Intermediate Grammar

Project
University of California, Irvine
By Novobranets Oleksandra
Here are all the
topics I studied
on this course:
• Past Simple Tense
• Present Continuous tense
• Present Perfect Tense
• Past Perfect Tense
• Present Perfect Progressive
• Count
• Noncount
• Definite article
• Indefinite article
• Quantifiers
• Comparatives
• Superlatives
• Adjectives
Past Simple Tense

Rule: I+He, She, We, You, It+ed

Used to express completed actions in the past.
For example:
• We went to Spain for our holidays.
• We swam a lot while we were on holiday.
• She played a lot of tennis when she was
younger.
Present Continuous
Tense
Rule: Formed with I+am/HE, She, It +is/We, You +are+
present participle (-ing form).
The present continuous tense is used to describe actions
that are happening at the moment of speaking or actions
that are in progress around the present time.
For example:
• I'm working in London for the next two weeks.
• hese days most people are using email instead of
writing letters.
• The climate is changing rapidly.
Present Perfect Tense
Rule: Formed with "have/has" + past participle.
The present perfect tense is used to express an action
that started in the past and has a connection to the
present. It emphasizes the result or completion of the
action rather than the specific time it occurred.
For example:
• She has lived in Liverpool all her life.
• He has written three books and he is working on
another one.
• My last birthday was the worst day I have ever had.
Past Perfect Tense
Rule: Formed with "had" + past participle.
The past perfect tense is used to express an action
that was completed before another action in the
past. It helps establish a clear sequence of events in
the past.
• For example:
• I had been working there for a year.
• She had been living in Liverpool all her life.
• He had written three books and he was working
on another one.
Present Perfect
Progressive Tense
Rule: Formed with "have/has been" + present participle (-
ing form).
The present perfect progressive tense is used to express
an ongoing action that started in the past and is still
continuing into the present. It emphasizes both the
duration and the relevance of the action.
For example:
• They had been painting the bedroom.
• It had been raining for hours.
• He had written three books and he was working on
another one.
Count
Rule: Count nouns refer to individual, distinct entities
that can be counted as separate units
These nouns can be counted as one, two, three, and
so on. They have both singular and plural forms.
For example:
• Book>books
• Man>men
• Foot>feet
Definite article
Rule:"The" is the definite article and is used before a
specific noun that is known to the reader or listener.
It points to a particular thing or person, making it
clear which one is being referred to.
For example:
• The moon is very bright tonight.
• The kangaroo is found only in Australia.
• You should tell the police.
Indefinite article
Rule: "A" is used before words that begin with a
consonant sound."An" is used before words that begin
with a vowel sound.
Indefinite articles introduce a non-specific item or
concept. They don't refer to a particular thing;
instead, they refer to any one of a class of items.
For example:
• Police are searching for a 14-year-old girl.
• She is a pupil at London Road School.
• I saw a good film yesterday.
Quantifiers
Rule:Quantifiers are words used to express the
quantity or amount of something. They can be used
with both count and noncount nouns.Quantifiers help
provide more information about the number or
amount of a particular thing or concept.
For example:
• I have a few friends.
• It needs a little more work.
• We have very little time.
Comparatives
Rule: Comparatives are used to compare two things.
For most adjectives, you add "-er" to the end of the
adjective or use "more" before the adjective. They
highlight the difference in degree or quality between
two things.
For example:
• Old>older
• Big>bigger
• Nois>noisier
Superlatives
Rule: Superlatives are used to compare three or more
things. For most adjectives, you add "-est" to the end
of the adjective or use "most" before the
adjective.They indicate the highest degree or quality
among a group.
For example:
• It was the happiest day of my life.
• That’s the best film I have seen this year.
• I have three sisters: Jan is the oldest and Angela
is the youngest.
Adjectives
Rule: Adjectives are words that modify or describe nouns
or pronouns. They provide more information about the
qualities or characteristics of the noun. Adjectives add
detail to a sentence by answering questions like "What
kind?", "Which one?", or "How many?" They help paint a
more vivid picture in the reader's or listener's mind.
For example:
• We've got a small car.
• My brothers are short.
• That building is tall and grey.
Here I will share with you useful links where you can
learn English and where I got the material from:
• Present Perfect https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/english- grammar-reference/present-
perfect
• present-perfect-continuous https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb- tenses_present-perfect-
continuous.htm\
• past perfect https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/english- grammar-reference/past-perfect
• adjective https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/adjective
• comparative-and-superlative-adjective https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/english- grammar-
reference/comparative-and-superlative- adjectives
• Articles https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/gram mar/articles
• Quantifiers https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/english- grammar-reference/quantifiers
• present continuous https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/grammar/a1-a2-grammar/present-
continuous
• nouns https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/english-grammar-reference/nouns
Мy impressions
Throughout this specialization, I've acquired foundational knowledge of grammar that
has deepened my comprehension of the English language. From understanding sentence
structures, such as the perfect tense, to mastering essential grammar rules like
adjectives, adverbs, modals, quantifiers, gerunds and infinitives, confusing words,
phrasal verbs, collocations, and more, these insights have not only elevated my language
proficiency but also bolstered my confidence in communicating in English. I intend to
leverage this knowledge in the future to improve my academic and professional
performance, enabling me to articulate ideas more clearly and effectively. My dedication
to learning grammar will endure, recognizing it as a vital and continually evolving skill.
While searching for grammar examples in the final project, I've observed a
transformation in my daily approach to English, with a heightened focus on grammatical
structures in both readings and communications. This shift has significantly improved my
ability to apply grammar rules.
Thank you all for the training!