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CHAPTER 1st Order - Without Solution

The document provides an overview of first order ordinary differential equations including concepts of solutions, methods for solving separable, linear, and exact differential equations, and examples of using Newton's law of cooling to solve applied problems. It introduces basic terminology and solution techniques for common types of first order differential equations.

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Hazim Khadri
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
39 views42 pages

CHAPTER 1st Order - Without Solution

The document provides an overview of first order ordinary differential equations including concepts of solutions, methods for solving separable, linear, and exact differential equations, and examples of using Newton's law of cooling to solve applied problems. It introduces basic terminology and solution techniques for common types of first order differential equations.

Uploaded by

Hazim Khadri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1:

FIRST ORDER ORDINARY


DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Reference: Dennis G. Zill, Differential Equation with Boundary-Value Problems, Metric Edition.

LECTURER NAME: DR. SHAZALINA MAT ZIN


INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS (IMK),
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS
PHONE NO.: 013-4807344

QMQ11203/Sem2/20232024
REFERENCE & PLATFORM
WebAssign interactive LECTURE & DISCUSSION
with eBook (1 year
access) = RM 59 - Lecture hall/room
Physical book +
- Whatsapp group
WebAssign interactive
with eBook = RM 148
NOTE, EXERCISE & QUIZ
- Cangage website

*Manual guide to buy the book will be given in the other slide. Ask your lecturer
for more details.

QMQ11203/Sem2/20232024
CLASS KEY
UR6523008:
https://www.getenrolled.com/?courseKey=unimap.my4285
8020

UR6523009:
https://www.getenrolled.com/?courseKey=unimap.my7758
9649

UR6521004 &UR6543001:
https://www.getenrolled.com/?courseKey=unimap.my9054
9777
QMQ11203/Sem2/20232024
TIMETABLE

QMQ10203/Sem1/20232024
IMPORTANT DATES

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BASIC KNOWLEDGE
DIFFERENTIATION INTEGRATION

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INTRODUCTION

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QMQ11203/Sem2/20232024
CONSEPT OF SOLUTION
• The functional relationship between the independent variable and the
dependent variable (such as y = f(x)) which satisfies the given differential
equation is called the solution of the differential equation.

• If the solution of nth order ODE contains n arbitrary constants, then the
solution is called GENERAL SOLUTION of the differential equation.
Example: y ( x ) = A + Be −3 x where A and B are arbitrary constants

• A solution of nth order ODE without any arbitrary constant is called


PARTICULAR SOLUTION.
Example: y ( x ) = 30 + 70e −3 x

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EXAMPLE 2
1. Show that y = Ae 2 x + Be − x is the solution of y − y − 2 y = 0.

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1 4 dy
2. Proof that y = x is the solution for = x y.
16 dx

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EXERCISE
dy
1. y = x + 3 is the particular solution for y
2 2
= x.
dx
TRUE FALSE
2. Which of the following solution is general solution?
a. y = x 2 ln ( x ) b. y + 2 y = sin ( x )
c. T = 20 + 17e −5t d. y = Ae3 x + Be − x

3. Identify the possible solution for y − 5 y + 6 y = 0. ANSWER:


a. y = e3 x b. y = De x 1. TRUE
2. d
c. y = e −6 x d. y = De − x 3. a
QMQ11203/Sem2/20232024
SEPARABLE EQUATION
General form:
dy f ( x) dy g ( y ) dy
= , = , = f ( x) g ( y ).
dx g ( y ) dx f ( x) dx

Method of solution:
1) If the given DE is not in form of general form, reform.
2) Rearrange the equation by separating the variables x and y.
3) Integrate both side of equation. Include c on RHS.
4) Simplify the general solution. If given condition, find
particular solution.
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EXAMPLE 3
dy x
Find the solution of = .
dx y

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EXAMPLE 4 (PAGE: 48)
Solve (1 + x ) dy − ydx = 0.

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EXAMPLE 5 (PAGE: 49)
dy x
Solve the initial value problem = − , y ( 4 ) = −3.
dx y

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PAGE: 52
QMQ10203/Sem1/20232024
LINEAR EQUATION
dy
General form: a ( x ) + b ( x) y = c ( x).
dx
Method of solution:
dy
1) Reform to standard form: + p ( x ) y = q ( x ).
dx
2) Calculate integrating factor:  ( x ) = e  p ( x ) dx
.
3) Multiply both side of standard form with integrating factor. Then
factorize LHS of the equation using product rule.
d
dx
  ( x ) y =  ( x ) q ( x ) .
4) Integrate both side of equation. Include c on RHS.
5) Simplify the general solution. If given condition, find particular
solution. QMQ10203/Sem1/20232024
EXAMPLE 6 (PAGE: 57)
dy
Solve − 3 y = 6.
dx

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EXAMPLE 7 (PAGE: 58)
dy
Solve x − 4 y = x 6e x .
dx

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EXAMPLE 8 (PAGE: 59)
dy
Find the particular solution of + y = x; y ( 0 ) = 4.
dx

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PAGE: 62-63

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EXACT EQUATION
General form: M ( x, y )dx + N ( x, y )dy = 0.
Method of solution:
M N
1) Reform to general form and test for exactness: =
y x
3. Let f ( x, y ) = C defined as solution where:
f ( x, y ) =  M ( x, y ) dx + A ( y )
4. Differentiate the answer in 3 wrt y and equate to N ( x, y ) to find A ( y )
5. Find A ( y ) by integrate A ( y ) wrt to y.
6. Substitute A ( y ) into answer in 3 and simplify.If given condition, find
C and particular solution.
QMQ11203/Sem2/20232024
EXAMPLE 9 (PAGE: 67)
Solve 2 xydx + ( x 2 − 1) dy = 0.

QMQ11203/Sem2/20232024
Continue EXAMPLE 9 (PAGE: 67)

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EXAMPLE 10
Find the solution of ( 3 x 2 y + e y ) dx + ( x 3 + xe y − 2 y ) dy = 0.

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Continue EXAMPLE 10

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EXAMPLE 11 (PAGE: 68)
dy xy 2 − cos ( x ) sin ( x )
Solve = , y ( 0 ) = 2.
dx y (1 − x 2
)

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Continue EXAMPLE 11 (PAGE: 68)

QMQ11203/Sem2/20232024
Continue EXAMPLE 11 (PAGE: 68)

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PAGE: 70

QMQ11203/Sem2/20232024
NEWTON LAW OF COOLING

dT
= −k (T − Tm )
dt
PAGE: 24

dT
= −k (T − Tm )
dt

PAGE: 87
QMQ10203/Sem1/20232024
QMQ11203/Sem2/20232024
PAGE: 30
QMQ11203/Sem2/20232024
EXAMPLE 12
A bowl of soup is poured from a pot contents
are 95C into a non-insulated bowl in a room
at 20C. After two minutes, the soup has cooled
to 80C. How much time is required for the soup
to reach an eatable temperature at 80C ?

QMQ11203/Sem2/20232024
EXAMPLE 13
A body of an apparent homocide victim was found
in a room that was kept at a constant temperature 70F.
At 12 noon, temperature of the body was 80F and at 1
pm it was 75F. Assume that the temperature of the body
at time of death 98.6 F , determine the time of death.

QMQ11203/Sem2/20232024
EXERCISE

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QMQ11203/Sem2/20232024

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