CHAPTER 1:

FIRST ORDER ORDINARY

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Reference: Dennis G. Zill, Differential Equation with Boundary-Value Problems, Metric Edition.

LECTURER NAME: DR. SHAZALINA MAT ZIN

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS (IMK),
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS
PHONE NO.: 013-4807344

QMQ11203/Sem2/20232024
REFERENCE & PLATFORM
WebAssign interactive LECTURE & DISCUSSION
with eBook (1 year
access) = RM 59 - Lecture hall/room
Physical book +
- Whatsapp group
WebAssign interactive
with eBook = RM 148
NOTE, EXERCISE & QUIZ
- Cangage website

*Manual guide to buy the book will be given in the other slide. Ask your lecturer
for more details.

QMQ11203/Sem2/20232024
 CLASS KEY
UR6523008:
https://www.getenrolled.com/?courseKey=unimap.my4285
8020

UR6523009:
https://www.getenrolled.com/?courseKey=unimap.my7758
9649

UR6521004 &UR6543001:
https://www.getenrolled.com/?courseKey=unimap.my9054
9777
QMQ11203/Sem2/20232024
TIMETABLE

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IMPORTANT DATES

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 BASIC KNOWLEDGE
DIFFERENTIATION INTEGRATION

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 INTRODUCTION
•

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QMQ11203/Sem2/20232024
 CONSEPT OF SOLUTION
• The functional relationship between the independent variable and the
dependent variable (such as y = f(x)) which satisfies the given differential
equation is called the solution of the differential equation.

• If the solution of nth order ODE contains n arbitrary constants, then the
solution is called GENERAL SOLUTION of the differential equation.
Example: y ( x ) = A + Be −3 x where A and B are arbitrary constants

• A solution of nth order ODE without any arbitrary constant is called

PARTICULAR SOLUTION.
Example: y ( x ) = 30 + 70e −3 x

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 EXAMPLE 2
1. Show that y = Ae 2 x + Be − x is the solution of y − y − 2 y = 0.

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 1 4 dy
2. Proof that y = x is the solution for = x y.
16 dx

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 EXERCISE
dy
1. y = x + 3 is the particular solution for y
2 2
= x.
dx
TRUE FALSE
2. Which of the following solution is general solution?
a. y = x 2 ln ( x ) b. y + 2 y = sin ( x )
c. T = 20 + 17e −5t d. y = Ae3 x + Be − x

3. Identify the possible solution for y − 5 y + 6 y = 0. ANSWER:

a. y = e3 x b. y = De x 1. TRUE
2. d
c. y = e −6 x d. y = De − x 3. a
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 SEPARABLE EQUATION
General form:
dy f ( x) dy g ( y ) dy
= , = , = f ( x) g ( y ).
dx g ( y ) dx f ( x) dx

Method of solution:
1) If the given DE is not in form of general form, reform.
2) Rearrange the equation by separating the variables x and y.
3) Integrate both side of equation. Include c on RHS.
4) Simplify the general solution. If given condition, find
particular solution.
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 EXAMPLE 3
dy x
Find the solution of = .
dx y

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 EXAMPLE 4 (PAGE: 48)
Solve (1 + x ) dy − ydx = 0.

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 EXAMPLE 5 (PAGE: 49)
dy x
Solve the initial value problem = − , y ( 4 ) = −3.
dx y

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 PAGE: 52
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 LINEAR EQUATION
dy
General form: a ( x ) + b ( x) y = c ( x).
dx
Method of solution:
dy
1) Reform to standard form: + p ( x ) y = q ( x ).
dx
2) Calculate integrating factor:  ( x ) = e  p ( x ) dx
.
3) Multiply both side of standard form with integrating factor. Then
factorize LHS of the equation using product rule.
d
dx
  ( x ) y =  ( x ) q ( x ) .
4) Integrate both side of equation. Include c on RHS.
5) Simplify the general solution. If given condition, find particular
solution. QMQ10203/Sem1/20232024
 EXAMPLE 6 (PAGE: 57)
dy
Solve − 3 y = 6.
dx

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 EXAMPLE 7 (PAGE: 58)
dy
Solve x − 4 y = x 6e x .
dx

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 EXAMPLE 8 (PAGE: 59)
dy
Find the particular solution of + y = x; y ( 0 ) = 4.
dx

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 PAGE: 62-63

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 EXACT EQUATION
General form: M ( x, y )dx + N ( x, y )dy = 0.
Method of solution:
M N
1) Reform to general form and test for exactness: =
y x
3. Let f ( x, y ) = C defined as solution where:
f ( x, y ) =  M ( x, y ) dx + A ( y )
4. Differentiate the answer in 3 wrt y and equate to N ( x, y ) to find A ( y )
5. Find A ( y ) by integrate A ( y ) wrt to y.
6. Substitute A ( y ) into answer in 3 and simplify.If given condition, find
C and particular solution.
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 EXAMPLE 9 (PAGE: 67)
Solve 2 xydx + ( x 2 − 1) dy = 0.

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Continue EXAMPLE 9 (PAGE: 67)

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 EXAMPLE 10
Find the solution of ( 3 x 2 y + e y ) dx + ( x 3 + xe y − 2 y ) dy = 0.

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Continue EXAMPLE 10

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 EXAMPLE 11 (PAGE: 68)
dy xy 2 − cos ( x ) sin ( x )
Solve = , y ( 0 ) = 2.
dx y (1 − x 2
)

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Continue EXAMPLE 11 (PAGE: 68)

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Continue EXAMPLE 11 (PAGE: 68)

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 PAGE: 70

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 NEWTON LAW OF COOLING

dT
= −k (T − Tm )
dt
PAGE: 24

dT
= −k (T − Tm )
dt

PAGE: 87
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 PAGE: 30
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 EXAMPLE 12
A bowl of soup is poured from a pot contents
are 95C into a non-insulated bowl in a room
at 20C. After two minutes, the soup has cooled
to 80C. How much time is required for the soup
to reach an eatable temperature at 80C ?

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 EXAMPLE 13
A body of an apparent homocide victim was found
in a room that was kept at a constant temperature 70F.
At 12 noon, temperature of the body was 80F and at 1
pm it was 75F. Assume that the temperature of the body
at time of death 98.6 F , determine the time of death.

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EXERCISE

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