COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES AND MULTIMEDIA ARTS

CCS0021L
(INFORMATION MANAGEMENT)

[F1-FORMATIVE]
Formative Assessment 1
 EXERCISE

1
EXPLORING THE ORACLE ENVIRONMENT AND DATA
MODELING USING E-R MODEL

Student Name / Group Group 3

Name:

Name Role
Miguel Osinada Leader
Members (if Group): Carlos Aguila Member
Christian Valdez Member
Jhone Bautista Member

Section:
TW291
Professor:
Prof. Regina Santos

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I. PROGRAM OUTCOME/S (PO) ADDRESSED BY THE LABORATORY EXERCISE
a. Identify, Apply knowledge of computing appropriate to the discipline. [PO: A]
b. Understand best practices and standards and their applications. [PO: M

II. COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME/S (CLO) ADDRESSED BY THE LABORATORY EXERCISE

● Understand the fundamental concepts and principles of database management and database
administration. [CLO: 1]
● Analyze business rules and translate them into user requirements. [CLO: 2]

III. INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME/S (ILO) OF THE LABORATORY EXERCISE

At the end of this exercise, students must be able to:

● Explore the environment of Oracle DB application.

● Apply the different database approach.
● Use Oracle Data Modeler to do data modeling tasks.
● Convert Rules of organization using Data Modeler

IV. BACKGROUND INFORMATION

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 1. Menu Bar – Consists of the File, Edit, View, Team, Tools and Help.
2. Browser Toolbar – It consists the overview of the Logical Model (3) and Relational Model (4) of the
ERD.
3. Logical Model
This part consists of the Entities, Relations, Inheritances, Views, Subviews, and Display which will
be used during the ER modeling
These will all appear if your click on the + sign of the Logical model

4. Relational Models
This part consists the Tables, Views, Foreign keys, Schemas, Subviews, Physical Models and
Displays of the Logical Model when converted to its relational model equivalent.
These will appear when the + button is clicked beside the Relational Models

By default, the relational model will be labeled Relational_1.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Logical Data Model

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 The goal of a logical data model is to develop an entity relationship diagram that represents the information
requirements of the business. Logical data modeling is independent of the hardware or software to be used for
the implementation.

Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD) is a detailed, logical and graphical representation of the entities,
associations and data elements for an organization or business area.

Table 2.1 Components of an ERD

Component Purpose Example

Entity An object or concept about which you want to - DEPARTMENT
store information. - EMPLOYEE
- JOB
Relationship A natural association that exists between two or - DEPARTMENT may contain one or
more entities. many EMPLOYEEs.
- An EMPLOYEE must be assigned to
one and only one DEPARTMENT.
Attributes Description of entities and specific pieces of EMPLOYEE
information that must be known. - First name
- Last name
- Email

Associative entity is an entity type that associates the instances of one or more entity types and contains
attributes that are peculiar to the relationship between those entity instances. It is a relationship that can be
modeled as an entity type.

Relationship Types
● One-to-One (1:1)
● One-to-Many (1:M) or Many-to-One (M:1)
● Many-to-Many (M:M)

Cardinality is the minimum and maximum number of values in the relationship.

● Minimum values can be either optional (zero) or mandatory (at least one).
● Maximum values can be either one or many.

Figure 2.1 Cardinalities

Step-by-Step Construction of ERD

1. Identify entities
2. Find relationships

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 3. Draw rough ERD
4. Fill in cardinality
5. Define primary keys
6. Draw key-based ERD
7. Identify attributes
8. Map attributes
9. Draw fully attributed ERD
10. Check results

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V. GRADING SYSTEM / RUBRIC (please see separate sheet)

VI. LABORATORY ACTIVITY 1

Instructions:
I. Starting a Logical Model
● Right click on the Logical tab inside the Browser toolbar and click Show

● Then you will see in the center the Logical (Untitled 1) as your work area

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 And you will see these Logical
model tools above when your
Logical Model work area is opened

● Note: If the
Logical Model tool is not found,
just right click on the blue area
near the Menu bar and click
Logical Model on the options found

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 ● Let’s go over the common buttons used in Logical Model tools

● The select button selects the entities available.

● The new entity button creates a new entity.
● The new M:N relation button creates a many to many relationship between entities.
● The new 1:N relation button creates a one to many relationship between entities.
● The new 1:1 relation button creates a one to one relationship between entities.
● The delete button deletes the object on the Logical model work area.
● The Engineer to Relational Model button converts the Logical model to a relational
model.
● The Zoom in button zooms in the object or the area
● The Zoom out button zooms out the object or the area
● The Fit screen button fits the object on the size of the screen
● The Default size button makes the area in default screen size.

II. Now let us create a sample entity relationship model using the example below.
Create an entity relationship diagram of the following:

In this ERD, the business rule indicates that each department can have one or more employees or
many employees work in only one department.

Step 1: On the logical model work area, add a new entity by clicking on the “new entity” button.
Then click the + cursor on the work area, you will have something like this

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 Step 2: On the general tab, on the name text box, write the name Department. Do not close the
window yet. Click on the Attributes tab. You will have something like this:

Step 3: On the attributes, click the + sign to add an attribute.

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On the attributes properties type in the following:
Name: DeptId
Datatype: Logical
Type: Numeric
Precision: 11
Scale: 0
Tick the “Primary UID” because this attribute is the primary key, and then click Apply.

Add another attribute by clicking the green + sign, then on the attribute properties type in the following:
Name: DeptName
Datatype: Logical
Type: varchar
Size: 100
Click “Mandatory” because a department name should not be blank
Then click ok.

Step 4: Create another entity using steps 1-3 but for the Employee entity.
Add the following attributes to the Employee entity
Attribute 1:
Name: EmployeeId
Datatype: Logical
Type: Numeric
Precision: 11
Scale: 0
Tick the “Primary UID” because this attribute is the primary key, and then click Apply.

Attribute 2:
Name: EmployeeName
Datatype: Logical
Type: varchar
Size: 100
Click “Mandatory” because a name of the employee should not be blank

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Then click ok.

You should be having something like this:

Step 5: Let us add a relationship between entities. Since the relationship is one to many, click the button
“1:M relation” button. Then click on the entity Department entity and click on the employee entity to get a
new dialog box like this:

Then type the details and options found on the picture above. Then click ok and you will have something
like this:

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Step 6: The current logical diagram notation above is Barker notation. Let us change it to Information
Engineering notation by clicking on the View tab of the Menu bar, then click on Logical Diagram notation,
and click Information Engineering notation.

Your diagram will look like this:

Laboratory Activity 1 Output

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VII. LABORATORY ACTIVITY 2

Prepare an E-R diagram for an online shop. The following describes this organization:

Business Rules:

● The shop has customers. Attributes of customers are customer_id(identifier), Firstname,

Lastname, Address, city, province, zip code. A customer can have many orders or none at all.
● Many orders or none can be placed by one customer. Attributes for orders are order_id (identifier),
order_date.
● One or many orders placed must have at least one product or more. Many products can be placed
in the orders. An attribute of the association between products and orders is Quantity.
● The attributes of products are product_id (identifier), product_name, description and price.
● Many products are supplied by many suppliers, and many suppliers supplies many products.
Attributes of suppliers are supplier_id (identifier), supplier_name, contact_no.
● An attribute of the association between supplier and products is traceNo.

Task 1

Analyze the business rule and fill-in the relationship matrix in Table 2.2 to track the existence of
relationships between entities.

Table 2.2 Relationship Matrix

Shop Customers Orders Products Suppliers

Customers gets
Orders received by are from
Products goes to supplied by
Suppliers supplies

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 Task 2

Draw a fully attributed ERD with keys based from the relationship
matrix you have created in Task 1. Draw it in Oracle SQL Developer Data Modeler. Once the model is
done, take a screenshot of your work and paste it here.

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VIII.QUESTION AND ANSWER

1. What are other versions of Oracle database?

The other versions of Oracle are:
OracleV2
- Launched in 1979 and was the first commercially available SQL RDMS
OracleV3
- Launched in 1983 and brought features such as concurrency control and stability
OracleV4
- Launched in 1984 and had features from previous versions but added another feature
which was compatible with the MS-DOS operating system
OracleV5
- Launched in 1985 and introduced client-server computing and distributed database
systems
OracleV6
- Launched in 1988 and has row-level locking, online backup, and recovery features
Oracle7
- Launched in 1992 and this release introduced PL/SQL
Oracle8
- Launched in June 1997
Oracle8i
- Launched in 2000 and its features are: Native Internet Protocols and Java, has PLSQL
Gateway
Oracle9i
- Launched in 2001 and introduced Oracle Re Application Clusters (RAC)
Oracle10g
- Launched in 2003 and has grid features that helps balance the overall workload
Oracle10g (2nd release)
- Launched in July 2005 and has more features such as Real Application Testing, Online
Indexing, and Transparent Data Encryption
Oracle11g
- Launched in September 2007 and has new features such as SQL Tuning and Active data
guard.
Oracle11g (2nd release)
- Launched in August 2013 and has new features such as Hybrid Columnar Compression,
Cluster File System, and Database Appliance.
Oracle12c
- Launched in July 2013 and was the first database offered to buy Oracle with cloud
computing and also has an In-Memory column store, SQL Pattern Matching, and native
JSON.
Oracle12c (2nd release)
- Launched in September 2016
Oracle18c

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 - Launched in February 2018 and has a new feature called Polymorphic Table Functions
Oracle19c
- Launched in April 2019 for Linux and for other platforms. Has features such as Automated
Index Creation, SQL Queries on Object stores, and Real-time statistics maintenance.
Oracle21c
- Launched in 2021 and has added features like enhanced security, native JSON support,
automatic indexing, blockchain tables, automated machine learning, and native JSON
support
Oracle23c
- Oracle’s latest database management system version
2. What is an associative entity? Explain how it was created?
- An associative entity is created by implementing a base relation and it is used to describe
a type of entity that resolves many-to-many relationships between other entities in a
relational database.

DOCUMENTATION:

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IX. REFERENCES

● Hoffer, Jeff (2016). Modern Database Management 12th edition. Pearson Education Limited
● Young, M. (2010). Oracle Data Modeling and Relational Database Design, Vol. 1 Student Guide,
Oracle.

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