) (b) (c) (d) disease
KàŽ"Dß^‹Œ KàŽ"Dß^ KàŽ"Dß^ÎI
KàŽ"Dß^"P4
w–
11. Typhoid is example of: N .11
D%
Š‹
^
•K—˜
Animal borne
Water borne disease Air borne disease Food borne disease
(a) (b) (c) (d) disease
KàŽ"Dß^‹Œ KàŽ"Dß^ KàŽ"Dß^ÎI
KàŽ"Dß^"P4
12. Cholera and hepatitis are caused by: <k
l



<<<<<<
™˜
KšMhN›œ

ž .12
Animal borne
Water borne disease Air borne disease Food borne disease
(a) (b) (c) (d) disease
KàŽ"Dß^‹Œ KàŽ"Dß^ KàŽ"Dß^ÎI
KàŽ"Dß^"P4
13. Malaria is an example of: D%
Š‹
^
7Ÿ .13
Air borne disease Water borne disease Animal borne disease Food borne disease
(a) (b) (c) (d)
KàŽ"Dß^ KàŽ"Dß^‹Œ KàŽ"Dß^"P4 KàŽ"Dß^ÎI
Answer Key
Q# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Ans. b a a c b B d c b b a c c

Short Questions

1) What are microorganisms? k
[
!
¡ 

Microorganisms are those which cannot # u ^ G 1Û ‹& @ / ¦ = 4 § 4 [ #Y
Ans. be seen by human eye and are visible as DE
large and clear objects the microscope. <U‘4’#^#®“#Yïð/3<V
2) Where are live microorganisms? k
l!
‚
¢
!

£ 
Ans. These are present everywhere in our K ‰ MR" ”"#N„  „  • 8 Ì ‰ rXQ 4 [#Y DE
surrounding like air, soil, dust etc. They
are also found in food items. d ‰ –  — D6 Y M"˜ C O <= h #67 ‰ #0
 THE HOPE-5 30 SCIENCE NOTES

<=h4îŒ
3) What is microscope? %
[
¤
£ 
Ans. Microscope is a special instrument. The  A ™ J "= *ß A 6 U šG J ù 9Ó ! “ #Y DE
object that cannot be seen by human
eye are visible as large and clear objects " Åì a › 1d Ûß ^ #®  O U k6# CW
under the microscope. <=hWrlBCô#/œ "#

4) What are viruses? k
l
[
¥} 

Ans. Viruses are very tiny infections 34 Ø " 4 / 3 = h '“ KŸ Ûß ¾ž Oý" DE
particles. They are the link between
living and non-living things. <=>K 3#C
5) Write the name of four diseases caused <W
¦`

§¨
©
ª
«

7ƒ 
by bacteria.
Ans. Food poisoning, pneumonia, typhoid, š ^ g"  Åì Åà  p " ( * „ =s „¡÷\ *ã DE
cholera, tuberculosis (TB), etc.
<=
6) What is the major difference between %
[
XY
’
¬

¥}

7ƒ 
viruses and bacteria?
Ans. Viruses are very tiny particles than hM#3o¢ˆý"<=hÛßA^Åìˆý" DE
bacteria. Viruses are always harmful to
living organisms, while bacteria are also <=h£BC"4Åìr=
beneficial to the living organisms.
7) What is fungi? %
[
­® 
Ans. Fungi are simple organisms that are =hv"#\]`‰'Z[ša6=4M#F¾¿ DE
neither like plants nor like animals in
their characteristics. <v"P4m`"
8) Write few diseases caused by fungi. <W
¦`

§¨
¯
ª
«
{

­® 
Ans. Ringworm, athlete’s foot, rust and smut. ¤"¥„¦§„1"ã DE
¶
·N ›¸
9) What are the pathogens? k
°
±
²
³´µ M 
Ans. Many microorganisms cause of diseases hW ß Åà ‰ "P4 " "#\ 4 [ #Y ^ A DE
_
in plants and animals. The  ¥l
microorganisms that cause diseases in <= >  ¨  É
Ç /"4[#Yx"DWßÅà<=
their hosts are called pathogens.
10) What are infections? k
°
±
¹ 
_
Ans. The diseases that occurs due to š—ÅàKŸ Å©ÅàŽ" D ß ^¦ ÉÇ  ¥l DE
pathogens are called infections or
infection diseases. Infections diseases 4 "#^4!^Kª A ÅàKŸ<=
can spread quickly from organisms to <=«‰
the other organisms.
 THE HOPE-5 31 SCIENCE NOTES

11) Describe the source of spread of <=>
F
ºr
¯

»

§¨
H¼ 

infections diseases.
Ans. (i) Through air ’“C Š‹ DE
(ii) Through water
(iii) Through animals ’“C‹Œ Š‹
(iv) Through food ’“C"P4 Š‹
(v) Through direct contact
’“CÎI Š‹
^DßbMû Š‹
12) Write a few steps of preventing the <=>
½¾
Tv¿
¯

À

¹ 
infections.
Ans. (i) It is essential to wash hands z C ¬K ­ " ® ^ D¯ " D6 e6 Š‹ DE
before cooking and eating
food and after using toilets. <UK"T¾že°#Ó
(ii) Avoid touching your eyes ` Ó / ± " ²G š a î4  ³/ Š‹
and mouth, as there are the
points for germs to enter your @ C ´# C œ ‰ o Y @: Sµ
body. <=¶
l
J · ^ Oà Y î4 ¾W ¸ â "  ¹"
(iii) Get vaccinated at proper
time. It is the important way Š‹
to prevent many diseases. <Uº«@
(iv) In case of any injury, cover
the wound immediately with ^¼± Kã/½Ž‰ '¾D»Ž Š‹
bandage ad consult a <î4‡M¿^À*WÈ*
physician.
13) Define decomposers. %
Á
[

Â
à 
Ans. The organisms which do decomposition ‰ 1dM#Ö"ÎI¾¿"Åì3"#C M TÁ DE
are called decomposers.
”#W¶f‰gM#FÂCWzÞz]"#Qše#67
<Uk—eTY=
14) What happened during %
6
Ä
[

£


 
decomposition of microorganisms?
 
Ans. During decomposition, organic  M#FWärÇÉ Ê §ÄQše3"#Ce
<=hEÃc DE
molecules break down into simple
components.
15) Write five ways to transmission of <W
ÅÆ
Ç

»

§¨
H¼ 
infectious disease.
Ans. (i) Air  Š‹ DE
(ii) Water
(iii) Food ‹Œ Š‹
(iv) Animals ÎI Š‹
(v) Direct contact
"P4 Š‹
^DßbMû Š‹
16) Define water borne disease. Give k
°
±
H¨
ª
È
qr

 
example.
 THE HOPE-5 32 SCIENCE NOTES

£ _
Ans. The pathogens transmit some diseases ‹Œžqw„  ¥l
 Åý*„=hW€Åà5’“C‹Œ¦ÇÉ DE
through water. Diarrhea, typhoid are the
water borne diseases. <=ÅàŽ"Dß^
17) Write the name of first antibiotic. <W
¦`
#
ÉB;
Ê
Ë 
Ans. Penicillin was the first antibiotic. <UÆ-.ÇÈÅ DE
18) Define penicillin.
 k
°
±
Ì 
Ans. Penicillin divided originally from a type > ¢  ¥WÉ¥l 5 † ‡ÊQ ^12  ¾¿  ± Ë / ¢  ¥WÉ¥l DE
of fungi, known as pencillium.
<=
19) Write two method to prevent from <W
ÅÆ


À

H¨
.Í 
infection.
Ans. Wash hands before cooking and eating ¹" 9:Û¹" Ì" e°#/ƒÓ ®^D¯"D6 DE
get vaccinated at proper time.
<S"WÍ"

Do You Know? / Informative

Tick ( ) the correct answer.
The bacteria which are beneficial for us are called: Dk
Î
ÏÐ
Ñ
Ò
E
7ƒ
y .1

Useful Harmful M#3o Both a and None of

(a) Åì£ (b) (c) P"#" (d) u¾/
bacteria bacteria Åì b these

2. The number of harmful bacteria is: <k

0
<<<<<<<<
7ƒ
&
a .2

Very Very
(a) M#ŎA (b) 3A (c) Very less A (d) All of these 1pY
more hard
The number of bacteria in your body is
3. <k
l!
‚
7ƒ<<<<<<<

0

Ó

Ô

so .3
_____ than the cell of your body.
None of
(a) Less  (b) More M#Ŏ (c) Soft 1n (d) these u¾/

The number of bacteria in a small spoon soil

4. is almost to the number of people living in .4
the continent:
None of
(a) America Ö (b) Africa γ (c) South India ŕ—F (d) these u¾/
w
w N ›ØٛM¸
5. Penicillin was the _______ antibiotic. <Õ
­
ÉB;
Ê
<<<<<<<<

Ö
× .5
(a) First È (b) Second K "# (c) Third KS Ò
It was derived originally from a type of fungi known
6. DÕ
Ú

Û

Ü
ÝÞ

­®
^
ß`
<<<<<<
à .6
as:

 ¤ ¥l
(a) Pencillium “  § (b) Bacteria Åì (c) Virus Oý" (d) Protozoa "Ž"
ã
7. Some mushrooms are: <k
.
<<<<<<<<
KšNhi›áâ
ä .7
 THE HOPE-5 33 SCIENCE NOTES

(a) Sweet Ï (b) Salts Ð (c) Sour Ñ (d) Poisonous Ò̎

8. Many mushrooms are eaten as: <%
6![
Šå

Ü

<<<<<<<

æ
H
ç .8
All of
(a) Food ÎI (b) Fruit ; (c) Vegetable Kä
these
ã
9. Mushrooms are _______ fungi. <k
­®
<<<<<<<
KšNhi›áâ .9
None of
(a) Small *ß (b) Large K (c) High Ó
u¾/

Key Points
Tick ( ) the correct answer.
ww
All those tiny organisms that can be seen
k
z
!
è

+

st
uv
E
Vdxo
éÍ

éÍ
¦ê
& .10
10.
only under the microscope are called: Dk
lm
Microorganisms
(a) Bacteria Åì (b) Fungi ¾¿ (c) Algae  (d) 
)ÝG"‚Q
11. Viruses are very _______ infection particles. <k
ºr

«ë
ìÁ
H¼

<<<<<<
­í
|} .11
(a) Large  (b) Tiny Ûß (c) Hard 3 (d) None u¾/
ww
Bacteria are _______ called microorganisms
l!
‚

Šîv

ï
ð
ñ
E
k
Vdxo
uv
Hò
<<<<<<<
7ƒ .12
12.
found in all types of environment. <k
(a) Single ! (b) Second "# (c) Third $ ±Œ
13. Viruses, bacteria and some fungi major groups of: <k
óô
­®

7ƒõ
¥}

ö'
÷

<<<<<< .13
Microorganisms
(a)  (b) Protozoa "Ž" (c) Algae  Åì
)ÝG"‚Q
Fungi are ____ unicellular or multicellular ww
14. <k
Vdxo
ø

Ó<<<<<<
7
ø

Ó

­® .14
organisms.
(a) Simple ™ (b) Hard 3 (c) Soft 1n  "#
They breakdown the complex matters of
15. <k
l>
ùú

TûÁ
&

TûÁ
&ü

<<<<<<
& .15
______ into simple components.
Dead Living None of
(a) 1dM#Ö (b) bodies 1dMŽ (c) Both a,b  P"# (d) these u¾/
bodies
16. Some _______ do decomposition. <k
ý
þ

Ž
HC
<<<<<<
ä .16
Microorganisms
(a) Fungi ¾¿ (b)  (c) Algae  (d) Bacteria Åì
)ÝG"‚Q
ww
17. Many microorganisms are used to make: <k
l!

Šå

HÛ

<<<<<<
Vdxo
uv
ä .17
 THE HOPE-5 34 SCIENCE NOTES

None of
(a) Fruits ; (b) Vegetables Åä (c) Medicine 'Å"# (d) these u¾/

Food items of daily use yogurt and bread
Šå
#
<<<<<<

HÛ

3



Ü

Š‹


«

&Á .18
18.
are prepared by using: <%
6![
Microorganisms
(a)  (b) Medicines 'Å"# (c) Bacteria Åì (d) Fungi ¾¿
)ÝG"‚Q
In order to prevent _______, we should keep
19. ourselves neat and clean and get vaccinated <‚!



9

so

ñ
%
H
Ñ



<<<<<< .19
at proper time.
All of
(a) Infections © (b) Covid-19 ÔÔ!ú"/ (c) Fungi ¾¿ (d) these 1pY

Answer Key
Q# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Ans. a c b a a d a b d b a a
Q# 14 15 16 17 18 19
Ans. a a b c a a
 THE HOPE-5 35 SCIENCE NOTES

`
The Hope

03 Flower and Seeds


Solved Exercise

     
     

In the given picture of a flower, which are
.1 ]=^3/ïKÕ]M#QCrÞ‰CrÞÖK# .1
the reproductive parts of the flower?
(A) A, B and D (B) B, C and D " #  ""  
(C) A, B and C (D) A, C and D "" #  #""  
The gram seed is covered by which
.2 ]Uk?*^_+J# .2
structure?
(A) Cotyledon (B) Seed coat ä/×  3)*J 
(C) Plumule (D) Endosperm 1Ú"Û  rØÙ 
Which conditions are necessary for seed
.3 ]UK"TeJÜÝÞBCßC+ .3
germination?
Water,
Water, soil and air,
(A)
darkness
(B) temperature, „'Ïg#„‹Œ  d„" „‹Œ 
air
Temperature,
(C) Air, water, light (D) A"„ „Œ  A"„‹Œ„ 
soil, light
.4 Which type of pollination is must for ]UK"TBCฎ\ø3/ .4
 THE HOPE-5 36 SCIENCE NOTES

papaya?
Cross
(A) Self-pollination (B) ¸Ž\OW  ¸Ž\á 
pollination
Both type of
(C) (D) None of these u¾/  12P"# 
pollination
Answer key
1. 2. 3. 4.
B B C B

Short
Questions

Can you tell the names and functions

1) <=Vâ1JC3"1eCŠ"%CrÞkG‡ 
of the four parts of a flower?
The four parts of flower are sepals,
  ¥©    §¥©
petals, stamens and carpel. <=ãJ"ñ ò „ä „  ï%CrÞ
Names Function
Sepals They protect the internal  

¦`
 §¥©
structures. <=hWŠ‹"  
_  DE
 »
<¢¥å  Wæç4rÞ/""'(
Ans. Petals Petals attract insects and
birds towards the flower.  
ä
  ¥©
Stamens It is the male reproductive <UKÕ]nY ñò
part.
Carpel Here pollen grains are <=åbNè\é ãJ
formed.
2) Compare between self-pollination ]© W`Ž7J¸Ž\OW"¸Ž\Ὣ_kG 
and cross pollination?
Ans. Self-pollination Cross pollination
ª

ª
|> DE
If pollen grains If pollen grains are
CrÞ!âNè\N C#\!âNè\N
are transferred transferred from _
l
from the anther the flower of one mOÅrÞø^ ¥   "#Cùø^rÞ
of a flower to plant to the stigma
the stigma of the of the flower of CrÞ "#C#\ ^]rÞC#\
same flower. It another plant. It is á^]€ºê§ë „$<=>¸Ž\OW
is called self- called cross _
pollination. It pollination. It Oì„¥<=>¸Ž\ OW‰MR"-ç"º§¥§ »
takes place in takes place in Ž\á‰MR"íî" <Uš¸Ž\
pea, cotton and maize, papaya and
tomato etc. rose etc. <Uš¸
3) Compare between gram and maize < W`Ž7J+C$"# 
seed.
Ans. Gram Seed Maize Seed 4
#
 4
#5 DE
There are two There is one
 THE HOPE-5 37 SCIENCE NOTES

cotyledons in the cotyledon in its 3)*J!‰+CO ()*J"#‰+C#

gram seed. seed.
The external Its external <Uk <=h
covering consists covering is in the ×!.!ïJO ×Û7!ï‹"™
of a thick seed form of a thin
coat. seed coat. <U‰Cä/ <Ukáä/
There are two Food is stored in Mñ“ÎI‰1Ú"Û ()*J"#ðCä/×
cotyledons endosperm.
beneath the seed <Uš <=
coat.
4) Define reproduction. < W†‡Õ]T 
Ans. Reproduction is a process in which BCòCš41pó“CMUTM"Õ] DE
living organisms reproduce new
organism of their kind so that their <Uô3ak<=hWß4v 
generation continues.
5) Label the given picture. < Wõ/"öÖK# 
Ans. DE
SLO Base MCQs
Tick ( ) the correct answer.
In the given picture of a flower, which are
k



H
&v

Š

‰

Š
Ú
H .1
the reproductive parts of the flower?
(a) A,B and D ""  (b) B,C and D " # (c)A,B and C #""  (d) A,C and D "" #
2. The gram seed is covered by which structure? %
6
C

(
4
#
5 .2
(a) Cotyledon 3)*J (b) Seed coat ä/× (c)Plumule rØÙ (d) Endosperm 1Ú"Û
3. Which conditions are necessary for seed germination? %
H
`
#


Ñ



4 .3
Water, soil and air, Water, temperature, Temperature, soil,
Air, water, light
(a) darkness (b) air (c) (d) light
A"„‹Œ„
d„" „‹Œ „'Ïg#„‹Œ A"„ „Œ
4. Which type of pollination is must for papaya? %
H
Ñ



ª

 .4
Self-pollination Cross pollination Both type of None of these
(a) (b) (c) (d)
¸Ž\á ¸Ž\OW pollination 12P"# u¾/
5. The stalk of flower is called: <%
.m
<<<<<<<


Š .5
(a) Pedicle ÷Kø (b) Petal ù (c)Sepal ú (d) Carpel ãJ
6. Male reproductive part of flower is: <%
<<<<<<<þ
C


Š .6
 ¥©
(a) Carpel ãJ (b) Stamen ¢ (c)Ovary K"" (d) Style û
7. Which of the following is not part of carpel? <%

<<<<<<



# .7
 THE HOPE-5 38 SCIENCE NOTES

(a) Stigma ºê§ë (b) Style û (c)Ovary K"" (d) Petal ù

8. Long stalk shaped structure is called: <%
.m
<<<<<<


‰

.8

 ¥©
(a) Stigma ºê§ë (b) Stamen ¢ (c)Filament üý (d) Ovary K""
9. Which one is female reproductive part of flower? D%
þ
C
H
&v
#
Š .9
 ¥©  (d) Filament
(a) Carpel ãJ (b) Stamen ¢ (c)Sepals ú üý
10. Choose the bottle shaped part of carpel. D%
6m
þ
#
‰
!"
#
# .10
(a) Stigma ºê§ë (b) Style û (c)Ovary K"" (d) Carpel ãJ
Choose the part of flower with which pollen
11. ˆS4þâNè\FCM W
M"JrÞ .11
grains adhesive to:
(a) Stigma ºê§ë (b) Ovary K"" (c)Style û (d) Petals ù

12. Pollination takes place through: <%
.
qr

<<<<<<<

ª .12

(a) Insects '( (b) Air  (c)Water ‹Œ (d) All of these 1p
13. Sexual reproductive take place through: <%
)
þ
qr

<<<<<<<

# .13
_
 ¥l  ¥©
(a) Anther    (b) Stamen ¢ (c)Flower rÞ (d) Carpel ãJ
L RN·&
14. Male gametes are formed in: <k
$

<<<<<<<
%›hN
 .14
 ¥©
(a) Pollen tube -è\ (b) Ovary K"" (c)Ovule rO"" (d) Stamen ¢
L RN·&
15. Female gametes are formed in: <k
$

<<<<<<<
%›hN
&v .15
 ¥©
(a) Ovule rO"" (b) Stigma ºê§ë (c)Stamen ¢ (d) Carpel ãJ
L RN·&
16. Male and female gametes fuse to form: <k
l'
<<<<<<<
>
ó
%›hN
&v

 .16
£
(a) Zygote äÇɺ §»Ž (b) Embryo |  (c)Ovule
O rO"" (d) None u¾/
17. Ovule later on is converted into: <%
6
ùú

<<<<<<
>
(
Š§ .17
(a) Seed + (b) Fruit ; (c)Leaves q (d) Stem 
18. Ovary ripens to form: <%
.'
<<<<<<
>
(
H .18
(a) Fruit ; (b) Leaves q (c)Seed + (d) None u¾/
19. Outer covering of seed is called: <%
.m
<<<<<<
)
*

4 .19
(a) Seed coat ä/× (b) Radicle ú (c)Plumule rØÙ (d) Peel 
Answer Key
Q# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Ans. b b b b a b c a a a d c
Q# 14 15 16 17 18 19
Ans. a a a a a a
 THE HOPE-5 39 SCIENCE NOTES

Short Questions
N
1) Define pedicel. <=>
?@

+, 

Ans. The stalk of flower is called pedicel. <=>ø/K•*rÞ DE
2) How many parts of flower? k

]

Š 
Ans. The flower has four parts: ˆ=hï5%CrÞ DE
(i) Sepal (ii) Petal (iii) Stamen (iv) Carpel  ¥©  $%
ãJ$% ¢ $% ù $% ú
3) Define pollination. <=>
?@


ª 
_
Ans. The transfer of pollen grains from the Ž\TJD€ºê§ëCrÞâNè\^ ¥lCrÞ DE
anther of flowers stigma is known as
pollination. <Uš—¸
4) How many pollination are there? k
¦-
/


ª 
Ans. There are two of pollination. ˆ=12"#¸Ž\ DE
(i) Self-pollination
(ii) Cross pollination ¸Ž\OW$% ¸Ž\á$%
5) What is meant by self-pollination? %
Á[


ª

_
Ans. If pollen grains are transferred from the C#\ mOÅrÞø ^ ¥lCrÞ!âNè\N DE
ê§ë
anther of flowers to the stigma of the
same flower. It is called self- <= > ¸ Ž\ á ^ ]  €  º  C rÞ  "#
pollination. It take place in pea, cotton, <Uk‰"#\Cíî"Oì„¥Y
tomato, etc.
6) How many ways of reproduction in plants? k
ÅÆ
]


Ã

 
Ans. There are two ways of reproduction in ˆ=«"#CÕ]T‰"#\ DE
plants.
(i) Asexual reproduction Õ] R Š‹
(ii) Sexual reproduction Õ] Š‹
7) How many ways of asexual reproduction? k
ÅÆ
]


#
. 
Ans. Layering, bulb, tuber, etc. are the ways <=«CÕ] RMR"û„  „ ã DE
of asexual reproduction.
8) What is germination of seed? %
[
/
#
4 
Ans. The germination of seed is a process in  |  C+‰MTÁsJ+
<U #\wß!^O DE
which a seedling comes out of the
embryo.
LM
9) Write characteristics and function of petals. <W
¦#

T01

2 N 
 /Ü#ã
Ans. There are coloured leaflets. It from "'(Y"=šE  "#Y<=>ù DE
second whorl. They attract insects and
birds towards the flowers. <=šW½«rÞ/"
10) Write characteristics and functions of ovary. <W
T01

¦#
#
H 
Ans. It is oval shaped of the carpel it has one h rO"" M#Ŏ ^ ! Å ! ‰ O U  K J ãJ Y DE
 THE HOPE-5 40 SCIENCE NOTES

or more ovules. <=

11) Define reproduction. <=>
?@

3C
H 
Ans. Reproduction is the process in which ß 4  v m  J 4 #Ö ^ Õ]  *" K DE
organisms produce new organisms of
their own kind. <UeW
12) What is layer? <=>
?@

4 
Ans. Often some branches of shrubs become <=> /O=š4-#‰Ž;K)"Ï5 DE
buried in the soil. It is called layer.
13) Define pollen tube. <=>
?@

5
6 
Ans. Pollen grain germinates and form a thin / O U # E - ø   C r " U  N è\ DE
tube in the style called pollen tube.
<=>-è\
14) What is ovule? %
[
Š§ 
Ans. Female gametes are formed in ovule. <U^rO"" ÊM#Q DE
15) Define radicle. <=>
?@

7~ 
Ans. The end of axis towards the pointed <Uk—)P "^+ DE
parts of seed is called radicle.

Do You Know? / Informative

There are may be more than _____
9©
:
k
z

;
#
&7
<<<<<<

Š
8 .1
carpels in a flower e.g., china.
(a) One ! (b) Two "# (c)Three $  %
Most of the pollination takes place through
2. <%
.
qr

<<<<<<

<=
>

ª
H
ç .2
insects and:
(a) Air  (b) Water ‹Œ (c)Soil A and b
3. The structure of wind pollinated flowers is different from: D%
.
?



ª
@ .3
(a) Insects pollinated (b) Wind pollination (c)Pollination ¸Ž\ &' ( 

Key Points
Tick ( ) the correct answer.
L LN M N
The ____ parts of a flower are sepals, petals, stamens and

KšáAhBõ2õ M 
<<<<<

Š .4
Cõ

4.
carpel. <k
#
(a) Four % (b) Three $ (c)Five ±Œ )' !
L
<%
6m
`
G

KšáAhB
F
8
#
1'
6
The transfer of pollen grains from anther
5. ED
to the stigma is called:
 THE HOPE-5 41 SCIENCE NOTES

Ž\
(a) Pollination (b) Reproduction (c)None u¾/ *+
¸
6. How many type of pollination? k
¦-
/


ª .6
(a) Two "# (b) Three $ (c)Four % *+ w
Reproduction is the process by which
organisms produce _____ organisms of ww ww
7. <k
l>
{
Vdxo
<<<
J

V
dxo

K
%
L
M
3CI EH
their own kind for the continuation of
their generation.
(a) New  (b) Old z; (c)Young 36 None of 
In ______ reproduction, only one percent
8. <%
6>
{
!
N

%
O
þ
!
^
9:

PÆ
<<<<< .8
produce new organisms of its own kind.
£ ¥§ ¥

(c) ,-'' ¢¤  \
(a) Asexual R (b) Sexual d None
Bulb, tuber, stem are the ways of
9. <%
6!
7


9:

PÆ
<<<<<
`Q

R#
Sõ
`Q
T .9
reproduction in plants:
£ ¥§ ¥

(a) Asexual R (b) Sexual (c) .'/ ã ,-'' ¢¤  \
10._______ divides repeatedly and form embryo. d i N >

\
;
;
<<<<<< .10
<%
U
§V

£
(a) Zygote äÇɺ §»Ž (b) Coat ä/ (c)Ovary K"" CarpelãJ
______ forms seed. The ovary ripens to form
11. <%
.!
ùú

W
>
(
H

X
k
l'
4
<<<<<< .11
fruit.
£
(a) Ovule rO"" (b) Zygote äÇɺ §»Ž (c)Leaves q 0rÞ
12.The gram seed has ______ cotyledons. <k
l
2
3#
<<<<<<

4

5 .12
(a) Two "# (b) Three $ (c)Four % ±Œ
For ______ germination the
13. environmental conditions are water, air, <%
.
T

YZ
ÖÐ

õ

Ñ



<<<<<< .13
etc.
£
(a) Seed + (b) Zygote äÇɺ §»Ž (c)Fruit ; 0rÞ

Answer Key
Q# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Ans. a a a a a a a a a a a a
 THE HOPE-5 42 SCIENCE NOTES

The Hope

04 Environmental Pollution


Solved
Exercise
     
     
Which disease is caused due to air
.1 ]Uš^g"Ã#ÝG¾Kàø3/ .1
pollution?
£
(A) Diarrhea (B) Typhoid žqw
  rr 
(C) Lung’s cancer (D) Cholera p  J" 
£
.2 The germs present in it cause typhoid. <=å Jžqw
 œ#67‰3 .2
(A) Sewerage water (B) Fertilizers #6  ‹ŒJ!" 
(C) Factory waste (D) Insecticides 'Å"#Qz  #JPÓJ 
.3 Which one of these is non-biodegradable? ]Ueú$e=ø3/^‰3 .3
(A) Feathers (B) Paper kJ_  %C" 
 
(C) Leaves of plants (D) Polythene bag &' Ž\  qC"#\ 
Which of the following is Not a greenhouse
.4 ]Uu(O—ÓN(ø3/^‰3 .4
gas? _
  ¥) ¥”
(A) Oxygen (B) Methane ¢  ŠG 
(C) Ozone (D) Carbon dioxide žwG¾*uJ  3"Ž" 
 THE HOPE-5 43 SCIENCE NOTES

Which one of the following acts causes most

.5 ]Ug"Ã#ÝG¾M#Ŏ^ TF3/^‰3 .5
of the air pollution?
(A) Collecting rubber (B) Burning rubber e+/  eW*/ 
 £
ƒ§, Ê»FK
Recycling
(C) Reusing rubber (D)  e ‰rlM."#/ 
rubber
Answer key
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
C A D A B

Short Questions

1) Write three causes of air pollution. <'Ó6"$Ã#ÝG¾ 

Ans. Three causes of air pollution: 'Ó6"$Ã#ÝG¾ DE
1 Smoke emitting from vecicles and
factories. °# "^PÓJ"Oz­ 
2 Burning of fules in the kilns and ¾*uJ^-C./‰"P"0 
homes is producing carbon
dioxide gas. <UšßžwG
3 The fire in the forests also causes <Ug"Ã#ÝG¾d1GŽ"2‰'Õ 
air pollution.
2) What are the four effects of pollution ]=‡' %CÃ#ÝGÃŽ 
on life?
Ans. 1 Germs present in polluted water <=åt.JOàœ#67‰‹ŒM#ÝG  DE
are cause of the diseases.
2 The poisonous substances present #Q8̎#67‰#7MJex"^PÓJ 
in the factory wastes pollute water <=hWM#ÝG/rXQ3Ž"(G
­M#ŎJŠGM45‰‹ŒÅñò¦§|»#67‰!"" 
and land environment.
3 Bacteria present in sewerage use
most of the dissolved oxygen & P4(G^g"M=Wrl
present in water and the aquatic
animals e.g., Fish die due to lack <=h4Öt.C6ŠG
of oxygen. "žwG¾*uJ„7J#ÝG#67‰M#ÝG 
4 The presence of pollutants such as
chemicals, carbon dioxide and Åà²G" „89:Ž;K "#
large quantity of other gases in <=šWß
polluted air cause throat, skin and
eye diseases.
3) What is greenhouse effect? ]=‡ §¨ O—ÓN 
¥„
Ans. Carbon dioxide and other gases present Ž]/A"< ¥É =#"žwG¾*uJ#67‰Kj DE
in our environment work like the gases
of greenhouse. In other words, this O ># uÌ.^ /'Ï Ž=>#?@
allows the sunlight to reach the Earth, <=> §¨ O—ÓN/T
but does not allow to leave the heat of
 THE HOPE-5 44 SCIENCE NOTES

Earth. This process is called greenhouse

effect.
4) What will be the effects of global ]©' ‡CB"úA 
warming?
Ans. 1 The climate of the world will be <Ãî4¶f"-G=#  DE
changed.
2 The melting of ice of North and ‹Œ‰"à î4Cïû D(E"Žo 
South poles will be increased the <Ãî44
level of sea water.
5) Write three ways of preventive <'Q²$CDWÃ#ÝGšFXQ 
measures to reduce pollution.
Ans. 1 Polluted water should not be <n*`‰ÝeK"—Å#/‹ŒM#ÝG  DE
poured into rivers and canals.
2 The garbage and solid wastes of « H / # OI  "# " JW z/GP 
houses to be disposed of in a <SµDK^
proper way.
3 the number of vehicles needs to  Oz­ Ž" L# °# M#Ŏ "  #0  Oz­ 
be reduced and smoke emitting <SµKLŒ
vehicles should be banned.

SLO Base MCQs

Tick ( ) the correct answer.
1. Particular place where an organism lives is called: D%
6m

[
!
­
\
]
ÝÞ .1
(a) Environment rXQ (b) Habitat ‚ (c) Ecosystem 1MšFXQ (d) Society MÝN
2. Environment means: D%
^
#
Šîv .2

Animals, Sunlight, ·1 All of the

(a) 3&„P4 (b) water (c) Water, air „‹Œ (d) above 1pM/O
humans „A"
3. Select the living component of environment: D=>
`
#
_
!

Šîv .3
(a) Plants #\ (b) Water ‹Œ (c) Soil (d) Air 
4. Select the non-living component of environment: D=>
`
#

!
a

Šîv .4
(a) Sunlight A"·1 (b) Plants #\ (c) Animals P4 (d) Insects zPz
Any change in the environment which is
5. Dk
°


&
a
Ñ

!
E
bú
­

Šîv .5
harmful to living thing is called:
Environmental Air Water Land 3Ž
(a) (b) Ã#ÝG¾ (c) pollution Ã#ÝG(G (d) pollution
pollution Ã#ÝGšFXQ pollution Ã#ÝG
6. Substance that cause pollution are called: D%
6!¢

&v

c
d;

eo .6
(a) Pollutant DxÃ#ÝG (b) Poisonous (c) Insecticides (d) Pesticides
 THE HOPE-5 45 SCIENCE NOTES

" substance #Q8̎ "#Qz 'Å"#Qz

7. How many types of pollution? k
¦-
/

eo .7
(a) Three $ (b) Four % (c) Five ±Œ (d) Six 2
8. Water pollution caused by: D%

f
#
eo
”o .8
Sewage JOQ Insecticides All of the
(a) waste of (b) (c) Fertilizers #6 (d) 1pM/O
#!" 'Å"#Qz above
factories
Garbage of houses and cities causes which type of
9. %
U
d;
#
eo

ï
(
g
#
h

i .9
pollution?

Land Water Air None of ^‰3

(a) Ã#ÝG3Ž (b) pollution Ã#ÝG(G (c) pollution Ã#ÝG¾ (d) the these
pollution u¾/
10. Fish die due to lack of: <k
.!
Á



j

<<<<<<<
k
l .10
Carbon monoxide Carbon ¾*uJ ^‰3
(a) Oxygen ŠG (b) (c) (d) None
žwGP7uJ dioxide žwG u¾/
11. Pollutants gases present in smog causes: Dk
m

n
ª
«>
{
eo



op .11

Lung " Both a and All of the

(a) (b) Allergy RS (c) b P"#" (d) 1pM/O
diseases Oà above

12. Roof and walls of greenhouse are made of which colour? k
q

r
(
=§

s

| t
u' .12
Can be ãd;
made of
(a) Green ä (b) Brown T (c) White É (d) any 4¾E^
colour Uc
Increase in temperature due to emission of
13. <k
°

£

y
| t
u'
vw

Tx

 .13
greenhouse gases is called:

Global Greenhouse effects None of ^‰3

(a) B"úA (b) (c) Pollution Ã#ÝG (d) the above
warming ' CO—ÓN u¾/
Government initiative of “Billion Tree
14. D
|}
”¬#

¦¿

~
H€


‚!

z{ .14
Plantation” will be achieved in:
(a) Five years @rF±Œ (b) Four years @rF% (c) Three years @rF$ (d) Six years @rF2
15. Which diseases caused due to air pollution? %
.
H¨





eo
­ƒ .15

Lung J" £
(a) Diarrhea rr (b) cancer (c) Typhoid žqw
 (d) Cholera p

16. Which one of the following acts causes most %
U
f
#
eo
­ƒ
Ã




ùr
 .16
 THE HOPE-5 46 SCIENCE NOTES

of the air pollution?

 £»
Collecting Burning Reusing M."#JRecycling § , Ê FK
(a) eW* (b) UJ (c) (d)
rubber rubber rubber rl rubber 
17. Which diseases is caused by air pollution? k
.
H¨


eo
­ƒ .17

£ Lung J"
(a) Diarrhea rr (b) Typhoid žqw
 (c) (d) Cholera p
cancer 
Answer Key
Q# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Ans. a d a a a a a d a a c a a
Q# 14 15 16 17
Ans. a a a c

Short Questions

1) Define environment. <=>
?@

Šîv 

The environment means the plants, „3&„P4„#\x"D4îŒ#N#j#Ö^rXQ
Ans. animals, humans, sunlight, water and air DE
which are present around us. <="‹Œ„A"·1
2) What is the environmental pollution? %
[
eo
.„îv 
Ans. (i) Air Pollution (ii) Water Pollution Ã#ÝG(G<×Ã#ÝG3Ž<ÖÃ#ÝG¾<Ô DE
(iii) Land Pollution
3) What are the causes of air pollution? k
[
ºr

eo
­ƒ 
Ans. Smokes emitting from vehicles and  #Q 8̎ #67 ‰ S°# V " S°# C Wí DE
factories. The poisonous substances are
present in the smoke pollute the air. <=J#ÝG
4) How plants are affected by air pollution? k
l
†

eo
­ƒ
‡Æ
(
 
Ans. Inhibits photosynthesis and growth in xÑ C p"X " !k ¾› ‰ "#\ ^ g"  Ã#ÝG ¾ DE
plants due to air pollution. Elements of
industrial air pollution are dissolved in Ã#ÝG ¾ x" D ·Ó ^ Y U šG Z ä"J ‰
rain water. <=h45‰‹ŒCö.ð[C
5) How does water pollution spread? %
ˆ
‡Æ
(
eo
”o 
Ans. The sewage, wastes of factories, #6"'Å"# Q z„#Q MJe CPÓJ„‹ŒÚ Jàe DE
insecticides and fertilizer etc.
<=hWM#ÝG/‹ŒMR"
6) Write the names of disease spread by water pollution. k
[
‰

eo
”o 
£
Ans. Cholera, typhoid, diarrhea, stomach g"  ‹Œ M#ÝG Åà Ž" ## \4 J 0 " rr„ žqw„
 p DE
pain. All of these disease are spread by
water. <=
7) What is greenhouse? %
[
| t
u' 
 THE HOPE-5 47 SCIENCE NOTES

Ans. The greenhouse is the made of the <= š  ] C ã ä ^ " "O#  ] O—Ó N DE
glass. Its roofs and walls are of the
green house is the colourless glass. <=h­rÞ"Åä‰O1Ý
People grow vegetables and flowers in
it.
8) What is meant by greenhouse gases? %
Á
[

Š
| t
u' 
Ans. Nitrogen oxide, ozone and water vapour  M"˜C O U á  ŠG " ¦"_e ­ M#Ŏ  Kj DE
are also present. These are called
greenhouse gases. d '` (G„ 3"Ž"„ žwG ¦"_e„ žwG ¾* uJ ‰
<=š—aO—ÓN6=#67
9) What is the fossil fuel? k
°
±
Š‹
Œc 
Ans. Coal, crude oil and natural gas are all <=š—rb÷ã (š²"r"c„d/ DE
considered as fossil fuel.
10) What is meant by global warming? %
Á
[


Ž 
Ans. When fossil fuel is burnt, carbon N " žwG ¾* uJ Ž" D ß ^ D+ C rb ÷ã DE
dioxide and other greenhouse gases are
increased. This results in the increase of <U Ó 4  Œ J Ž Kj ^ e 9  ; O—Ó
temperature of earth. It is called global <=>B"úA^
warming.
11) What is 4R principle? %
[

‘ 
Ans. 4R means to recycle, reuse, reduce and "eWrl..„eE®GJ M."#„eWrl#Ö^1 DE
refuse.
<UeWbN^rl
12) Write the example of non-biodegradable materials. <W
’‹


Â
Ž“` 
Ans. Glass, heavy metals, computer  ½„ f;  ½„ '4 MŽ C íg „ tÈ# K „ h DE
components, plastic bottle, polythene
bags, chemicals etc. are the example of <=nó–eú$ei„jC
non-biodegradable materials.
 THE HOPE-5 48 SCIENCE NOTES

The Hope

05 Physical and chemical changes of Matter

    

Solved Exercise
     
     
.1 The change of milk into yogurt is: ˆkJm#^#"# .1
(A) Physical change (B) Climate change Òm"-G  Òfl 
(C) Chemical change (D) Change of colour Òfo  Òf¾n 

Why did a person painted his iron gate? ]‡ã:MŽ"#JUÝpDq!

1.
To save from
2.
To save from CDr^k°#  ^D#ÝG㎠
rusting sunlight
.2
To make it To save from
B BCDr .2
3. 4.
beautiful water BCDr^‹Œ  BCDE'sI 
Out of this which answer is correct?
]Ub#-6F3/^‰3
(A) 1 and 2 (B) 1 and 3     "          "     
(C) 2 and 3 (D) 1 and 4     "          "    
Which factor will not affect the dissolving of
.3 ]­Wu t/D5Cu‰‹Œ-6F3/ .3
sugar in water?
Making sugar /OWw/u
(A) Adding salt in water (B)  v*[‰‹Œ 
powder by grinding eE!.
Heating water and Stirring water and
(C) (D) exu"‹Œ  eW1Nu"‹Œ 
sugar sugar
.4 Which one is not a chemical change? ]UuÒf¾nø3/^‰3 .4
 THE HOPE-5 49 SCIENCE NOTES

(A) Seed germination (B) Making paper boat eEykJ  sJ+ 
(C) Burning of wood (D) Coking food eEe6  UJKz 
What type of change is it when metal expands
.5 ]UÒfù_TJ{C'È#DW1N .5
on heating?
(A) Permanent (B) chemical ¾n  | 
(C) Physical (D) Temporary }  l 
Answer key
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
C B A B D

Short Questions
Explain evaporation giving examples
< W~"^ÝóÃŽM֎"/T 
1) from everday life.
If water falls on the floor, then after @:<Uk4›ö³z&#5]î4N‹Œö³N
sometime the floor becomes dry. Water
is released into surrounding air ½P#NW¶f‰'`(G€‹Œ^‚1p
continuously as water vapoures from all ""–„:„—Å#TY<UHkxω
Ans. wet surfaces. This process takes place DE
continuously from the surface of canals, ‹Œ<UHK4€^4¾ .‹Œ‰MR""
lakes, rivers and ocedans etc. The <Uš— „„T ƒƒÒf‰'`(G
change of water into water vapours is
called evaporation.
2) Define condensation. < W†‡ T 
Ans.
The change of gas into liquid is called <=> T/D4¶f‰†K‡QJ'`C‹Œ DE
condensation.
3)
What is rusting and which type of ]UÒfø3/Y"U‡ˆ㎠
change is this?
The change that occurred on the iron Å ˆ ㎠/ Òf Ž" D  UÝ ^ T C ‹Œ " ŠG
dur to the action of oxygen and water is
Ans.
called rusting. Rusting is a chemical <UT¾n!ˆãŽ<=> DE
process.
Give an example of chemical change ß ( žwG ¾* uJ ‰ M # ró !  Òf ¾n
4) 
in which carbon dioxide is produced? ]Uš
When slaked lime is dissolved in water šßžwG¾*uJ]î4‡5‰‹Œ/*CDN
Ans. DE
then carbon dioxide gas is produced. <U
5)
Explain the three states of matter and < W3
/Òfj.‰öG3"‰K$C‹Œ 
their interconversion.
There are three states of matter, i.e., Š'` (G‹ ( " Š‹Œ‹ ‡Q„Šïû‹ OI ŠK $  ‹Œ
Ans. solid (ice), liquid (water) and gas (water DE
vapours). <=
 THE HOPE-5 50 SCIENCE NOTES

Do You Know? / Informative

Tick ( ) the correct answer.
Wet clothes are dried due to: k
l
”


(
•
– .1
(a) Evaporation '` (b) Boiling ‹ (c)Freezing Œ (d) All 1pY
2. Boiling a liquid requires ______ temperature. D%
6
Ã
#
T— .2
(a) High ‹ (b) Low e (c)Both P"# (d) None u¾/
The process of ______ can take place at any C'`"U‘'Ïg#d;TJ ‫ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔‬.3
3. temperature and at high temperature of
evaporation became rapid. <Uk4ª'Ïg#

(a) Evaporation '` (b) Melting Ž (c)Boiling ‹ 2'/Œ

To prevent _______ from rusting, its surface is
4. Dk
lQ
š

˜

|
÷
Ñ

«À

™
r

 .4
coated with paint oil or chromium.
Copper
(a) Iron /UÝ (b) Gold /D1 (c)Zinc Ž
k

Key Points

Process during which solids becomes liquid on
6m

ùú

ºv
|›

«>
œ

Tx

K
Ã
& .5

5.
absorption of heat is called: D%
(a) Melting Ž (b) Boiling ‹ (c)Rusting ㎠(d) Decaying eM
6. Which one is not chemical change? %

bú
­




 .6
Seed
(a) germination+
Burning Making Cooking
(b) e+JKz (c) boat eEy (d) food e¯e6
of wood
‘
7. Burning of candle is example of: D%
Š‹
ž
Ÿ
¦ .7

Physical Chemical
Bio- 7-.
(a) Òf’ (b) change Òf¾n (c) chemical (d) None u¾/
change
change Òf
8. The change of milk into yogurt is: ˆUeW¶f‰m#/#"# .8
‰"-G Change
(a)
Physical Climate
Òfl (b) change
Chemical
Òf (c) change Ä
Òf¾º§ (d) of Òfã
change
colour
 THE HOPE-5 51 SCIENCE NOTES

9. Why did a person paint his iron gate? ]‡”:“JUÝpDq! .9

^
To save ^2㎠To save ^A"·1 To make it
To save
(a) from (b) from (c) 'sI (d) from er^‹Œ
rusting er sunlight er beautiful
water
eE
Which factor will not affect the dissolving of
10. l>

>
¢



£
Ã
¡ E
sugar in water?
Adding [‰‹Œ Making eE*"ŒNæ Heating ‹Œ„'Ï Stirring Å•‹Œ
(a) salt in (b) sugar (c) water and (d) water or
water em powder sugar Næ" sugar Næ
11. Which one is not a chemical change? <%

bú
¤






E

Seed Ju Making

Burning Cooking
(a) (b) paper eEyJkJ (c) of wood UJKz (d) food e¯e6
germination s boat
What type of change it when metal expand on šÒfù_‰O]Uš4–D1N'È#\ .12
12.
heating? ]U
(a) Permanent | (b) Physical ‹— (c)Chemical ¾n (d) Temporary }
13. How many states of matter are: k
¥}
/

v .13
(a) One ! (b) Two "# (c)Three $ (d) Four %
14. In physical change, what changes? k
.o
¦ú
[

bú
§ .14
Chemical Chemical Appearance of
(a) composition (b) characteristics (c) substance (d) None u¾/
˜­¾n 'Z[¾n K̵M#Q
Process of change of solid state into liquid state

Ã

«>
ùú

¨}
ºv

¨}
|›
>
œ

Tx .15
15.
by absorption of heat is called: Dk
°
(a) Melting Ž (b) Freezing Œ (c)Boiling — èT (d) Evaporation T
When solid piece of ice cream absorb heat and
16. D%
6!
Š©

ºv
à

k
l>
¦'

ª
|›
÷
« .16
it change into liquid this is example:
£ ¥É 

(a) Melting Ž (b) Condensation¢¤ ™ (c)Boiling ‹ (d) Evaporation T

6m
%
6
ùú

|›
ºv

K
Ã
& .17
17. The process by which liquid is changed into solid is called:
D%
£ ¥É 

(a) Freezing Œ (b) Boiling ‹ (c) Condensation ¢¤ ™ (d) Evaporation š›"
18. The process of boiling involves: D%
óô
Ã
#
¬ .18
Particle '“ Force š4"Ùtœ Space C'“ All are xÏ1pY
(a) movement (b) become (c) between (d)
become ªÎÏ weaker = particles 3# involved =
 THE HOPE-5 52 SCIENCE NOTES

faster Uš4 increases

19. Change of water into vapours is called: Dk
°

bú

T—

 .19

(a) Evaporation '` (b) Melting Ž (c)Boiling ‹ (d) Drying eW›

°

Ã
|

k
l
ùú


«
T—

 .20
20. Conservation of water vapour into liquid is called:
Dk

Condensation
(a) Freezing Œ (b) Evaporation '` (c)  £ ¤¥É (d) None u¾/
¢ ™
21. Wet clothes are dried due to: k
l
”


(
•
– .21
(a) Evaporation T (b) Condensation T (c)Freezing Π(d) All 1p
22. Process of evaporation take place at: D%
6
Ã
#
T— .22
Can take place at any
High temperature Low temperature
(a) (b) temperature (c) (d) More air M#Ŏ
ŒM#Ŏ Œ
'Ïd;
When our sweat dries, we feel cold due to which
­
H®
¯
°r
Ã
(

%
6
”
±
Ò
« .23
23.
process? %

Condensation
(a)  £ ¤ ¥É (b) Evaporation '` (c)Drying e› (d) None u¾/
¢ ™
24. The substance dissolved in less quantity is called: D%
6m
²

³
´
#
 .24
(a) Solute äà1 (b) Solvent žÝ1 (c)Precipitate -1 (d) Extract ŸQ
25. Dissolving sugar by moving rod in solution is example: %
Š‹

(
`>
²
£

µ¶

+

C .25
(a) Stirring ex (b) Decaying e (c)Burning U (d) All 1p

6m
‚!
7

³
H<·
R¸¹

K
µ¶
& .26
26. A solution having minor quantity of solute is called:
D%
Dilute Concentrated Saturated
(a) ¡¢£ (b) solution 5¤Ö (c) solution M4¥ (d) None u¾/
solution
Process of decomposing dead organisms and
27. Dk
°

Ã

r
HC

v
º

 !
&Á .27
waste matter is called:
(a) Decaying (b) Rotting ¦ (c)Burning U (d) Rusting ˆãŽ
28. Burning of candle is an example: D%
Š‹
ž
#
Ÿ
¦ .28

Physical Chemical
Bio- &'¾/
(a) Òf’ (b) change Òf¾n (c) chemical 7-.
change
change u
Answer Key
Q# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
 THE HOPE-5 53 SCIENCE NOTES

Ans. a a a a a c
Q# 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
Ans. c a a a a a b a a a a
Q# 27 28
Ans. a b
Short Questions
1) What is matter? How many states are there? k
¦-
/

|
%
[
&v 
All the substances are made of matters. 8 " U § ¨ M#Q = Æ ^ M#Q – 1p #67 #N# j
Matter has mass and occupies space.
Ans. $ M#Q <= © ^ "#Q C ù 5 = 5 <U k DE
The three physical states of matter are
solid, liquid, gases. <(„‡Q„OIUk4Ō‰‰K
2) What is meant by physical change of matter? %
Á
[

bú
»

&v 
Ans. In physical change only appearance of a – U š ¶f '¾ K̵ ïð  = ; ‰ Òf ’ DE
substance changes but chemical
composition remains the same. <UÐmª"˜­¾nO
3) Give one example of physical change. <=
Š‹
^

bú
» 
Ans. The dissolving of salts in water is a d ö" / Òf ’ <U Òf ’ ! e 5 J [ ‰ ‹Œ DE
physical change. Physical state can be
reversed. <U‘4‡
4) What is meant by melting? %
Á
[

¼ 
Ans. The process of change of solid state by ¶f ‰ †K  ‡Q CW -n 'Ï J †K OI  M#Q DE
absorption of heat is called melting.
<=>Ž/TCD
5) What is meant by freezing? %
Á
[

r½Y 
Ans. The process during which heat is D ¶f ‰ †K OI CW ·Ó 'Ï J †K ‡Q  M#Q DE
released from the liquid changing it into
solid is called freezing. <=>ŒÅãb³/TC
6) Define boiling. <=>
?@

¾ 
Ans. One heating the change of liquid into D ¶f ‰ †K « CW -n 'Ï J †K ‡Q  M#Q DE
gas is called boiling.
<=>‹/TC
7) Define condensation. <=>
?@

¿
à 
Ans. The change of gas into liquid is called  T„TJD4¶f‰†K‡QJ†K«#Q DE
condensation.
<Uk—
8) Define evaporation. <=>
?@

À
à 
Ans. The change of water into vapours is <Uš—¬T¬Òf‰'`(G‹Œ DE
called evaporation.
9) Define solute. <=>
?@

R¸ 
Ans. The substance that dissolves in water š— ¬äàF¬  ‰ 9  6 ­ Ž" D 5 ‰ ¡à1 DE
and in less quantity is called “solute”.
<U
 THE HOPE-5 54 SCIENCE NOTES

10) Define solvent. <=>
?@

Áe 

Ans. The substance that dissolve a solute and š—¬žÝF¬‰9M#Ŏ6­Ž"D5‰¡à1 DE
in more quantity is called solvent.
<U
11) Define rusting. %
Á
[

Â
r 
Ans. The change that occurred on the iron Å ˆ ㎠/ Òf Ž" D  UÝ ^ T C ‹Œ " ŠG DE
due to the action of oxygen and water is
called rusting. <=>Â
Iron + Oxygen + Water = Rusting ãŽ4‹Œ3ŠG3ÓÝ
 THE HOPE-5 55 SCIENCE NOTES

The Hope

06 Light and Sound


Solved Exercise

     
     

.1 How does light travel in air? ]UšW®^‰A" .1
(A) In a circle (B) Along curved path ¶#½  ‰Cý# 
(C) Along a straight line (D) In dispersed path ¶°   ¯ 
.2 Which object reflect maximum light? ]UkW §Ü A"M#Ŏ^ oF3/ .2
(A) White paper (B) Coloured paper kJ#ã  kJÉ 
(C) Mirror (D) Brick wall O#  ±G 
.3 Speed of sound is maximum in: ˆUšM#Ŏ^ ²Ž"G .3
(A) A metal wire (B) Air   ‰kšÈ# 
(C) Water (D) Vacuum ‰  ‹Œ 
.4 Which of the following sounds is called noise? ˆUš—æŽ"Gø3/ .4
(A) Sound of a flute (B) Rustling of leaves ´  µ  Ž"GK³. 
(C) Pressure horn (D) Chirping of birds ´·"  3Ó¶ 
When water comes in the way of sound
.5 ˆ]î4G‹Œ‰¶CŽ"G¾¸‰N .5
travelling through air:
 THE HOPE-5 56 SCIENCE NOTES

Sound will slow

(A) Sound will stop (B)
down Ãî4¹GŽ"G  Ãî4Î Ž"G 

Sound will become No effect on the  ¾/²Ž"G

(C) (D)  Ãî4ªŽ"G 
fast speed of sound ­ºu
Answer key
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
C C A C C

Short Questions

What is a transparent object? Write

1) <Sâ1eC–ï»$]Uš‡­ï» 
the name of three transparent object.
Ans. The objects through which light can ^‰3<=š—–ï»M"„U‘4’#ŒGC–¦ DE
pass completely are called transparent.
We can seen clearly across them. E.g., <‹Œ"A"„ˆnó<Uš4¼±ÌA"
air, light and water.
When is your shadow the shortest k½^ "wß^ YFJkG‰A"·1
2) 
and the longest in the sunlight? ]U
Ans. When object is nearer to source of light, J îF C O ] U k  ^ ÊQ C A" ¾Z J ­ ; \ DE
its shadow is bigger. When an object is
at greater distance from the source of J O ] U k M#œ ^ ÊQ ¾Z J ­ ; \ <U k  ÷F
light, its shadow becomes smaller. <Uk4wßYF
The moon is non-luminous like our ^¡"¿Y–Uo¡"R½«ŽKj%
3) Earth. How does it look luminous to 
us? ]U#¾6#
Ans. The moon is non-luminous like our  A"  ·1 Y – U o ¡" R ½«  Ž Kj % DE
Earth. But it looks brighter because of
sunlight. When sunlight falls on the % ] U šº % \ A"  ·1 <U kG À ¡" ^ g"
Earth, so the Moon reflects this light <UkGÀ%^g"MUkW §Ü /A"O
that makes the moon look bright.
Can you be a winner while running 3
 d g" ]= V Á ‰ z"# F C îF  kG ‡
4) with your shadow? Give the reason 
also. < W
Ans. No, we can not be the winner while ;@:VuÁ‰z"#FCîF kG@uR DE
running with our shadow. Because the
shadow of any thing is always attached d YF j ½« ø U H ) ¢ F C O YF J = d
to it. Similarly, our shadow is also YFjnz"#ª}ÖÂ@UH)mFCoj
attached to our body. Our shadow will
stay with us as fast as we want. <­UmFj
When a train is moving away from š  '4  Ž"G  O ]  m4 "# ^ kG N Kz­ ¶
5) you, will the intensity of its sound 
increase or decrease? ]ÃUm§"ÅÃî4
 THE HOPE-5 57 SCIENCE NOTES

Ans. If we move away from the train, the î4¾Z^Kz­¶]S4h"#^Kz­¶@N DE

distance from the train will increase. In
the same way, the intensity of the sound <Ãî4šd'4Ž"G^g"ø"­
will decrease.

SLO Base MCQs

Tick ( ) the correct answer.
How does light travel in air? %
.>
Ã
Ä


Å .1
In a circle Along a straight Along curved path In dispersed path
(a) (b) (c) (d)
‰Cý# line  ¯ ¶#½ ¶°
L
2. Which object reflect maximum light? %
6>
ÆÇN hÈÉ
Å
&7

Ö
Ô

 .2
White Coloured Brick
(a)
paper kJÉ (b) paper kJ#ã (c)Mirror ±G (d) wall O#

When water comes in the way of sound travelling through

3. D
‚!o


Ê

o
­
Ë


' .3
air:
Sound will slow No effect on the Sound will become
Sound will stop
(a) down (b) speed of sound (c) fast (d)
Ãî4Î Ž"G
Uš4¹GŽ"G ­ºu ¾/²Ž"G Ãî4ªŽ"G
4. Speed of sound is maximum in: D%
.
&7

Ö
Ì

o .4
(a) Air ‰ (b) Water ‰‹Œ (c)Metal wire ‰kšÈ# (d) Vacuum ‰
5. Which of the following sounds is called noise? %
.m
Í
o

 .5
Sound of a flute Pressure horn Chirping of birds Rustling of leaves
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Ž"GK³. 3Ó¶ ´·" ´ µ
6. Light is the type of: D%
ï
^
Å .6
Acceleration
ÎÏ (b) Energy Rn (c)Speed à (d)
šÉ l
(a) Motion

7. Speed of light in space (air) is: D%
Î

Å

Ï .7

(a) 3×109 ms-1 (b) 3×108 ms-1 (c)3×107 ms-1 (d) 3×1010 ms-1
8. Speed of light travels in one second: D%
.>
Ð
ÑÒ
Ó

Ô
^
Å .8
200,000 km 400,000 km 500,000 km 300,000 km
(a) (b) (c) (d)
ĝÅ "# ĝÅ % ĝÅ ±Œ ĝÅ $
9. Which one of the following object emit its light? %
.>
Þ
Å
Õ
[


ùr
Ö .9
(a) Wood Kz (b) Brick ž (c)Sun ·1 (d) Soil
10. The light from the sun reaches on the earth in: D%
)
×
ØÙ

Ú
Û
܏
Å

¹ .10
 THE HOPE-5 58 SCIENCE NOTES

(a) 5 minutes ü±Œ (b) 10 minutes üO# (c)15 minutes üMÆ (d) 8 minutes üÇG
11. Moon is: D%
© .11
Light emitting
Luminous object Opaque object Non-luminous object
(a) (b) (c) (d) object
­¡" ­ï» ­¡"R
­Ž"DW·ÓA"
______ light is the return of light when its
12. <k
°
<<<<<

Å

Þe
ß
>
à

˜
9Ý
.
8
#
Å .12
hits an opaque surface.
£
  §È
(a) Reflection ¢¤  (b) Dispersion ¡Ú* (c)Echo É (d) Refraction ʳ
13. Sound is a type of energy: D%
ï
^

á
o .13

”
(a) Mechanical Ë ¥§ (b) Thermal
,
 Ê xÌ (c)Electrical Í (d) Chemical 7
14. The speed of sound through air: D%
Î

o

 .14
340 meter per 500 meter per 1500 meter per 5000 meter per
(a) (b) (c) (d)
second ÏÅÄ×ÙÎ second ÏÅÄ
ÎÎ second ÏÅÄÔ
ÎÎ second ÏÅÄ
ÎÎÎ

1- Describe the structure of atoms. <W
¦`


9Ý
â
%
.
[
ã
9Ý 1

Ans: The object through which light can pass ^ ‰ 3 <= š— – ï» M" U ‘ 4 ’# ŒG C – ¦ ˆ-6
completely are called transparent. We
can seen clearly across them like air, ‹Œ"A"„Ð<Uš4¼±ÌA"
light and water.
2- When is your shadow the shortest and
6
ä
’

Ö

˜Í

Ö
à
#
so

Å

¹ 2
the longest in the sunlight?
%
Ans: When object is neares to sources of light, îFC O ] U k  ^ ÊQ C A" ¾Z J ­ ; \ ˆ-6
its shadow is bigger. When an object is
at greater distance from the source of O ] U k M#Ŏ ^ ÊQ ¾ZJ ­ ; \<U k4   ÷FJ
light, its shadow becomes smaller. <Uk4wßYFJ
3- The moon is non-luminous like our
Ä
µ
¯
à
å
%
Ô
µ
.
‡Æ

܏
HÒ
© 3
Earth. How does it look luminous to
us? %
æ
­

Ans: The moon is none luminous like our g"A"·1Y–Uo¡"R½«ŽKj% ˆ-6
Eath. But it looks brighter because of
sunlight. When sunlight falls on the O % ] U šº  % \ A"  ·1 <U kG À ¡" ^
earth, so the moon refects this light that <UkGÀ¡"%^g"MUkW ÊÜ /A"
makes the moon look bright.
4- Can you be a winner while running <=>
F

k
z
ç

C
è

‚ 
so[ 4
with shadow? Give the reason also?
Ans: No. we can not be the winner while =d;@:VuÁ‰z"#FC€F @uR ˆ-6
running with our shadow, because the
shadow of any thng is awalys attached to ojdYFj½« øUH)¢ FCOYFJ
it.Similary our shadow is also attached to
 THE HOPE-5 59 SCIENCE NOTES

our body.our shadow will stay with us as F j YF j n z"# ª}Ö Â @ U H ) m F C
fast as we want.
­Um
5- When a train is moving away from
.

Té

o

|



!


so
'
H<ê
ù 5
you, will the intensity of its sound
increase or decrease? 
%

y
7

‚!
Ans: If we move away from the train, the î4¾Z^Kz­¶]S4h"#^Kz­¶@N ˆ-6
distance from the rain will increase. In
the same way intensity of the sound will <Ãî4šd'4Ž"G^g"ø"­
decrease.
6- What is meant by transparent objects. %
Á
[


9Ý 6
Ans: The object throught which light can pass ^ ‰ 3 <= š— – ï» M" U ‘ 4 ’# ŒG C – ¦ ˆ-6
completely are called transparent, We
can see clearly across them. ]Uš4¼±ÌA"
7- 7
Ans: A piece of metal which has the ability to ^  ÌÍ  Ñ ï« š / – 5 ‰ M ­ šÈ# ª ˆ-6
attract some materials.
<=>Ò
8- How many types of magnet? k
¦-
/

ë 8
Ans: There are three types of magnet: ˆ=12$Ò ˆ-6
Temporary Magnet, Permanent Magnet,
Electromagnet Ò}„Ò|„Ò"Í
 THE HOPE-5 60 SCIENCE NOTES

The Hope

07     
Electricity and Magnetism
 

Solved Exercise
     
     
The flow of current in an electric circuit is BCDWr"Ó/—ÔC¹W‰J ÎÍ
.1 .1
controlled by: ˆ=hWrl
(A) Bulb (B) Copper wire kJ  
(C) Switch (D) Rubber   Õ1 

.2 Current can easily pass through: ]U‘Ö^‹F×ØW^‰¶ñò§¥” _ .2
(A) Steel paper clip (B) Glass strip Ü]  ÙÚÛ 
(C) Plastic comb (D) Wooden spoon ÞJKz  ÝJ ½ 

]=hr\ŽC ʥߧã
How many poles are there on a ring-shaped
.3 .3
magnet?
(A) 1 (B) 2 "#  ! 
(C) 3 (D) 4 %  $ 
A freely suspended bar magnet always stays
.4 ˆUká¢âã†Yà`#ŽG .4
along:
(A) East-west direction (B) North-south direction äEço  äåæÝ 
(C) Any direction (D) Keeps oscillating ÎÏKÌ"#€  ï«d; 
.5 Which one is a true statement? ]Ub#3
F3/ .5
 THE HOPE-5 61 SCIENCE NOTES

North pole attracts North pole repels r\e„r\e /r\e„r\e

(A) (B)  
north pole north pole <Uè#/ <UkW
South pole repels South pole attracts —F„r\—F r\—F„r\e
(C) (D)  
north pole south pole <UkW/r\ <Uè#/
Answer key
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
C A B B B

Short Questions

Why does a bulb light up in a closed

1) ]Uk¡": ‰J L 
circuit?
When circuit becomes closed or e¼¹W^‰J ]UkÌÅUkL\J
complete due to which current starts
Ans.
flowing through it, due to which the <Uk4¡" ^MUk4O"Ý DE
bulb is light up.
You are given a bulb. What other g =# 6 B C DW ¡" / O <U † Å#  ! / kG
2) components are required to light it 
up? <1eC3„=J#
We have given a bulb. Other  „=J#g¶“·#M"˜C BCDW¡"/
components are required to light up
Ans.
that: Bulb holder, Metal wire, Cell or <Õ1!"KéÅÄ kšÈ#„ù DE
battery and a switch.

Why does an iron nail stuck to a  : / ê  "# ; ê J UÝ  ë F C  ʥߧ
3) 
magnet attracts another nail? ]UìW

An iron nail stuck to a magnet attracts ^ g" O/ ê  "# ; ê J UÝ  ë F C  ʥߧ

^ g"  D ) ^  ʥߧ Cí ê î a U kW 
another nail because the first nail
Ans. DE
attaches itself to a powerful magnet and 
becomes a magnet itself. <Uk4u ʥߧ!#I

4)
How are directions known using a ]=š41X^ï^Oð ʥߧ 
magnetic compass?
Rotate the compass slowly until the ƒƒ 3ñ   Žo J ¾1 a ò Só ¹G ¹G / Oð
north pole of the needlw is aligned with
the north direction (N) of the compass. ‰ †K O < î4G ôF õ C               „„
&
Ans.   DE
In this condition, the magnetic compass <à Wm#3ñb#ö.ï"%·#Oð ʥߧ
will indicate correctlythe four directions
marked on it.
A ballon is charged by rubbing it O#M"]S ù÷CMO#M”‡ ·%!^ø‹"
5) with a woolen cloth.why does it stick 
to a wall when brought near it? ]Uk4þ:^
Ans. Rubbing a ballon with a wooden cloth O\Uk4G·%ûM”Dú^ø‹"/M” DE
 THE HOPE-5 62 SCIENCE NOTES

gives a negative charge to the ballon. ü #67  O# ] © S  ù÷ C O# / ” M4 ·%
When the charged ballon is brought will
stick to the wall due to the positive <­î4þ^O#M”^g"·%
charge on the wall.
Tick ( ) the correct answer.
The flow of current in an electric circuit is
1. Dk
l>
Šå
Ñ

«>
Šî

ï

ð>

ìF
í .1
controlled by:
(a)Rubber  (b) Switch Õ1 (c) Copper wire kJ (d) Bulb
L
2. Current can easily pass through: N 8 .2
D%
ñ
ò

 o
ð>


ùdó

Steel paper clip Glass strip
(a) (b) (c) (d)
ÙÚÛ Ü]
L w
3. How many poles are there on a ring shaped magnet? Dk
l
Š
]

ÆN ô›õNhö
r÷ .3
(a)1 ! (b) 2 "# (c) 3 $ (d) 4 %
4. A freely suspended bar magnet always stays along: %
6ø
ù
úû
[
>
ü
ýo .4
East-West direction North-South Any direction Keeps oscillating
(a) (b) (c) (d)
äåæÝ direction äEço ï«d; ÎÏKÌ"#€
5. Types of charge are: Dk
¦-

© .5
(a)2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
6. This is a kind of static electricity: D%
Š‹

þ
 .6
Magnetic field
(a)Battery Ké (b) Lighting ý‹ÁG (c) Electromagnetâãþû (d)
3
ã
7. Opposite charges ______ each other. <k
l>
<<<<<<

F
^
_©

.7
not effected
(a)attract  (b) repel ­# (c) hot 1N (d)
huŽ 
8. Electric current is the flow of: <%
ï
#
<<<<<<<
ð>
í .8
(a)Energy Rn (b) Light A" (c) Charge ·% (d) Atoms 
9. Similar charges ______ each other. <k
l>
<<<<<<

F
^
_©
J
^ .9
not effected
(a)attract  (b) repel ­# (c) hot 1N (d)
huŽ 
D%
6
E
©
 .10
10. Positive charge is present on:

(a)Electrons (Í (b) Protons (" (c) Neutrons ("í (d) Atoms 
 THE HOPE-5 63 SCIENCE NOTES

Short Questions

1- Describe the structure of atoms. <=>
F


 1

Ans: Atom consists of smallest particles. " ("„ ("Í '“ Y <U k á  '“ Ûß  ˆ-6
These particles are called electrons,
protons and neutrons. Protons has C ("Í<U k ·% ü " C ("<= h— ("í
positive charge. Electrons have negative 3w"<k u ·% ¾/  ("í " U k ·% û "
h#67#NC< ¥W3"Í"=h#67‰< ¥W
charge and neutrons has no charge.
Protons and neutrons are present in the
nucleus of atoms, while electrons present <=
around the nucleus.
2- How many types of charge are there? k
¦-
/

© 2
Ans: There are two types of charge: ˆ=12"#·% ˆ-6

·%ÇÉ Ê¥ß§»(ii)
(i) Positive Charge (ii) Negative Charge
·%Ž\(i)
3- Define electric current. <=>
?@

ð>
í 3
Ans: Flow of charge is known as an electric <Uk—¹WÎÍ—ÔJ·%•("Í ˆ-6
current.
4- Define closed circuit. k
°
±
ìF
C 4
Ans: On turning the switch ON, the circuit ^ g"  M U k4 Ì J  ^ DW(ON)3G Õ1 ˆ-6
becomes complete or closed circuit due
to which current starts flowing through <=>J *Ž^<Uk4O"Ýe¼¹W^‰O
it. It is called closed circuit.
5- What is meant by open circuit? <=>
?@

ìF
 5
Ans: On turning the switch OFF, the circuit U k4 Î e¼ ¹W ‰ J ^ DW(OFF) ïG Õ1 ˆ-6

becomes incomplete or open, so the
current stops flowing through the circuit. <=>J "ÅÌe^
It is called open circuit.
6- Define fuse. <=>
?@

‹ 6
Ans: Fuse is a piece of thin wire that is used ÎÍ B C  C ' G þû 6 U   Á J k !. Žb ˆ-6
as an electric circuit to protect electrical
appliances. <Uk4ŵ‰J
7- What is meant by magnet? %
Á
[

ë 7
Ans: A piece of metal which has the ability to ^  ÌÍ  Ñ ï« š / – 5 ‰ M ­ šÈ# ª ˆ-6
attract some materials.
<=>Ò
L w N hö
8- How many types of magnets? k
¦-
/

%›h 8
 §
º
Ans: There are three types of magnets: ˆ=12$<¥§ ˆ-6
Temporary Magnet, Permanent Magnet,
Electromagnet Ò}„Ò|„Ò"Í
 THE HOPE-5 64 SCIENCE NOTES

The Hope

08 Structure of the Earth


Solved Exercise

     
     

.1 The outer layer of the Earth is called: ˆ=>/ïx"Ì.CŽ^ž C‘F .1
(A) External core (B) Mentle  /‹"™ 
(C) Crust (D) Inner core /‹"  ¥W 
.2 What are the main types of the soil? ˆ=  .2
Clay, humus and
(A) Silt, sand and rock (B) a"„   "a„© 
sand
"„a
(C) Sand, silt and clay (D) Silt, humus and clay "„  

Which type of soil is good for growth of

.3 ]U ø3/BCpX"#\ .3
plants?
(A) Sand (B) Silt ©   
(C) Clay (D) Rock Ò*   
.4 What is the role of living organisms in the soil? ]Ut‡J'(=#"zPz#67‰ .4
 THE HOPE-5 65 SCIENCE NOTES

Making soil soft and #"1n/

(A) (B) Making soil hard =”#W3/  
airy =hE
Make soil unfit for uŽú$/
(C) (D) Making the airy dry =”#W›/  
cultivation ”#G
.5 The amount of fresh water on the Earth is: ˆU9‹ŒMŽkŽ .5
   ÷
(A) About 1% (B) About 30%      ÷ 

(C) About 70% (D) About 97%      ÷       ÷ 
Answer key
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
C C B A A

Short Questions

1) What is its importance in our life? ]U‰‡O‰ÃŽKj]=>‡/ï‹"™CŽ 

Ans. The outer shell of the Earth is called MUM"JŽ¥W<=>¥W/ï‹"™CŽ DE
cust. It is that part on the Earth on which
we live. This part contains lofty "ä „3„Å#„„z ."O<=@
mountains, deeps oceans, rivers, deserts, <=#.G~"˜‹
-#Ž
green fields, rural and urban dwellings.
2)
Which soil is useful to make pottery? ]=š'Z[‡O]U£BCDEû ø3/ 
What are its properties?
<U£BCDEû  DE
Clay is useful to make pottery.
Properties of Clay: DT0
1



Ans. 1 Clay particles are very small in
<=ÛßmA'“ C  
size.
2 It can hold more water. <UÌÍDW-n‹ŒM#Ŏ  Y 
3)
Which matter is obtained from ]UkG‰#6"M#QF3/^DC'(""#\ 
decayed plants and insects?
Ans. Human is the organic matter produced M#Q x" ^ D  C '( " "#\ #67 ‰ DE
by the decay of vegetables, plants and
dead animal matter. <UK"TABCp"X"#\Y<Uk—
What part of the earth’s sueface ]V!u:@‹ŒK]Uá"JŽ
4) consists of oceans? Why can we not 
drink sea water?
Ans. The 70% of the Earth surface is covered M#Ŏ A ‹Œ K<U á    ÷ J Ž DE
by water. More salted water in the
 THE HOPE-5 66 SCIENCE NOTES

oceans. Due to more salted water which <Uuú$C—^g"DÐ

is not drinkable.
Where is the water found in the form k4 Ō R R ‰ †K Š'`‹ ( "  ‡Q „OI ‹Œ  Ž
5) 
of solid, liquid and gas (vapours)? ]U
Ans. The water on the Earth si found in all the <Uk4Ō‰‰K#Š'`‹("‡Q„OI‹ŒŽ
states i.e., solid, liquid and gas.
1 The water on the Earth is found in " ïû KN  "z ‰ †K OI ‹Œ  Ž  DE
£ £ W
the forms of solid is glaciers in the <Uk4Ō‰'¾Žñò§¤¥
mountains and ice.
2 The water on the Earth is found in Ýe K " —Å# „" ‰ †K ‡Q ‹Œ  Ž 
the forms of liquid i.e., oceans, <Uk4Ō‰'¾
rivers, streams and lakes.
3 The water on the Earth is found in '¾'`(G"Ý#.‰†K(‹ŒŽ 
the forms of gas i.e., cloud and <Uk4Ō‰
water vapours.

SLO Base MCQs

Tick ( ) the correct answer.

1. The outer layer of the earth is called: Dk
°



ð;

܏

‡ˆ

.1
(a) External core /‹"™ (b) Mantle (c) Crust ¥W (d) Inner core /‹"
2. What are the main types of soil? Dk


 .2
Silt, sand and rock Clay, humus and Sand, silt and clay Silt, humus and
(a) (b) (c) (d)
"a„© sand a"„  "©„a clay "„©
3. Which types of soil is good for growth of plants? %
u



Ñ



 .3
(a)Sand a (b) Silt © (c) Clay  (d) Rock Ò*
4. What is the role of living organisms in the soil? %
>
[
#
TU


<=
>
E

 .4
Make soil unfit for
Making soil soft and cultivation Making soil the air
Making soil hard
(a) airy (b) (c) rlú$eBCŽ/ (d) dry
=hE3/
=hE#"1n/ =”#W›/
=hE
5. The amount of fresh water on earth is: %
/

܏
³


&6 .5
About 1% About 30% About 70% About 97%
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Ô$ ×Î$ %Î$ Ô%$
6. What is important in the natural manure? %
.
÷
Õ





.¿ .6
(a)Minerals '=Ð (b) The decayed matter (c) Sand a (d) Salts '&
 THE HOPE-5 67 SCIENCE NOTES

q8
In terms of structure what is the inner most
7. k
°
[





Ö

܏

‡ˆ

.7
part of the earth core called?
External Internal
(a) /‹"™ (b) /‹" (c) Mantle (d) Crust ¥W
core core
8. The diameter of the earth is approximately: D%
Ø

7C
#
܏ .8
(a)12800 km (b) 12900 km (c) 12700 km (d) 12600 km
9. The distance of earth from sun is approximately: D%
ØÙ
ÑÒ

¹
#
܏ .9
160 million km 150 million km 140 million km 170 million km
(a) (b) (c) (d)
ĝz"WÔ' ĝz"WÔ
ĝz"WÔ٠ĝz"WÔ%
10. Part of the earth where we live: Dk

÷

K
þ
&
#
܏ .10
External
(a)Crust ¥W (b) Core / (c) Mantle (d)
core /‹"™

11. In terms of volume, largest part of the earth: %


þ
’

Ö
#
܏

‡ˆ

 .11
External
(a)Crust ¥W (b) Core / (c) Mantle (d) /‹"™
core
12. The volume of internal core of earth is: D%
#



܏


#
܏ .12
(a)15% (b) 16% (c) 17% (d) 18%
Weight of the internal core of the earth is
13. %
#



܏


#
܏ .13
______ of the total weight of the earth.
(a)30% (b) 16% (c) 33% (d) 34%
14. What percentage of the earth is water? %
ø


þ

]
#
܏ .14
(a)70% (b) 80% (c) 75% (d) 72%

Short Questions

1- Describe the characteristics of soil. <=>
F
T01

 1

Ans: ❁ The top layer of soil contains <Uk4Ō‰9³"‰W¾ . ❁ ˆ-6
sufficient amount of humus.
❁ It is grey in colour. <Uk(Grey)NãJ ❁
❁ Below it is a layer of subsoil which M#Ŏ 9    ‰ M U  &Ž ð C  ❁
contain clay.
<Uš
❁ Its colour is brown or reddish.
❁ The lowest layer consists of gravel. <UkûQ( ÅT)´ãJWO ❁
 THE HOPE-5 68 SCIENCE NOTES

<=h4îŒMR"*‰W+^ ❁
2- What is meant by solar system? %
Á
[


¹ 2
Ans: Eight planets, including the earth revolve ‰ "® 9:   #N C ·1 Ê ÇG , Ž ˆ-6
around the sun in specific orbits. The sun
and the system of these eight planets is k—- S1- J"ÊÇG 3 " ·1<= hWö#N
called the solar system. <U
3- Describe the structure of earth. <=>
F


܏ 3
Ans: According to geologists, the parts of an .Q  • d ‘F  Ž /I C '› ÌQ ˆ-6
egg resembles exactly the inner surface
of the earth. The kind of the egg is like    Ʉ(Crust) ¥W C Ž ï J •<U
crust, white part is the mantle and yolk is <U1fC(Core)/ïK0ÖK#Ž"(Mantle)
like core of the earth.
 THE HOPE-5 69 SCIENCE NOTES

The Hope

09 Space and Satellites  

Solved Exercise

     
     

Countless shinning lights seen at night on the
.1 ˆ2"3oØŽ"DGÀ3ÁG .1
sky are:
(A) Stars (B) Moons =h%  =hD 
Different heavenly 1d45
(C) Planets (D)  =hÊ 
bodies =h

How long does it take for a geo-stationary ̉:;Ž5!#NCŽ67§¥©

 K89
.2 .2
satellite to complete one orbit? ]UkW
(A) One day (B) One week =!  3#< ! 
(C) One month (D) One year rF!  >! 
.3 First man to step on the Moon? ]?3/3&î "°1²% .3
(A) Edwin Aldrin (B) Neil Armstrong ãAGB  3@3"ú 
(C) Yuri Gagrin (D) Alan Shapard *CD  º §KO 
 THE HOPE-5 70 SCIENCE NOTES

The system locates the position of an object 3/BCDW1XOœ"Eb#J1Fd;Ž

.4 .4
on the Earht surface is: ]UkW1J-F
(A) GRS (B) GMS GMS  GRS 
(C) GPS (D) PGS PGS  GPS 

]†G½67§¥©
The first artificial satellite was sent into space
.5  HI .5
in:
(A) 1945 (B) 1957 1957  1945 
(C) 1969 (D) 1973 1973  1969 
Answer key
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
D A B C B

Short Questions

Write five benefits which we get from †"m  J7§¥©

  HI @ 6  :ã § ±Œ ^ ¾/
1) 
artificial satellites. <=hWKK
Ans. 1 Radio, television transmission and "'ÅL3M"N„Oú’“CJ7§¥©HI  DE
information by internet reach in
each part of the world because of <UQ‰ïÌC=#'QXOP
artificial satellites. 3ãN'QFŽ#"#@†"mJ7§¥©
 HI 
2 We can make contact at far off
places by telephone. <=hWR^
3 We can correctly located our CJ7§¥©
 HI‰ïd;C=#@ 
position at any where in the world.
4 We can know about changes in <Uš4m#3ñb#1FO’“
weather musch earlier. ¹"ŽS'TU7’“CJ7§¥©  HI 
5 Artificial satellite helps us to deal
with floods, storms, forest fires <Uš4m­G
and other disasters effectively. †"m'QX¹"ŽS’“CJ7§¥©
 HI
—r^'ZGÁ=#"1GV„PZ±„;W
<Uk4
Moon is the natural satellite of the
Earth. Is the Earth also satellite of J1d4";dŽ‡<U67§¥©  š²JŽ%
2) 
some bigger object? What is that ]U1e‡JO]U67§¥© 
object?
Ans. The moon is the natural satellite of the J1d4";dŽ<U67§¥©
 š²Šk‹JŽ% DE
Earth. There is no satellite of any
celestial (heavenly) body on the Earth. <Uu#6767§¥© 
 THE HOPE-5 71 SCIENCE NOTES

3)
Why does a geo-stationary satellite ]=hGÀ:ÞF‰J7§¥©
 K89 
appear to be stationary?
Ans. Geo-stationary satellites complete their Ì ‰ X 5 ! #NC Ž J7§¥©   K8 9 DE
orbit around in 24 hours. Since the 
Earth also complete its orbot around the 5!‰Z#NC ñ Y l dŽ@<= hW
axis in 24 hours. So, Geo-stationary ÞF^ž CŽJ7§¥©
 K89BO<UšWÌ
satellites appear stationary in terms of
the Earth. =hGÀ

Why do the astronatus wear space :Z ‡ C O ]U K"T :O[ ¾ B C "Ž. 
4) 
dress? What are its benefits? ]=
Ans. Without space clothing, the human ‘MuMŽM#Ŏ^ü’‰o‹&éCO[¾ DE
body cannot survive in space for more
then a few minutes. Just as a liquid ½« ø U k4 O"Ý ‹   Œ  \  ¶  ‡Q a ›
begins to boil at a relatively low C M U ‘  O"Ý ‹   ¶  d ‹Œ  C o ‹&
temperature at low pressure. So, water
inside a human body begin to boil at a <UcQ"'7ã‰]^
low temperature. Death can happen
immediately.
Benefits: ˆ:ã
Astronauts wear special clothing called
_ 
ù9ÓBC`^'U§î_Ê,Ì.‰#P
space clothing to deal with hazards as
they ventyre out into space.
<Uk4RO[¾5=aO[†‡ b*J
Why can a telescope installed on a : &"b ~" M#Ŏ c  Ž „k‡ N d  67§¥©

5) satellite take clearer photographs 
than from the Earht surface? ]Ux
Ans. In cities, buildings, streets and houses <= š 2" ø A ‰ e " "P „]f ‰ "~ DE
have a lot of light, that is why it is
difficult to take clear photgraphs from a gUhi&"b~"^k‡NdŽ^g"M
telescope mounted on the ground. Due ~" M#Ŏ c  Ž „k‡ N d  67§¥© a U g"
to satellite telescope takes more clear
photographs than the ground. <Ux&"b

SLO Base MCQs

Tick ( ) the correct answer.

1. Countless shining lights seen at night on the sky are: D 


a
ª
«o
p

o .1
Different heavenly
Stars Moon Planets
(a) (b) (c) (d) bodies
=hD =h% =hÊ
=h1d45
 THE HOPE-5 72 SCIENCE NOTES

L
%
6>


½
/

^
'

܏
Kh›
How long does it take for a geo-stationary
2. N
H .2
satellite to complete an orbit?
One
(a)One day 3#! (b) month MQ! (c) One week =! (d) One year rF!

3. First man to step on the moon: !

¡
"
#
$
¦¿

© .3

Edwin Aldrin Neil Armstrong Yuri Gagarin Alan Shepherd
º §KO
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3@3"ú ãAGB *CD
The system locates the position of an object
4. %
6>
¦#



Ñ

%!
&'
(
#
¦)
8

܏ .4
on the earth surface is:
(a)GRS (b) GMS (c) GPS (d) GSP
L
5. First artificial satellite was sent into space in: Z
*
ä
Kh›
N
+,
"

Ï .5
(a)1945 (b) 1957 (c) 1969 (d) 1973
6. The space age began in: D
-o
#
.
­Ï .6
(a)1956 (b) 1957 (c) 1958 (d) 1959
7. The man first stepped on moon: D


©
¦¿
"
«
¡ .7
(a)1969 (b) 1968 (c) 1970 (d) 1972
8. The space station sky-lab was went in space: DZ
*

Ï
/
­0
1
­Ï .8
(a)1972 (b) 1971 (c) 1973 (d) 1974
How much height the international space
9. %
†2

H3
/
'

܏
1
­Ï
ß'#
¤ .9
station move around the earth?
(a)300 km (b) 400 km (c) 500 km (d) 600 km

Short Questions

1- Write five benefits which we get from
|}
¨©

4KhL › N
+,
÷
E
W
bc
y
Ç

­ 1

artificial satellites.
<k
l>
Ans: Radio, television transmission and  OP " 'ÅL 3M" N„ Oú ’“ C J7§¥©   HI ˆ-6
information by internet reach in each
part of the world because of artificial <UQ‰ïÌC=#'QX
satellites.
2- What is universe? %
[
T5# 2
Ans: Celestial bodies are a part of the vast 5 =  J j" #"k  ¾ l #N# C Ž 1d 4 ˆ-6
space around us which collectively
known as the universe. <Uk4R'ÑJ±Hm
 THE HOPE-5 73 SCIENCE NOTES

3- When did space exploration begin? 
ä
-o
#
.
­Ï 3

Ans: The space age began on October 4, 1957 Žq ¾ D O"\ ‰r1957ûp 4ŽnG J o ¾ ˆ-6
when Soviet Union launched Sputnik-I  ë
in the orbit of the earth. <G ‰  ®# NC  ŽI! ƒ §¥§
L
4- What is satellite? %
[
KhN› 4
Ans: An object moving around a very big sONo4A^ 6Uo4Á!67§¥©  ˆ-6
heavenly body due to its gravity is called
a satellite. The moon revolves around the tE #N C Ž %  U tE #N C O t. C  Å
earth. It is a natural satellite of the earth. <U67§¥©  š²JŽYt<U
5- Define Global Positioning System. <=>
?@


6
Ž 5
Ans: Global Positioning System is a process Oœ" E b# J 1F d ;  ± u - vŽ\ úA ˆ-6
to know the location at a place
commonly it is known as GPS. It is U k4R(GPS) w ! R  ± 1 5 U 1e J DW xÅ#
established by twenty-four satellites at Ž  K  ĝ 400 J7§¥©  24 B C DW l$ ^
height of 400 km orbiting the earth in six
sets of orbits. <=hµ5‰"®2#NC
 THE HOPE-5 74 SCIENCE NOTES

The Hope

10 Technology in Everyday Life
 

Solved Exercise

     
     

We check the horizontal surface level by
.1 ˆ=hWrl@BCDW1XràJ4y; .1
using a:
(A) Plumb line (B) Meter rule r" Ä  | zl 
(C) Spirit level (D) Triangle `{  ràäÚ 

.2
What does a mason use to keep a wall ˆ=hWrlBC°ȯ#´/O#| .2
vertical?
(A) Meter rule (B) Spirit level ràäÚ  r" Ä 
(C) Triangle (D) Plumb line | zl  `{ 
.3 Salin water is used for: ˆUkrlí" W .3

Drinking by C—C}Ö
(A) Cleaning wounds (B)  BCD°#½Ž 
patients B
(C) Washing hands (D) Taking a bath BCD~  BCD°#Ó 
.4 Sterilized gauze is used: ˆUš4rl¼#Ž4Ό^œ .4
 THE HOPE-5 75 SCIENCE NOTES

For checking blood As bandage on DW¼@Ö½Ž CDW¶€

(A) (B)  
pressure wound BC B
For finding the body For cleaning DWï81J DW1XŒ‹—
(C) (D)  
temperature workplace BC BC
.5 The emergency phone call number is: ˆUY‚ ƒJ „ÇÉ ÊÉ  .5
(A) 2211 (B) 1133 1133  2211 
(C) 1122 (D) 0911 0911  1122 
Answer key
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
C D A B C

Short Questions

What do you need to make a model of J# 3QF ‡  kG B CDE r*Q Jã x"D¼ rß
1) 
footbridge? ]­
ë
Ans. Skewers, Ice cream sticks, paper, ÅKz„†A„K"*„kJ„<§ Ž"ÞW‡G„ˆÛ7 DE
thread, glue, a skewer is a long thin
pointed piece of wood or metal. <‰ŠF!.!J'È#
What is difference between the
2) functions of spirit level and plumb ]U²³‡‰7JC | zl"ràäÚ 
line?
Ans. Spirit level Plumb line | zl ràäÚ DE
Spieir level are A mason use
used by plumbing lines to °ȯ#´/O#| "‹=#"|„Œ
carpenters, keep the wall #´Ž/r\"BC CDWrà/4y1Ý
masons, frame upright and to
makers, keep the J | zlBCDz­ rlJràäÚB
electricians, flagpoles <=hWrl <=hW
plumbers and vertically on the
some other ground.
professional
workers.
3) What is an LED? ]Uš‡K*<K<¶ 
Ans. LEDs are the tiny light emitting bulbs. <=h ÛßÛßx"DW·ÓA"b*<K<¶ DE
When a small voltage of 2 to 3 volts is
applied across on LED, it starts <=šW·Ó2"y5b*<K<¶ù5
glowing. Lights of different colours are
emitted by different LED.
 THE HOPE-5 76 SCIENCE NOTES

You have to install a picture frame on "  ± y / O „U eW d Þ³ ¤ §» ! D kG  O#
4) the wall. How can it be kept straight 
horizontally as well as vertically? ]©Žȯ^±K#´
¤§»
Ans. We have to install a picture frame on C °ȯ  ± K#´ "  ± y / Þ³   !  O# DE
the wall. We used to plumb line, it can
be kept straight horizontally as well as <© WrlJ | zl"ràäÚB
vertically.
5) What is meant by first aid? ]U#Ö‡^ú¥³ 
Ans. First aid is a temperory care given to a Kãqx"D%"#^#KÅà„»“; ú¥³ DE
person who has got sudden illness or
injury. <Uk—ú¥³Å#®¾‘eW#®

SLO Base MCQs

Tick ( ) the correct answer.

1. We check the horizontal surface level by using a: Dk
l>
Šå
Ñ

«>
¦8
Š¸
#
˜
7
8 .1
(a) Metre rule r" Ä (b) Triangle `{ (c) Spirit level ràäÚ (d) Plumb line | zl
2. Saline water is used for: D%6
Šå

€
9: .2
Cleaning Drinking Washing Taking a
(a) (b) (c) (d)
wounds by plants hands bath
3. What does a mason use to keep a wall vertical? Dk
l>
Šå
Ñ

$
<=
>?

§
@ E;

| zl
Metre Spirit Plumb
(a)
rule r"Ä (b) level ràäÚ (c) Triangle `{ (d) line

4. Sterilized gauze is used: D%
.!

Šå
C

ª!


AB .4

For As For finding
For
checking bandage the body
(a) (b) (c) (d) cleaning
blood on tempe-
workplace
pressure wound rature
5. The rescue emergency phone call number: D%
à
D
9#
E
#
#F
³´NôÇÙNG .5
(a) 2211 (b) 1133 (c) 1122 (d) 0911
6. Making technical model is a : <%
<<<<<<<<<
^
`'
ŠCv
H .6
Useless Useful Redundant A waste
(a) 1JJØ (b) work '’£ (c) work 1J‰Z (d) of time ‡N¹"
work
Spirit level is used to check the level of ____
7. <%
.
Šå
Ñ

«>
Š¸

˜
<<<<<<
8
Š¸
RI .7
surface.
(a) Inclined 3“* (b) Crooked ”­ (c) Vertical K#´ (d) Horizontal y
8. Mason use to keep a wall vertical straight: <%
6>
Šå
<<<<<
Ñ

$
J=

§
8
@ .8
 THE HOPE-5 77 SCIENCE NOTES

(a) Ruler `• (b) Spirit level ràäÚ (c) Plumb line | zl (d) Triangle `{
9. Edhi emergency phone call number is: D%
D
#
9#
E
#F
JK .9
(a) 15 (b) 16 (c) 17 (d) 18
10. Fire brigade emergency phone call number is: D%
D
#
9#
E
#F
LM
}Ò .10
(a) 16 (b) 1221 (c) 1122 (d) 151

Short Questions

1- Define plumb line. i RNM ¸

<=>
?@

9#
Æ 1
Ans: A mason uses a plumb line to check the 3"#C–O#|5 s‹Ž"#ÎP!ÈL^K"* ˆ-6
wall is vertical or not. A plumb bob is a
weight with a pointed tip at the bottom <Uk— | zl=hWrl
one end of a string is tie to it. This is
used as a vertical reference line usually
called as plumb line.
2- What is LED? %
[LED 2
Ans: LEDs are the tiny light emitting bulbs. <=h ÛßÛßx"DW·ÓA"b*<K<¶ ˆ-6
3- What is the purpose of first aid? %
O
[
#
~
PY 3
Ans: The purpose of first aid is to protect the er34"eW@³^3o\)/}Ö—Jú¥³ ˆ-6
patient from further loss and save his
life. This is the name of a temporary Kã ‰ _. ú ¥³<U 1e J #®  } ! Y <U k
medical aid. The first aid box contains <=š–K"T·˜
the necessary items for immediate
treatment.
*****