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EMCEME 2019 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 782 (2020) 032105 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/782/3/032105

Correlation Analysis of Faults and Operating Environment of

Electric Energy Meter

Xinxia Peng1, Ying Liu1, Jie Du2, Qilin Liang2, Fukuan Pang1, Panpan Tan2
1
State Grid Jibei Electric Power Company Limited Power Research Institute, Jibei
100045, China.
2
State Grid Jibei Langfang Power Supply Company, Jibei 100045, China

Abstract. The use of the re-entry energy meter is related to the on-site operating
environment. First, the five-level quantitative standard is determined. Establish the
correlation between the fault phenomenon and the operating environment, and use the
software SPSS to analyze the correlation between the fault phenomenon and the
operating environment. According to the size of the correlation, analyze the cause of
the correlation. It provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent strengthening of
quality supervision, management and production of electric energy meters.

1. Introduction
According to the 8-year replacement requirement of the smart meter rotation cycle, the low-voltage
smart meter installed in the 09 specification has entered the rotation cycle. According to the results of
low-voltage intelligent electric energy meter operation sampling and laboratory sampling inspection,
most of the smart meters have been close to the rotation cycle even if the running time is not obvious
defects, and the component quality is still in a good operating state. Therefore, combined with the
intelligent table operation state evaluation technology, a more scientific and reasonable cycle
replacement method can be proposed to guide the cycle reloading of large-scale smart meters, and
reasonably guide the use of smart meters for residents and reduce resources under the guidance of laws
and regulations.
The status change is a rotation mode for adjusting the rotation period of the meter according to the
running status of the meter and the relevant verification data in the case of large-scale replacement of
the smart meter by the residents, that is, selecting a batch of meters that are about to be rotated, and
running through the operation. The medium state evaluation, the operation table sampling inspection,
the in-use verification and other technical means determine the batch meter operation state, and if the
meter status is stable, the batch schedule extension rotation can be applied.
For the failure situation of the on-site re-entry of the energy meter, we use the correlation between
the variables for analysis and research.

2. Energy meter failure and its influencing factors

The environmental factors affecting the failure of the energy meter can be divided into five categories:
temperature, humidity, illumination, salt spray and rain. The influence of corrosion and humidity on
the performance of the energy meter, the influence of the temperature environment on the energy
meter, and the performance of the solar radiation on the energy meter. Impact, the impact of rain on
the energy meter, etc.

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EMCEME 2019 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 782 (2020) 032105 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/782/3/032105

2.1. Quantitative standard

The quantitative criteria for various influencing factors are shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Quantification standard table of influencing factors

Quantitative criteria (1 means not affected by various factors, 2-5 means
Influencing
classification affected, the larger the value, the more stringent)
factor
1 2 3 4 5
Inland Inland
distance is distance Inland Inland
Inland
more than 200- distance 20- distance 5-
Salt spray within 5Km
1000Km 1000Km 20Km along 20Km along
of the coast
along the along the the coast the coast
coast coast
The annual The average The average The average The average
average annual annual annual annual
temperature temperature temperature temperature temperature temperature
is below 0 is 0-5 is 5-10 is 10-15 is above 15
envirnmental degrees degrees degrees degrees degrees
factor Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual
average average average average average
humidity
humidity humidity is humidity is humidity is humidity is
below 50% 50%-60% 60%-70% 70%-80% above 80%
Rainwater
No rain / / / Rainwater
immersion
Install
indoors or Installation
Solar
have shelter / / / outside and
radiation
from no sunlight
sunlight

2.2. Modeling
In order to analyze the correlation between the influence factors of the energy meter, we need to
establish a correlation analysis model. We take the following steps, as shown in Figure 1.

Select target
Determine the correlation
between the two groups of
variables

Number of observations per

variable Typical weight
Keep enough observations

Derivation of typical functions

Linear correlation Select a function for
Linear relationship interpretation
Multivariate normality Statistical significance

Figure 1. Correlation between energy meter influence factors

2
EMCEME 2019 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 782 (2020) 032105 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/782/3/032105

(1) Determine the objectives of a typical correlation analysis

In order to analyze the correlation between the influencing factors of the electric energy meter and
the fault, it is necessary to collect the historical fault data of the electric energy meter. Collect old
electric energy meters that have been in operation for more than 8 years in the jurisdiction of a power
supply company. The operation of the electric energy meter totals more than 50,000.
(2) Design typical correlation analysis
The linear assumption affects two aspects of a typical correlation analysis. A typical correlation
analysis can accommodate any metric variable without a strict normality assumption. Normality is
meaningful because it normalizes the distribution and allows for a higher degree of correlation
between variables.
Assume that the data of two sets of variables are measured: x = (x1, x2, x3, x4..., xp) and y = (y1,
y2, y3, ... yq), and the correlation analysis matrix is shown in Table 2 below:

Table 2. Correlation matrix

x1x1 x1x2 … x1x5 x1y1 … x1y4
x2x1 x2x2 … x2x5 x2y1 … x2y4
x3x1 x3x2 … x3x5 x3y1 … x3y4
x4x1 x4x2 … x4x5 x4y1 … x4y4
x5x1 x5x2 … x5x5 x5y1 … x5y4
y1x1 y1x2 … y1x5 y1y1 … y1y4
y2x1 y2x2 … y2x5 y2y1 … y2y4
y3x1 y3x2 … y3x5 y3y1 … y3y4
y4x1 y4x2 … y4x5 y4y1 … y4y4

Here (x1, x2, x3, x4, x5) = (temperature, humidity, salt spray, light, rain), (y1, y2, y3, y4) = (power
module, metering module, communication module, display module), The relevant analysis model is
shown in Table 3.

Table 3. Electric energy meter fault correlation analysis model

x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 y1 y2 y3 y4
x1
x2
x3
x4
x5
y1
y2
y3
y4

(3) Test the basic assumptions of typical correlation analysis

The linear assumption affects two aspects of a typical correlation analysis. First, the correlation
coefficient between any two energy meter variables is linear. If the relationship is not linear, one or
two variables need to be transformed. Second, the typical correlation is the correlation between
variables.

3
EMCEME 2019 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 782 (2020) 032105 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/782/3/032105

A typical correlation analysis can accommodate any metric variable without a strict normality
assumption. Normality is meaningful because it normalizes the distribution and allows for a higher
degree of correlation between variables.
There are many types of faults in the key components of the energy meter, and there are many
factors affecting the fault. Table 4 lists the key component fault types.

Table 4. Energy meter failure factor

Functional module Fault factor
Varistor
Thermistor
Power module Safety capacitor
Current limiting resistor
Sampling resistor
Capacitance
Metering module
Current Transformer
Metering chip
485 chip
Communication module Thermistor
Optocoupler
Liquid crystal
Display module
Backlight

3. Correlation analysis
SPSS is a set of statistical analysis program software packages. It is powerful, user-friendly, easy to
learn and use, and covers the entire process of mathematical analysis. It is widely used in various
fields of natural sciences, social sciences and technical sciences. SPSS is suitable for marketing, sales
analysis, market research, statistical reporting, quality control, scientific research, social survey,
business management, teaching and administrative management, with data management, statistical
analysis, data and graphics display and printing.

3.1. SPSS software analysis

Use SPSS software for related analysis, new project, data entry, variable definition process. Line = (x1,
x2, x3, x4, x5, y1, y2, y3, y4) = (temperature, humidity, salt spray, light, rain, power module, metering
module, communication module, display module), column = ( X1, x2, x3, x4, x5, y1, y2, y3, y4) =
(temperature, humidity, salt spray, light, rain, power module, metering module, communication
module, display module), for correlation analysis.

3.2. Correlation analysis

Through the SPSS software, we can get the correlation matrix. When the smart energy meter fault
factor and the environmental factor are simply "positively correlated", the coefficient is greater than
zero. When the two variables are "negatively correlated", the coefficient is less than 0, the coefficient
is 0 means nothing, and the coefficient is 1 means fully positive correlation. The greater the correlation
coefficient, the stronger the correlation. The current level of the correlation coefficient of this project
is 5%.

3.3. Correlation coefficient

The correlation analysis results between various types of fault influencing factors are shown in Table 5.

4
EMCEME 2019 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 782 (2020) 032105 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/782/3/032105

Table 5. Correlation coefficient of influence factor and fault

Powe Meteri Displ
Salt
temperat humidi rainwat sunlig r ng Communicat ay
spra
ure ty er ht modu modul ion module modu
y
le e le
temperature 1 0 0 0 0 0.135 0.162 0.102 0.236
humidity 0 1 0 0 0 0.316 0.439 0.184 0.362
Salt spray 0 0 1 0 0 0.481 0.728 0.347 0.637
rainwater 0 0 0 1 0 0.617 0.561 0.416 0.643
sunlight 0 0 0 0 1 0.114 0.142 0.291 0.721
Power 0.48
0.135 0.316 0.617 0.114 1 0 0 0
module 1
Metering 0.72
0.162 0.439 0.561 0.142 0 1 0 0
module 8
Communicat 0.34
0.102 0.184 0.416 0.291 0 0 1 0
ion module 7
Display 0.63
0.236 0.362 0.643 0.721 0 0 0 1
module 7

3.4. Correlation coefficient analysis

The correlation analysis results between various types of fault influencing factors and faults are shown
in Table 5. From the relevant analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn:
(1) Relationship between salt spray and failure factor
The salt spray is strongly related to the three faults of the power module and the metering module
in the fault factor of the smart energy meter, and the correlation coefficient exceeds 0.5; under the
corrosion of salt spray, the key parts of the smart meter case, the printed board, and the complicated
structural form It is more susceptible to the influence of salt spray environment. Once the salt mist
atmosphere penetrates into the interior of the meter, the accumulation and retention of salt spray will
cause it to be exposed to the salt spray environment for a longer period of time. The corrosion of the
printed board is firstly from the through hole and lead. Induced at the solder joint or at the edge of the
device, and randomly distributed in dots along each boundary or edge.
(2) Relationship between temperature and fault factor
The temperature is strongly correlated with the power module and the metering module in the fault
factor of the smart energy meter, and the correlation coefficient exceeds 0.5; it is weakly related to the
fault of the display module, and the correlation coefficient is between 0.1 and 0.3. The damaging
effects of high temperature on components are mainly caused by failure caused by thermal stress,
failure caused by defects at the interface and thermal growth of oxides. High temperatures accelerate
the degradation of coating materials and accelerate the corrosion of metal parts. When the temperature
alternates greatly, the expansion coefficient of the component is repeatedly changed, and the
component fails in the repeated "thermal expansion and contraction" process.
(3) Relationship between humidity and fault factor
Humidity is strongly correlated with the power module and metering module in the fault factor of
the smart energy meter, and the correlation coefficient exceeds 0.5; the humidity has the greatest
influence on the shell of the smart meter. The product is in a wet environment, and the material
adsorbs the water vapor to cause expansion and strength. Reduced, performance changes, insulation
materials can also cause electrical performance degradation.
(4) Relationship between rainwater and fault factors
Rainwater intrusion is related to the metering module in the fault factor of the electric energy meter,
and the correlation coefficient exceeds 0.3; during the operation of the smart energy meter, it is
necessary to take measures to prevent rain.

5
EMCEME 2019 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 782 (2020) 032105 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/782/3/032105

(5) Relationship between solar radiation and fault factors

Sunlight radiation is strongly correlated with the display module in the fault factor of the electric
energy meter, and the correlation coefficient exceeds 0.5; it is weakly correlated with the metering
module, power module and communication module, and the correlation coefficient is between 0.1 and
0.3.

4. Conclusion
In order to strengthen the quality supervision of electric energy meter and ensure the quality of
products, it is necessary to improve the quality control and control of energy metering box from the
aspect of product performance testing. Therefore, it is very necessary to propose the inspection and
acceptance content according to the analysis result of the energy meter failure.

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