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Networking - Subnetting

The document discusses IPv4 and IPv6 addressing as well as networking concepts like classes, subnetting, subnet masks, and CIDR notation. It provides examples of calculating subnet values for different subnet masks applied to sample IP addresses.

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geetmi
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8 views

Networking - Subnetting

The document discusses IPv4 and IPv6 addressing as well as networking concepts like classes, subnetting, subnet masks, and CIDR notation. It provides examples of calculating subnet values for different subnet masks applied to sample IP addresses.

Uploaded by

geetmi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Networking

Saturday, October 29, 2022 18:27

IPv4 – 32 bit long – 2^32 addresses


IPv4 chose 32 bit because it was the biggest register found in any common processors at the time.
Ipv6 – 128 bit long – 2^128 addresses

CLASSES.

Class A – 1.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255


10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 - Private IP

Class B – 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255


172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 - Private IP

Class C – 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255


192.168.x.x - 192.168.x.x - Private IP

CLASS A NETWORKS
• 1st octate starts with bit '0'
• 1st octate value range from 1 through 126
• Network mask is 8 bits. 255.0.0.0
• 1.0.0.0 - 126.0.0.0 are class A network

CLASS B NETWORKS.
• 1st octate start with binary pattern '10'
• 1st octate value ranges from 128 through 191
• Network mask is 16 bits. 255.255.0.0
• 128.0.0.0 - 191. 255.0.0

CLASS C NETWORKS.
• 1st octate start with binary pattern '110'
• 1st octate value ranges from 192 through 223
• Network mask is 24 bits. 255.255.255.0
• 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.0

2 additional classes are class D & E.

SUBNETTING.
Subnetting is a technique used to overcome the problem of reduction in the no of networks address of 32 bit addressing
scheme.

Class 1st octet Decimal range 1st octet High order bit Network/Host ID Default subnet mask No of Networks Host per network
A 1 - 126 0 N.H.H.H 255.0.0.0 28 224 - 2
B 128 - 191 10 N.N.H.H 255.255.0.0 216 216 - 2
C 191 -223 110 N.N.N.H 255.255.255.0 224 28 - 2

SUBNET MASK
Determines which part of an IP address is the network address and which part is the host address.

Class Default subnet Mask


A 255.0.0.0
B 255.255.0.0
C 255.255.255.0

CIDR NOTATION
Indicates the number of bits used for network address.
Eg: 172.13.0.0/15 - 11111111.11111110.00000000.00000000

Subnet Mask CIDR Value


255.248.0.0 /13
255.252.0.0 /14
255.254.0.0 /15
255.255.0.0 /16
255.255.128.0 /17
255.255.192.0 /18
255.255.224.0 /19
255.255.240.0 /20
255.255.248.0 /21
255.255.252.0 /22
255.255.254.0 /23
255.255.255.0 /24
255.255.255.128 /25
255.255.255.192 /26
255.255.255.224 /27
255.255.255.240 /28
255.255.255.248 /29
255.255.255.252 /30

SUBNETTING CLASS C ADDRESSES


Binary Decimal CIDR
00000000 = 0 /24
10000000 = 128 /25
11000000 = 192 /26
11100000 = 224 /27
11110000 = 240 /28
11111000 = 248 /29
11111100 = 252 /30

Big 5
1. How many subnets does the chosen subnet mask produce? 𝟐𝒙
x - network bits used in last octate
Eg : 192.168.8.0 255.255.255.128
128 = 10000000 = 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟐

1. How many valid hosts per subnet are available? 𝟐𝒏 - 2


n - host bits
Eg: 128 = 10000000 = 𝟐𝟕 = 𝟏𝟐𝟔

2. What are the valid subnets? 256 – subnet mask = block size
block size = 256 - 128 = 128
3. What’s the broadcast address of each subnet?
192.168.8.127
4. What are the valid hosts in each subnet?
192.168.8.0
Eg:
Subnet 0
1st host 1
Last host 126
broadcast address 127

Questions.
1. 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.192

No of subnets - 2 = 4
No of valid host - 2 - 2 = 64 - 2 = 62
Block size - 256 - 192 =64
Subnet 0 64 128 192
1st host 1 65 129 193
Last host 126 126 190 254
broadcast address 127 127 191 255

2. 192.168.10.33 255.255.255.240

No of subnets - 2 = 16
No of valid host - 2 - 2 = 16 - 2 = 14
Block size - 256 - 240 = 16
Subnet 0 16 32 48
1st host 1 17 33 49
Last host 14 32 46 62
broadcast address 15 33 47 63

3. 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.224

No of subnets - 2 = 8
No of valid host - 2 - 2 = 32 - 2 = 30
Block size - 256 - 224 = 32
Subnet 0 32 64 96
1st host 1 33 65 97
Last host 30 62 94 126
broadcast address 31 63 95 127

4. 192.168.10.17 255.255.255.252

No of subnets - 2 = 64
No of valid host - 2 - 2 = 4 - 2 = 2
Block size - 256 - 252 = 4
Subnet 0 4 8 12
1st host 1 5 9 13
Last host 2 6 10 14
broadcast address 3 7 11 15

5. 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.240

No of subnets - 2 = 16
No of valid host - 2 - 2 = 16 - 2 = 14
Block size - 256 - 240 = 16
Subnet 0 16 32 64
1st host 1 17 33 65
Last host 14 30 62 126
broadcast address 15 31 63 127

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