ARCH 502-1 BUILDING MATERIALS - 05 Woods and Plastics

Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8j0g5n

Classification of wood coming from the conifers (evergreens)
Softwood
which have needles instead of leaves.
Classification of wood coming from the broad-leaved or deciduous
Hardwood
trees.
The softer, younger outer portion of a tree that lies between the
Sapwood
cambium (formative layer just under the bark) and the heartwood.
Heartwood The older, harder central portion of a tree.
Property of wood measured by the compression which a piece of
Hardness
timber undergoes when a weight is applied to it.
Property of wood pertaining to the amount of piece that will bend
Flexibility
before breaking.
Decay Wood defect caused by the attack of fungi.
Wood defect pertaining to the cracks or lengthwise separation
Checks across the annual rings of growth caused by irregular shrinkage
during drying.
Wood defect pertaining to the cracks between and parallel to the
Shakes
annual rings of the growth.
These are irregular growths in the body of a tree which interrupt
Knots
the smooth curve of the grain.
Wood defect pertaining to the well-defined openings between
Pitchpockets
annual rings containing solid or liquid pitch.
Wane This is the lack of wood on the edge or corner of a piece.
Wood defect pertaining to any variation with the plane surface of
Warping
the piece caused by unequal shrinkage of the board.
A form of wood warp pertaining to the distortion of the board in
Crook
which the edge is convex or concave longitudinal.
A form of wood warp pertaining to the distortion of the board in
Bow
which the face is convex or concave longitudinal.
A form of wood warp pertaining to the distortion of the board in
Cup
which the face is convex or concave across the board.
A form of wood warp pertaining to the distortion of the board in
Twist
which one corner is raised.
Method of wood sawing referring to a lumber cut tangent to the
annual rings or growth or, in commercial practice, cut with annual
Plainsawing
rings at an angle 0 degrees to 45 degrees. Preferred when a
pleasing pattern is required, as in wall paneling.
Method of wood sawing referring to a wood cut radially to the an-
nual rings of growth parallel to the rays or, in commercial practice,
Quartersawing
cut with the annual growth rings at an angle 45 degrees to 90
degrees. Preferred where joints must be kept tight.
Lumber Wood that is used in construction.
Strip Lumber Lumber less than 2" thick and less than 8" wide.
Board Lumber Lumber pieces less than 2" thick and at least 8" wide.
Dimension Lumber Lumber pieces more than 2" and less than 5" in any dimension.
Timber Lumber pieces 5" or more on the smallest dimension.
Nominal Size The size of lumber when it is cut from the log.
Lumber measure described as the measure of a piece of wood 1"
Board Foot
thick, 12" (or 1') wide and 12" (or 1') long.
Reached when all free water is removed but all absorbed water re-
Fiber-Saturation Point
mains. Approximately 30% moisture content (M.C.) for all species.

1/5
 ARCH 502-1 BUILDING MATERIALS - 05 Woods and Plastics
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8j0g5n
The condition of dryness of the wood equivalent to 12 to 16
Equilibrium Moisture Content
percent moisture content in the Philippines.
The process of removing moisture from green wood (wood from
Seasoning
freshly-cut logs).
Air-Drying Seasoning of lumber where lumber is exposed to the air.
Seasoning of lumber in which warm moist air or superheated
Kiln-Drying
steam is used to heat the wood and drive out moisture.
Decay Deterioration of lumber caused by fungi.
Lumber deterioration-causing insects that live in the ground and
Subterranean Termite build earthen tubes to reach their food - cellulose which includes
wood primarily but also paper and pulp products.
Lumber deterioration-causing insects whereby the only relatively
Non-Subterranean termites permanent method of arresting attack is to use lumber that has
been given full length termite proofing with wood preservatives.
Use wood for shelter rather than for food, but if they are not found
Carpenter Ants and Powder-Pest Beetles and are left undisturbed they can do extensive damage. They
convert wood to powder, shredded fibers or pellets.
Black or brownish oil made from distilling coal tar used as a wood
Coal-Tar Creosote
preservative.
A mixture of coal-tar or petroleum oils and 50 to 80% by volume
Creosotes Solution
of coal-tar creosotes used as a wood preservative.
A wood preservative dissolved in oil, leaving a clean brown-col-
ored surface. It was used extensively for lumber and posts when
Pentachlorophenol
introduced in the 1930s, but now is specified almost exclusively
for the treatment of utility poles and cross arms.
A water-borne wood preservative that gives protection against de-
Chromated Zinc Chloride (CZC) cay, insects and fire, can be painted on, and has no objectionable
odor.
A water-borne wood preservative dissolved in water for pressure
Ammoniacal Copper Arsenate (ACA)
treating, producing a product that is clean and odorless.
A water-borne wood preservative used in railway ties, mine tim-
Creosote
bers, poles, foundation piles, marine piles and bulkheads.
A water-borne wood preservative used in utility poles, cross arms,
Pentachlorophenol
bridge timbers and ties.
A water-borne wood preservative used in piles, utility poles, ma-
Ammoniacal Copper Arsenate (ACA)
rine timbers, construction lumber.
A water-borne wood preservative used in guide rail posts, utility
poles, bridge timbers, piles, structural glued-laminated timbers,
Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA)
landscape timbers, posts, boardwalks, permanent wood founda-
tions and residential construction, decking and fencing.
Lumber preservation method done by placing the wood in cylin-
Pressure Treatment
ders into which the preservative is pumped under pressure.
Lumber preservation method done by first in placing the wood in
a bath of hot preservative for an hour or more. It is then withdrawn
Hot and Cold Bath Method
and quickly placed in a bath of cold preservative. This is generally
used for creosote preservative.
Wood treatment method where superficial coatings or layers pro-
Covering the Wood with a Compound or Material tective materials retard the normal increases in temperature under
fire conditions and thereby decrease the rate of flame spread.
Wood treatment method used where wood itself does not support
combustion. The chemicals commonly used for impregnation are
Impregnating the Wood with a Chemical
monobasic ammonium phosphate, dibasic ammonium phosphate,
ammonium sulfate, borax, boric acid and zinc chloride.
Wolmanized Lumber and Plywood Pressure treating lumber and plywood using Wolman salts.
2/5
ARCH 502-1 BUILDING MATERIALS - 05 Woods and Plastics
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8j0g5n
Pressure treating lumber and plywood using Tanalith G Wood
Tanalized Lumber and Plywood
Preservative salts.
Permanized Lumber and Plywood Pressure treating lumber and plywood using B-S-25.
Products made from a mixture of wood and other materials. Mostly
Wood Composites
produced in large sheets, usually 1220mm (4') x 2440mm (8').
Most common wood composite. It gets its name from its construc-
Plywood tion: it is made of several thin plies, or veneers, of wood that have
been glued together.
A wood composite paneling material made by reducing and re-
fining wood chips into small, threadlike fibers, and then pressing
Hardboard
them under heat in hydraulic pressure into dense, smooth, and
very rigid panels.
Another name for hardboard derived after the man who invented
Masonite
it.
Light brown in color and has a fairly hard, smooth surface on one
side and a screened impression on the other. It is flexible and easy
Standard Hardboard
to bend. It is suitable for interior use only and where it is not subject
to moisture.
Denser than the standard hardboard but not as dense as tem-
Panel Hardboard
pered hardboard.
Densest type of hardboard, made by impregnating standard board
with tempering compound of oils and resins and baking it to
Tempered Hardboard polymerize the tempering materials. It is dark brown in color, brittle
and stiff, with improved machining qualities and greater resistance
to moisture and water penetration, making it ideal for exterior use.
Lawanit Brand name for standard and tempered hardboards.
Lawanex Brand name for panel hardboards.
A wood composite made by bonding together wood particles with
an adhesive under heat and pressure to form a rigid board with a
Chipboard
relatively smooth surface, often faced with veneer. It is made by
binding phenolic resin or urea formaldehyde glue.
A wood composite finishing material made from vegetable fibers
Fiberboard
such as corn or sugarcane stalks pressed into sheets.
A wood composite manufactured from wood, straw, bagasse pulp
Acoustic Fiberboard
pressed into boards with or without holes or slots.
Celotex Brand name for fiberboards.
A type of fiberboard which is made from wood fibers glued under
heat and pressure. It is dense, flat, stiff, has no knots and is
Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF)
easily machined. Its fine particles provide a material without a
recognizable "grain".
This is a non-combustible building board with a gypsumcore en-
closed in tough, smooth paper. It is designed to be used without
Gypsum Board
addition of plaster for walls, ceilings or partitions. It is extensively
used in "dry-wall" construction, where plaster is eliminated.
Gypsum board used for coverstrip jointing; visible butt - jointed
Square Edge (SE) Gypsum Board
panelling with clamp fixing and free suspension.
Gypsum board used for smooth seamless jointing; jointless wall
Tapered Edge (TE) Gypsum Board
and ceiling panelling.
Gypsum board used for surface layer on interior walls and ceilings.
Wall Board Comes with grey liner paper backing and special paper finish on
the facing and edges suitable for decoration.
Gypsum board used as base layer in multi-ply construction, where
Backing Board several layers of gypsum boards are desired for high fire resis-
tance, sound control and strength in walls.
3/5
ARCH 502-1 BUILDING MATERIALS - 05 Woods and Plastics
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8j0g5n
Gypsum board used as a base in a multi-ply construction of
self-supporting (studless) gypsum walls. It comes in 1" (25mm)
Core Board
thickness or 2- factory-laminated, ½ " thick layers of backing
board.
For use in fire-rated assemblies, wallboard, backing board, or
Type X Gypsum Board coreboard made more fire-resistant by addition of glass-fiber or
other reinforcing materials.
Comes with water-resistant gypsum core and water-repellant face
Water-Resistant Backing Gypsum Board paper. May be used as base for walls of bathrooms, showers, and
other areas exposed to wetting.
Used as fire protection and bracing of exterior frame walls. It must
Gypsum Sheathing
be protected from the weather by an exterior facing.
Used as a permanent form in the casting of gypsum concrete roof
Gypsum Formboard
decks.
Fiber-reinforced cement board comprising of 72% Portland Ce-
Fibercement Board ment, 20% mineralized cellulose fibers derived from recycled ma-
terials, and 8% calcium carbonate.
Wood composite made of small wood chips and base materials
Particleboard including cotton stalk, rice straw, bagasse, conventional wood
chips and sawdust that have been pressed and glued together.
Consists of finished lumber which is further cut and processed at
Millwork a lumber mill. Includes doors, windows, mouldings, trim and other
ornamental forms of wood.
Used to describe a product of synthetic origin which is capable of
Plastic being shaped at some stage of its manufacture, but is not rubber,
wood, leather or metal.
Synthetic resin plastic that softens when heated and hardens
when cooled regardless of the number of times the process is
Thermoplastic
repeated. They have a molecular structure which is essentially
linear or threadlike in form.
Sometimes called thermocuring plastics, set into shape perma-
nently when heat and pressure are applied during the form-
Thermosetting Plastic
ing stage. They have a molecular structure in a 3-dimensional
arrangement.
This material combines the transparency of glass (but not
scratch-proof quality) with plastics' shatterproof quality. Used prin-
Acrylic cipally for skylights, skydomes, safety glass, paints, adhesives,
finish hardware, & lighting fixtures. Popular brands include Lucite
and Plexiglass.
Primarily cellulose acetate or butyrate, used principally for paints
Cellulosics
and lacquers, and transparent sheeting.
A hard, strong, tough and rigid thermoplastic for household and
Ziegler Polyethyline (PE)
industrial applications.
Developed by Imperial Chemical Industries of Britain is a
high-pressure, low-density PE that is flexible, tough and slightly
ICI Polyethyline (PE)
resilient thermoplastic used in construction as pond or lagoon
lining, and watervapor barriers and dampproofing.
One of most important thermoplastics because of its excellent
transparency and rigidity and its easy moldability. It is non-water
absorbent, it is found in colorful, but brittle wall tiles. It is one of
Polystyrene
several plastics used in lighting fixture diffusers. In foam form, it
has become an important thermal insulator. Also found in paint for
concrete.

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

4/5
ARCH 502-1 BUILDING MATERIALS - 05 Woods and Plastics
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8j0g5n
A largely amorphous, rigid, tough, solvent-resistant, flame-resis-
tant thermoplastic. Used for resilient floor tile, films, pipes, and for
paint lacquers, adhesives and safety glass.
A family of linear polyesters, is a white, substantially amorphous,
very tough and strong material with good heat resistance up to 150
Polycarbonates Deg C and excellent dimensional stability. It is injection-molded to
produce plates, rods, gears, and other shaped parts that advan-
tageously replace die-cast metal parts. Used for skylights.
Polypropylene Tough plastic with good resistance to heat and chemical action.
Refers to a family of polymers called linear polyamides. It is
desired for the following properties: exceptionally strong, elastic,
Nylon abrasion resistant, easy to wash, resistant to damage from oil
and many chemicals, can be precolored or dyed in wide range of
colors, and resilient.
A class of paraffinic polymers that have some or all of the hydrogen
Fluoroplastics replaced by fluorine. The most desired characteristic of this group
of plastics is their ability to resist abrasion.
A styrenic resin with improved toughness and heat resistance. Ap-
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) plications include panels for large appliances and thermoformed
items such as hot tubs and recreational vehicle parts.
Melamine Well known for its use in molded dishes.
Urea Useful for incandescent light diffusion and for baked enamels.
Used in buildings for its remarkable adhesive qualities. It may also
Epoxy be used for special paints that are chemically resistant and for
special caulking compounds.
Appear chiefly as molded electrical parts, and as the vehicle in
Alkyds
paints, lacquers, and enamels.
Used for paints, baked enamels, adhesives, impregnating resins
Phenolics
for paper and wood, and finish hardware.
The plastic most commonly used in large glass-fiber reinforced
translucent panels that are strong, rigid, and impact-resistant. Also
Polyester
used for impregnating paper and wood, as laminating material,
and for contact adhesive.
Urethanes Used in paint coatings, and as foams, are self-adhesive.
Used for clear, waterrepellant paints for concrete and masonry
Silicones
surfaces above grade.
Usually made of acrylate, polyester, or polystyrene plastics, either
Plastic Sheet plain or reinforced with glass-fiber, are available in flat or corru-
gated sheets and various deformed shapes.
Used as water barrier or dampproofing material, it is generally
made of polyethylene and polyvinyl and come in thicknesses
Film Sheet
ranging from 1 to 10 mils (0.001 to 0.01 inch) and in rolls of 50'
length and 3' to 40' width.
Used as flotation material, thermal insulators, and shock-resistant
Foam mountings. Offers possibilities for lightweight materials of high
strength.
The process applied to paper or fabric impregnated with ther-
Lamination
mosetting resins.

5/5