JA PA N E S E R E A DI NG

FO R

B E GI N N E R S

fl
T
A R H U R R OS E -
INNE S .

V ol I K . ana .

V ol II A F w Chi e e Ch r c t er
. e n s a a s.

V ol III M ore Chi e s e Ch r c t ers

. n a a .

V ol IV Th e L it er ry S ty le
. a .

Vol V Th e E pist ol ry S tyle

. a .

V OLU ME III .

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MORE CHIN E SE CHARA CTE RS

S eco d E d iti o
n n ,
R e vis ed .

K . Y O S H IKA W A co .
,
’
Ben t e n -dar i, 1 ch a me,
YOKO HA MA .

( A ll r i ghts reserwd . )
 J A PA N E S E R E A DIN G

FOR

B E G IN N E R S .

VOL U ME III .

M ORE ,
C H IN E S E C H AR ACT ERS .

Obje ct o bj ec t of
.
this Th e
v ol u m e i th reefold ( ) t o i cre a e th e s : a n s

s tude t k ow led g e of th e Ch i e s e c har c t er by a free u of th e co m m o er

n
’
s n n a s se n

c h r c ter ; ( b ) to f mil i ar i e th e st ude t with th e u of d i c ti o ry of

a a s a z n se a na

c h r c ter
a a com pl ish m e t b s olut el y e e s ary if h e w ish e to p u le
s, an ac n a n c s s zz

thi g s ut for hi m s elf ; ( ) t o cc ust o m h im t o w ha t for w t of

n o 0 a b e tt er ,
an a

w ord w c all th e for m l ty le

, e a s .

T h e C h ar ac t er s I V ol um e II c
. h r c t er n w ere st u d i ed i this ,
a a s : n

pre s e t v ol um e m ore th 8 00 w c h r c t ers

n an u ed b e i de s l m o st l l
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s a a

th e old o e s I th e nt e xt w . h v e n pl ced k a a t th e si de of th e le
,
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i m port t of th e s e
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th e l tt er a h e co m e s cro s th e m I th e l ist of c h r c t er t th e d of
as a s . n a a s a en

this v ol um e A ppe d ix I th e s e 1 80 c h r c t ers

,
n m rked w ith a spec i l si g
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ch r c ter
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a n o se . e a

ne w c h r c t ers h e m ee ts a d l l th e old o e s w h o s e re d i g h e h
a a n a for g o tt e n a n as n .

Th e ro m i ed v ersi o of th e t e xt w ill erv e

an z n c h eck ; b ut h e h d b e tter s as a a

tr y t o u r v el th e J p a e s e t e xt by th e id of his d i cti o ry
n a a n d o l y refer a na ,
an n

t o th e ro m i ed t r sl it er ti o t o m ke sure his re d i g is correc t A

an z an a n a a n . s a

h elp t o th o se wh po ss e ss u B E GINNE RS D ICT I O NA RY O F C HINE SE JA ANE SE

o o r
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C HARACTE RS d hi dr ce t o th o
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T w li e s me
o nth t th e c h r c t er an a proper m a a s ar e a na e .

Th e For m al St yl e Al l th e re d i g m tt er i this v ol u m e i i w h t
. a n a n s n a
 4 J A P ANE sE RE A D I NG FOR B E G I NNE RS .

we c ll t h form l sty le T h is is
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. a v ar n an a

th e J p e s e wh e th e y
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w r iti g I t m y b co sidered
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e n as n n na

an d th e l it er ry st y le I a g e er l w y w e m y ay t hat its d j ec tiv e

a . n n a a ,
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a d v er b form
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ord i ry collo qui l but it us e o m e word s d ph ras e whi c h b elo g t o th e

na a : s s an s n

l it er ry sty le
a Th u i s peec h
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, n s s n n a n .

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on e n n e n s n

s t y l e is th e u e of th e co trac t ed form d a u dc a im a u e t c i te d
s n on - n s c r , r s , .
,
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of th e co t rac t ed form s da desu t Th e

n c o tr ac t ed form s do , t ,
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b elo g t o th e l it erary sty le

n th e h d d th e o th er th e y on on e an , an on , ar e

h rdl y e v er u ed b y ord i ry people i

a s ord i ary co v er ati o W e ay
na n an n
.

n s n . s

ord i ry people
na d vi edly a w e w ish t o e x clu de s old i er wh o
a s , s s, ar e

a cc ust o m ed t o pe k i g i v er y sti ff a d form al way

s a n n a n .

I ordern t t o co m pl i c at e m tt er w
no h v e p urpos el y v o ided e x mple a s, e a a a s

i w hi c h th e for m al
n ty le b orrow t oo freel y from th e l it erary ty le N ot e
s s s .

th t th e old f shi o ed e g ativ e t erm i ti o of v erb i a e q

a - a n n u iv ale t t o th e na n s n n n

com mo er ai of t od y is oft e us ed i th e form l style

n n a , n n a .

Ph o n e t i c W e c lled tt e ti o c ur oril y i th e pre i o us ol um e t o th e

. a a n n s n v v

f c t th t m y c h r c t er s
a a an co st r uc t ed th at certa i p ar t c lled th e
a a ar e so n a n ,
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R d i c l g iv e s
a a ,
vag u e o ti o of its m e i g a d o th er c lled th e Ph o e ti c
a n n an n ,
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a n i de of it C hi e e re d i g T h e u der t d i g of thi co st ruc ti o of

a s n s a n . n s an n s n n

m y c h ar a t er b eco m e m ore
an c s d m ore i m por t t th e st ude t a d v ce
s an an as n an s

i n h is t u di e s ; s o w e h all e de v o ur t o e x pl i
s by m e s of
s e x mple i n a a n an an a n

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n ,
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me i
an E gl ishn cer t i t ree or th e re si due f co mb u ti o th e t w
n a a n , o s n : o

m ea i gs c n n o t b e d isti gu ish ed e x cep t by m e s of th e cont e xt L t u

an n n an . e s

u ppo s e h owe v er th t wa writt e d th e o th er k e e

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w o uld b e e si l y d isti g ish ed a d i v ery lo g i c l m

n ur th e first an n a a an n e : on e

w o uld m e a h w hi c h h
n refere ce t o t ree
as d th e s eco d as h w hi c h n an n as

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 V O L UM E I II MO RE . C H INE SE CH AR A C TE RS .
5

Chin e s e h av e perh aps a hun dred : s o it b ecam e v e ry n cce s s ary t o di ff ere n ti ate '

th e m in w riti n g an d th e s y st e m for do i n g s o was w orked o ut with a g ood de al

,

of i n g en uit y ; but it must n ot b e th oug ht that th e w h ole subj ec t is as simme

as th e ab o v e e x am ple s w o u ld appe ar t o m ake it O n p assi n g i n t o Ja pan e s e .

th e perfec ti o of th e sy t e m h s uff ered co i der b ly b ut e oug h re m i

n s as ns a ,
n a ns

t o make it worth w hi le st ud y i g th e rel ti o s of t h C hi e s e i th e quasi

n a n e n , . e .

C hi e s e re d i g of c h r c ter w hi c h h v e th e m e wr itt e p h o e ti ele m e t

n , a n s a a s a sa n n c n

i this v ol um e w shall freq u e t l y c ll tt e ti o t o thi

n e u bj ec t i u ot e sn a a n n s s n o r n .

A f w i m ple J pa e se e xample s m y
e s a t be nut of pl ce h ere i a no o a : n

e ac h c as e it is e sy t o gue whi c h me i g corre s po d t o w hi h c h ra t er

a ss an n n s c a c .

fit a; t a b o th re d
re h i m e e a rth ath e o th er
c po d
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a o, on e an an , c .

F or refere ce w h v e g ive i A ppe d i ce II d III s o m e tab l e s

n , e a n n n s an

rel at ed t o this m tt er a .

Th e Te x t W ith th e e x cepti o of th e l t f w p g e s i th o s e u der

. n as e a , v z . n

th e h ead i g N EWS PAPE RS ll th e p i ece s of this v ol u m e

n t ake by k i d
, a ar e n , n

permi io of th e MOMBUSHO from s o m e E l e me t ry S c h ool Re der It

ss n , n a a s .

m ust h o w e v er b e u der t ood th t l th o u gh th e t e xt its elf h

, ,
n s b ee reprod uced a a as n

with o ut y v riati oan wh at w e m y all th e or th o g rap h y i e th e u of

a n, a c ,
. . se

k a ji for k a a or vi ce v ers
n- n h a b ee c h a g ed t o u it u co ve i e ce
-
a, s n n s o r n n n .

Tran s l at i o n A E g l ish t r s l ti o . by D n Wh ym t of al l t h
n an a n r . an e

p i ece s i this v ol ume h b ee publ ished d m y pro v e u eful but th e

n as n an a s :

st ude nt w o uld do w ell t o t ry t o m ke s e e of th e t e xt b efore s ee i g th e a ns n

t ra s l ti o
n a I order to do thi h e wi ll of cours e eed
n . n ord i ry s, , ,
n an na

J p e se E g l ish D i c ti o r y for ll th e w ord s i ka a

a an -
n na a n n .

A l th o u g h w s uppo s e th t th e st ude t h e stu d i ed J p e s e g ram m ar a n as a an

,

w e h av e th o ug ht it w o ul d b e us ef ul t o f ur ish h im for refere ce a eede d n , n s n ,

w ith th e follo wi g n
 6 JA P AN E SE R E ADI NG FOR B E G IN NE RS .

Li s t of c
t h e Pr i n i pal Co n s tr u t io n s t h at c ar e f o un d at th e E n d
of a Cl aus e w h i c h i s n ot the e n d of a Se n t en c e .

( )
a N ou follo wed
n by the post positio n de

Ko r c wa j
o i n o n cbi dc kyon en tateta
,
no dean .

b
( ) A d j ectiv e or v erb in g erun d i al form :

N agasaki wa yasai ga ta kahate , s akan a w a yas ui .

Kin e wa k aze wo Mite misc ,

6 i kar emasen des hita .

c
( ) A d j ec tiv e or v erb in co d iti o l form
n na

Shin a m o yor oskiker eba ,

n edan m o yas ui .

Ham ni n ar n t o, han a m o s akeba, t o ri mo n tau.

d
( ) A d j ec tiv e or v er b follow ed by co j u c ti o or co a n n n j
n un c ti v l ph ra a se

such as no n i, o d n ka a o t e e spec i ll y th e u m hi
c, r : n a en e r ve w ord ki s

S akn r a ga s ai te ir u n o n i, yuki ga f utta .

Kyo wa a mm ar i . s am n i n o dc, s amp o ni dekakemas en desln ta

'

Sizin a m o ii sk i , n edan m o gas at .

a s7 m 6 ip p i lri w a n iget e shim atta .

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Ip p ifei wa
-
s hi n d n -

e
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n h e m y fi d it s n a a n

r th er d iffi c ul t t o reco g i e i a co m pou d v erb la t h t e m of um w h e

a n z n n , s
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s zr : in s , rn s

S hir oi Izan a m o a r t, a kai n o mo a r i, aoi n o mo a r i m as u .

Ucki n o ot o t o wa E i go m o han asln

-
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( if L ) Far a ns u,go m o ha n as u - .

E u gats u
-
ni n ar u t o, n aslzi mo juk u -
s ki I) ,
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s ur n .

Densha wa kon gets u t é ka Zra r a ts iz-j i kislza wa j a-zchi- m chi k ar a

' '

no ( 55 U) ,

t s zZ jita
— .

In th e s eco n d ex
ple ka a l i is th e st e m of ha a u
am n s z n s .

I th e third e x m ple ki is th e st e m of um
n a d mu t s s ,
an s n ot be co fo u ded
n n

with ki th e e u m er tiv e p rti cle m e ti o ed i ( d )

s n a a n n n .

( f ) A d j ec tiv e i d v er b i l form n a a

A tami n a n ats u wa s n zn shik n ,

fi t
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J AP A NE SE R E A D I NG FOR B E GI NNE RS .
 VOLUME 1 11 . MORE C H INE SE
'

C HARACTE RS .
9

YD] DETCHI .

N aok ich i to C h omat su wa o n a ji m is e no de t ch i de

A ru hi sh u ji n w a as a kar a yo- ta s hi n de t
i a no de ,
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ruu hite o t ok o k g fu de
.

s wo s iru to , l1it or i no n o o a wo k ai mi k it a . Ip- pon

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o o w
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n an no n as s n -
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Naokich i wa at o
'

de f ut o k i g a t s uit e ,

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To itt e , s u gu ni o k k ak e t e it t e , no ko ri no is -s e n wo wat as h it a . Kae t t e

k uru t o ,
Ch omat s u wa war at t e ,

Sak i de wa hi r a r oke b ”
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N ot es “ oi o t e t h h el l
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g av e h im of th e rem i der N ho i d i
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J APANE SE R E AD I NG FO R B E G I NNE RS .
 VOL U ME I II . MORE C HINE SE C H ARACTE RS .
11

To it t ara Nao k ich i wa, ,

S o koto g d k i u
nn a a e r m o o n ka ? H on t o no moke de na i k e
an wa

i c hi -
r n i de m t tt w ro o e a n a a- n a i.
”

“
S ore de m d a a g e nn a i -n ai k ara dam att e i re b a d rea ui m o shire wa
”
shi n ai.
-

D an n a g a o ru u s da k a r a, na o s ar a ma c hi g a i g a a tt e wa n a -
r
a n ai .

To i t t e m o , C h omats u wa m a d a warat t e it a .

At o ui n a tt e ,
s hu
ji n wa k o o k oto
n wo kiit e , Naok ich i wa sh o jik i m -
o o
n

da to h o m e t e , C h omat s u ui wa him a wo yatt a .

GAN .

T sub me w t atak ui r u t o doko k ara k a t o de k it e

a a a a na ,
n ,
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k it e t u b m e
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 J APANIB E R E ADI NG FOR B E G I NNE RS .

12
 V OLUM E III . MORE CH IN E S E C H ARACTE RS .
13

ton de kli ru de tte re t t o bu

.

. G an wa its u mo iss h o ni na , su wo t s u k utt e .

S o n o t ok i n i wa i c hi
re ts u w ha t uk h i k i wa
he wa
'
-
no g an o n ar e e , s os sa no

ui t de ik u S ore w m i hi
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.
g w a m i c hi aa i c -
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no an -
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no ik u b e t uit ik u M ta t o b u t ok i i wa g a g a t o k i u S ore wa
e s e . a n
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-
na -
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ar . tt e m s o o ai u w an r er n a a o, n z o

k ik u t o s ug u r ts u i k u w wa u d ue n a r no e ar .

G ku k
an w k iku
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n i oi . o a a s no na x , e

t uk i y u i t o b u de a u Y ok u h iii shit m o o de W i k ?
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t oku wa n air as h i i .

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” H /x
ti o ar y g iv e
g t o si g A n s [l N akn n ,
an d A n

to gree with b u t it doe

a t giv e th e co m po u d N aki au
, s Wh e
no m n . n a co

po u d is t g iv e i th e Di c ti o ry th e m e a i g
n no n n oft e b e gu e ss ed by n a n n c an n

u i g
s n l ittle co mm o s e s e ; i th e pre s e t c e th e m e i g is t o c ll ut
a n n n n as an n ,
a o

t o g e th er .

g ll
g ; K
t ‘

v
’
o i ce ; o t e th
oee by w hi h it is h e
n rd [ I w o uld s ee m e ar c a . a

more t ur l r d i c l b ut ori g i all y th e m e i g of this c har c t er w

na a a a , n s ou d an n a as , n .

g3
F 1
H a u t o b e cle ar ;r cr o t e th e u
E] a d t h b l u e k y n s n n e s .

a ? Kum u t o b clo u d y ; clou d s f u der th e u

t
or
; e
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@
HK T his co m b i ti o m y b e re d accord i g t o th e l a re d i g s na n a a n e n a n

i uk i y
s or ccord i g t o th e
-
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ge t u ya ; in b o th c e s th e m e i g is
on , th e s -
n as an n

sam e b u t th e co t ext m y m ke
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re d ing prefer b le t o th e o th er Oth er
n a a on e a a .

e x ample s of si mi l r co mpou d s $ 3 3 Z aka yo hi a ki ; fi fifl‘}

a n ar e en - , s - s
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mu A , a hi I t s om e ti m e s h ppe
rn n s . th t th e re d i g of co m pou d a ns a on a n a n

h as d i ffere t m e i g t o the ku re ad i g g
a n an n
F ] S a gat u M rc h n n ,
e . . n- s a ,

Mi t uki th ree m o ths

-
s n .
 JA P ANE SE RE A D ING FOR B E G I NNE RS .

0 55 ‘
 VOLUM E 11 1 . M OR E CHINE SE C HA RAC TE RS .
15

Yum ih ari wo m o tt e h ashir a hi t o a

g , at o k raa at o k ara to t u uit t o de ik u s z e n .

H i m o t o wa
-
U ramac hi d or i n o z aim o k u ya
- -
de m o H o c h o d o r i e uk t
, n -
n e e,

k doa no go f uk u -
y g
a a y a ke t e ir u n o da 8 6 da . A hi , no ik i oi g a iss o t su

y ok u na tta . M ata t on ari

e ut ut t k m shire i K j i b de wag u s a no a o -
na . a -
a sa

hit o nok g koko m de

oe m k ika u a o o er .

N ag i t e ki ts u uk i de k w k i k itt e i u u ui k o y
a n -
z ko o h ag h ii
,
a a -
r e ,
n a no n es

k e de w doko m de y ke t e iku k w k ar ai S h i wa ui ka a k m i
az a, a a a a a n
-
. a se z -
a

de shi d g o j i
, an n a uc hi wa d o da e ?
a, -
s an no r

D da shit b i u i
an -
n tt e k it e u hii Sakk i k ara mo u
a- i j i k a m t at u
na res .
-
n o s

k r shi g j i k k m yak t a d e
a a, -
o- -
o o e ar .

O ji -
u c hi e mi m i
s an no i itt u g k a tt h shi u
a i y o y o n a n -
s an a e e n o an a ,

kom e y -
d e de t m t t ga f ut m u e
a no oz d e u c hi
o hit o m u e w
a a ,
a- n no oz no ,
-
n a

t ot e y k Y k ub wa s i w i i y ke ak t t Issa i
'

ahi t o da
o- o c a s . a h ui a a a u a -
n a a. no s or

y a k i k u
ro u i m mi b u j i de tt a t o i ko t o d
-r
o na a n a .

N ot e s ” o ce e o o to
e
TIE .
; ti th Hashi m
t t th b tt m w h v r un n a a e a a

m an w ith le gs st ret c h ed f p r t i ru i g w ith b i g str i de s ar a a , . e . nn n .

Q N uk u t p ull ut ; do e with th e h d th erefore t k

fi er o o n an , e- en .

g H oi po w er s t re g th ; o ti ce t th e b o t t o m
g
’

n ,
n n a .

9 S a waga t o b e e x c it ed ; h or e s er e c le
g? v y x it b s ar e a .

© 1116 i jika m tat u k a a

n -
Th e m e i g of m e is alr d y ; m h a
n o s r . an n ,
ea o s

a s l i ght e m ph ti c force I f m were su ppre ss ed th e e t e ce w ould sti ll b e

a . o ,
s n n

correc t th oug h le ss e m ph ti c
,
a .

Q M i m a i i i tta it a ga k a tt n ha a hi ml n Th e w ord s
-
g n ha a hi e e no n s . no n s

re f er t o ii a th oug h th ey
n -
s s ep r t ed by th e w ord s ga ka tt
n, Fore i g ar e a a e e . n

ers w o uld prob b ly fi d th e follo wi g co st ru cti o e si er t o u derst d

a n n n n a n an

mi m ai ni i tte ki ta n ii -s an no han ashi 92 13 .

0
5
52 Z f’ (
i fi Sim s)
4

1 Z 6
( b fifi
a .
16 JAPA NE SE R E A D ING FOR B E G INNE R i
 JAPAN
E SE R E ADIN G FOR B E G I NNE RS
18
 VOLUM E I II . MO RE CH INE SE CH A R A CT E RS .
19

ch us a fu e g u A w b a hi ke de u C h u a a wa e m achir
na n a ar . re a s ar . s n s n o a

k hi
oc w ra ko g i m w t t i u
o -
a a e r .

Oki h e k r k u k u u tt
no f u e g h ait t kur u S hiro i h o w ge t
a a ro n a n a e . o a a

h k k bu e m
o a e- ik u t u t o
n k u h it t ku u
o s na a e r .

S h Om i u en i h n t t u k is e wa h ik i i i k ite k i w
ar u -
on a h it
en o s n o n s r n o n ar s e

i u
r .Im ui h upp
a s uru de e
s an no ar .

H t ob a m igi a i t u it
no i u k is e w im im t u w
n h it i u
s e r n a a n o s o or os e r .

H i d ri te
a - k is e wa i m im t u w ts um i ko de i u Ok i
no n k ik i de
a n o s o -
n r . na a ,

do nn ao m o i im t u de m r k u r k u t o g oro h i w hit e i u M i g i
n o s o, a -
a a e- s o s r . no

he ki
no de w s k k i k r ushi w am b i k i t o k u t u u h i
se n a, a h it a a o n -
na s r s -
c r os a .

O h it
ro s im t u w a sugu i k ur um
n o s i t um mi h ik
a t ik u u a n n os e e , a as e e .

A rew t i h ba e ok u u
e s ade e a r no ar .

“
N ot e s THEE . fir st c h r c t er h a s e v er l m e a i g s ;
Wa -
sen : th e a a s a n n on e

of th e s e is J p th e s eco d c h ar c t er m e
a an : b o t Th e com po u d m e s n a an s , a . n an ,

J p e s e ty le b o t
a an -
s O l y e x per i e ce a t e a h w hi c h of th e v r i o u m e
a . n n c n c a s an

i g s of
n c h r c ter is t o b e t ke i
a a a
y p r ti c u l r c e N o t e h ere th e a n n an a a as .

i tere sti g a m ato old am e for J p

n mp u d
n
k in co Y o n an n a an .

9 7 th e ffi g ; i th e m i d st li of th e w t er a ui i th e ope
211]
p O D n a , s n z ~
. e. n

© Ho kake bun e
- -
s il h a ,
an g bo t
, a ; i . e . s i l in g v e ss el
a -
.

9 17m m! t o o o n ak u z k azoe r ar e -
n ai h d .

O
w
N a mi w v e th e sk i or s urf ce of th e wat er a —ui
a n a , s n z .

© T umi ko mu t o lo d t o put i t o ; i
s -
t o load th e v e s el t o put c r g
a ,
n . e. s ,
a o

i to th e v e ss el
n .

K mu t o cro wd i t o T hi c h rac t er is
o t of C hi e s e ori g i it n . s a no n n ,

w i v e t ed i J p
as n n d h a th erefore n on re d i g
a A o th er co m m o
an an s no a n . n n

c har c t r of Jap e s ori g i is

a e Hatak an e n J e.
 J A I ANE SIJ R E A
’ '
‘
D ING FO R B E G I NNE RS
2 0

J ' .
 V OLUM E 1 11 . MOR E C H IN ES E CHAR A C TE RS .
2 1

KAJl YA -
.

Bok u no k in j o ui t o sh iyo ri n o k aj i y -
a g a a tta . S e g a t at a k u , m e g a

s ur u dok ut e , c h o tt o mi ru t o osor os h ii g a, it at t e k ida t e no yas a s h II rO ji n

de a tt a .

“
To n t e n k an ,
t on t e n k an .
’
To m ai-as a h ayak u k r a a deshi wo a it e ui

tsuc hi wo u ts uo to g a k ik oe ru . I c hi -
n i c hi m o ya s u n da k ot o g a n ai. B oku
wa t ok i -
dok i so o n s h ig o t o- b a no m ae ui t att o m it e it a . Ar u t ok i wa k gi
u

w o k os h i r a e t e i t a . Ar u t ok i wa k a ma wo k i t a e t e it a . M at a k uru m a no Wa

wo u tt e it a ko to mo a tt a . B oku de i c hi do t
n o ie -
s ur ub e no k an a -
t ag a g a

k o w ar e t a t ok i t s uk ur o i wo t da ko t o g
an on tt a a a a
g , y ok u j itsu sug u
- ui

k o s h ir ae t e k ur e t a . N ats u no do t u i hi de m
nna a s o, ase wo magashi na g ar a ,

ku re g-
a at ma de h at ar ai t e i t a . Sh ig o t o wo sh i na g ar a ,
b ok u ui i ro i ro
- na

h an as hi wo shit a oto mk u o ar . Ar u t ok i n o h an ashi ui ,

“
J ib u n wa i m ko s o ko
a nna k o g at an a ya k u gi
-
na do w o t s u k ut t e ir u g a,

N ot es . o om t ope
0 Ton ten kan n a .

g K itaem t o for g e ; o e e me t l
fi t th n a

g
fi Y O K U th e e xt follo w i g ; th e w i
n g s at th
,
e t op 22 i d i c t e th e n n n a

v eloc ity with w hic h th e f ut u re rr iv e s a .

e aga u g e er ll y m e o ro or do e er
ijfii N ss t th w n ab a i th w t b utan an n n a ,

h e e it is th e c tiv e v er b corre po d i g to t o fl w i e t o c u e th e per

r a
‘
s n n o ,
’
. . a s

s p ir ti o to fl w ; it is
a n if w e s i d h e e x uded per pi r ti o
o as a ,
s a n.
 JAPA N E SE R E A DI NG FOR BE GI NNERS
22
 V OL U M E III . MO RE C HI NE SE CHA RAC TE RS .
2 3

moto wa s uk os h i wa hit o u i s h ir ar e t a k at an a k aji -

de , w ak ai t ok i k r a a, n an

jp p
i o-
n to nak u 6 d c h i k d c hi w k it a
-
a o- a o e te . K at an a wa b ushi no t a m as h i i

to i war e t a m o o d k ar n k it u t ok i w
a a, aer a m i wo k iyo m e t e ,
is s h i f r
n - u an n i

u tt a m on o da .
”

To it t a .

It s u m o jobu -
so n a re jin de a tta a
g , k yo n e n no ku re ui shi de h im t t n s a a .

S o o
n ji b un m a de y o s o e h Ok o n i it t e ott a w ak ai m us uk g oi m de w s o o a a a n

at o w o t s uide , k ar
as a a b an ma de a ik awar a -z u,
“
Ton t e n k an ,
t on t e n k an .
”

To h at arait e iru .

K AN KOBA .

M ac h i no n i giyak a na t okoro n i a t ar as hi i k an k Ob a g a de k it a . M az u
iri g uc hi
- wo h a ir u t o ,
mi g i no he n i wa s ar a ,
h achi ,
ch a w an na do no

y ak i m on o wo ur u m is e ga ar i , hi d ar i no he ui wa zen ,
wan , h as hi n a do no

n u ri m o n o wo ur u m is e g a ar u . F ude , s um i ,
kam i na do no m is e ,
k us hi ,

Not es . 0 Hito n i shi r ar et a well o

-
fam o u
k n wn , s.

g b e areful t t o co fo u d c harac t er
t S HI, s am ur ai , a k n ig ht ; c no n n this

© Son o otta is a v er bal cl us e u ed a . a d j e tiv e ; it q u l ifi e s

. a s s an c a

m a ako s Wakai m a ako ga im a dc wa

. at w t uid his y ou g
s ha s on o o o s e n s on s

no w succeeded h i m ; o jiba mad yo o ba ke i itt otta wakai m u uk ga

s on n e s e n e s o

i m a d wa o c at w t uid his y o u g
s no w h o u ti l th e h d bee er i g
o o s e n s on n n a n s v n

hi s ppre ti ce hi p el ewh ere h

a n w s ucceeded h i m
s s , as no .

9
g
l “
T his c
A.
h ara c t er by its elf is re d M a ako th e is th erefore m ore a s ,

or le ss s u perfl uou th o ug h g e er lly dded C o m pare v ol II p 1 1 1

s, n a a . .
,
. .

g h a l itt le or m e i g h ere ; but i us ed i co o

ffi s this no mb i ti an n s n na n

w hi c h is co mm o a n on e .
 JA PANES E R E AD ING F O R B E G INNE RS
24
J A P ANE SE R E A D ING FOR B E GI NNE RS
 VOLUM E III . MO RE CH I NE S E CH A RA C TE RS .
27

W ashi tak a t o b i , , na do no yo ui o -
z or a wo t o b i m awat t e
-
, ta no t or i wo

t o r ae t e k uu t ori y ,
a ts uru , g an ,
tsu b ame do
na no yo n i, ki o k ui yo t t e s u mu
tokoro wo k a e r u tor i wa s ub e t e t s ub as a g a Ok ii . Ma t a n iwat ori , s h ichi m e n

ch o ,
a h ir u n a do wa ri ku jo-
ya s ui- jo n i b k ri a a it e ,
t ak ak u t ob a—
n ai k ra a,

so o n t s ubas a g a ch ii sa i .

Ts u u kuir a do m i u
, sa gi ,
k w ar uk u t ori w h ag i g a
na n g i z no na a o a na a .

R iku jo i i u t or i de h g i
-
n r ag i wa da h o de a u
, a D h o w c ho
no n a no c r . ac a

r ui u c hi de i c hi b
no Ok ik ut t am ag m k odo m o
an atam h odo u e, o o no a ar .

H h i u k o to w u m y or i m
as r b y ai a de ora w t ob u h it uyo w
a o i a no ,
s o s a na

k r t ub a
a a, w h a h ad
s sah ii i aH gi g nai t or i w ak u b icm g k u sa . a no .n a a a o na a ,

k ub i g i t ori wa t it e i k u h i b h i m
no na a ag i Sh ik h i k wa m i w
e c as o n a . as a se a

h gi m k u b i m mijik k ut
a o k u h ib h i b ak ri g
o a g i D ho w h gi
e, c as a a na a . ac a a

m k ub i m
o g k u t k u h i b a
o h ina d ake a
g a m i jik i e, M i u tcor i k u h ib sh i a . z - no c as

wa h i t k ut s k i g a m aruk u r i k u c h o
ra a e, a k u hi b a h w m ar uk u h k ut
,
-
no c s i a os o e,

N o t es
156 T his c h r c t er i s m uc h u s ed i th e ep i t ol ry sty le
.
0 1 a a n s a as a

m ere h ifi t erm i ti o
on or f t er v erb s or d j ec tiv e ; it i th e re d o o
c na n a a s s n a s r

an d h force b out e quiv le t t o th e mas w t erm i tio of ord i ry

as a a a n na n na

collo qui l O cc si o ll y wh e re d o o it is us ed i depe de t ly a d it th e

a . a na n a s r n n n n n

h a th e m e
s i g of t o b e an n , .

6 S aki of t e m e s th e t m it y ti p
96 d n an , ex er , ,
en .
2 8 JA P ANES E R E A D I NG FO R B E G INNE RS
 V OLUM E II I . MOR E CH I NE SE C HAR ACTE RS .
29

sa ki g a t og at t e i r u . W ashi tak a t o b i
'

, ,
na do wa uwa- k uch ib as h i g a k ot o ni

s u ru d o k ut e , y aya f ut o i . Is uk a n o k uch i bas h i wa ue t o s hit a g a k ui-ch i g at t e

ir u . S ore de “
Is uk a no h ashi n o k ui -
ch ig ai .
”
To ia k oto g a a ru .

Me no m o tt om o o s or o s h i—
g e n a no wa w ashi t ak a n o ,
r uide k ar d ,
a a no

war iai ui me f u k ur o m imi uk u

no mo t to mo O kii no wa ,
z na do de u 0 ar . no

m ijik i awa k w a m i ah i u
no do de ag i aw k i ji se ,
r n a ,
n a no a , y m dor i k uj k u
a a- ,
a

na do de u Kuj k u w t ok i dok i w Ogi g t a i hi

ar . a a -
0 e -
a n ro g t m
e eis er O ki a .

na mo o i nr u t o m o shi i
n k a de h i g
na t a ,
e no na ro e -s as e ar ,
za shik i ippai ni

na tt e t e j o e t uk u h odo de
n u s ae r ar .

UMI N O SEIBUTSU .

U mi no na k a ni wa uo ya k ai ya s o n o h ok a i ro -
ir o no deb ut s u g a ori ,

s am a -
za ma no s h o k ub uts u mo aru .

G yo -
r ui ni wa iwas h i, a j,
i s ab a , m agu ro , k at s u o na do no yo ui

m iz u no h yOm e n ui chi k a i t okoro wo o

y g
o u m o o n g a a r i, t ai , b ora ,

h am o , koc hi k is u ,
n a do no yo ni iwa no k ag e ya k ai s o no a ida wo

N o t es 0 f l as hi
of ku hi ba hi a bb re via ti o n c s .

QO hi g k is a t ermi ati o w hi c h er v e s t o for m b st r c t

S Or os -
e.
-
6 ou s n n s a a n n .

In its ori g i l form it refer s g e er ll y t o e at b le s

na d t st e e g hio—k n a a an a ,
. . s e

sal ti e ss or s l ty t st e
n I its ig i d form
a ah ere it m e a s look or
. n n or
’
e ,
as ,
n

a ppe r ce I this l tt er c as e it is g e er ll y wr itt e i k a a

a an . n a n a n n n .

Shi tai b ody ; o t e th t th e t w o co m po e ts h v e v ery si mil r

n n a n n a a

m e i gs
an n d th e m e a i g of th e co m pou d is th e s m e
,
an th t of e c h
n n n a as a a

co mp t I th e pre vi o u s v ol um e w e h v e
an e n n lre d y m t c e s l i ke thi a a a e as s :

m
.

a ho
t
nh
S hi m
g B na on o, s .

9 Hi i wi de i g m t o s pre d d iff er o l y i t h t h ;
g d
IE H ro an ro e a ,
n n e e- en

s pre d i g is of t e do e w ith th e h d
a n n n an .

j 9+ T h e is of t e o m itt ed ; s ee p 2 5 n . .

(g

03
m
Sh k u to pl t ; o t e th e k i h
o an n -
en .

Oy gu t o s w i m ; w r itt e of co urs e w ith a

5k o ui n s n-z .

I wa rock ; appropr i at el y writt e w ith

L“ d
E n an ,
 VO L U M E III M ORE C HI NES E . CHARACTE RS .
3 1

o yo g u m o o n g a ari , e i, k reia ,
bi r am e na do no yo n i, so k o no s un a- 3 1 n i

s h iz un de ir u m o omn o a ru .

G yo - ru i no h ok a n i, ebi ,
k an i ,
t ako ,
ik a na do g a sun de iru . Eb i no
pin

pin h a n e t ari , ka n i no y oko n i h att e r

a uk u y o su wa, i k e ya k awa ni s um u
m o o t o c hi g w
n i a a -n a ga , tako ya ik a no a shi wo s or o e t e o yo g u s am a wa

m ko t o i m h i i
a n o os ro .

As r i h m g uri a ,
a a ori a na do Wa s un a ya doro no ue ni ,
s az e, k kia na do
W a iw i t ui t i u
a n K k i wa ug u i f u u m o o de m o o
s e r . a s n er n ,
n ui t s uk e b a,

na k k h a are i G u k an ya k i e wa t o k i do k i k k i w
a na-
a n -
na . n ,
s n -
a o k kia -
o t os a

na k b
e re ra i h odo de a u M t a hi ju g i t o i m o o ga
a na -
na r . a s n -
a n n a r u. Yu b i
wa y er i do m e
a do i b am eru u t uk u h ii hi j u w k o o k i
-
na n s s s n a, n a no ka r a no

na k i ma n de u a n o ar .

M u shi ui m t ak u -u r N k de m h i i o Wa s go s an or . a a o os ro no an de ,
tak a s an
t um t t
a s ki a d e yo k t a h i w s h it e i u
no e K a hi
a no na a c o r . an z s no tam a ya

oj i m e mi s ru s g o Wa k o o m ushi
u h o e de a u M t a m o
an n no n r . a n o wo a a r t
t r i f uit i s ur u t ok i i t uk u k aim e m y h i um i
a ar s ok o n s a n o, a ar no no i wa na do

No t e s . Shizuma t o si n k an d 1756 po d n ,
ar e n a u a t r lly writt e n

with s an - zui .

QK a ki wo kaki -
otosa- na k er eba ; th e
fir t kaki is a o u it refer s t o s h ell
s n n ,

fi sh l i ke oy t ers b s ,
arn a cle s, e t c ; th e s eco d kaki is th e st e m of th e v erb kak u
. n

to scr tc h crape
a ,
s .

© E i dom b roo
’
r - l d i e s for f ste i g eck b a d or
e c h us ed by a a n n n -
n s h aw l .

QA u d a m ; this s o u d r th er co f usi g at fi r t ; th e
r no c n s a n n s no a ft er a m
i eq
s uiv le t t o m o o
a n Ko o kai ka a a ka
n i am . d n no r no n n no e ar n mea s n ,

( pe ar l ) tshi g s w hi
are c h i si de this
n sh ell ; k on o k a i k a a ar e n no r n o n aka n i

a u w o ul d m e a
r ( pe ar l s ) a i i de nthi ,sh ell re ns s .
3 4 J A P A NE S E R E A D ING FOR B E G INN E RS
 VOL U M E III . MORE CH INE S E C H A RACTE RS .
3 5

Ni ppo n n i wa y am a g a oi . D o n o y am a n i mo k i g a y oku s h ig e t t e iru .

Matsu su gi hin ok i , , na do g a ic h i m e n n i h ae t e iru no wa me g a s am er n yo

na kokoro m oc hi g su u H ru w h -
ki w
a m m iji de y am a
r . a a an a, a a o , no

na g m e w t ok i dok i k w r u Tokoro dokoro mi shiro i u o w

a a - a a h it .
-
n n o sar as a

yo t ki y t i g w g
na a tte iss o y m
a an -
k h ik i w h ik it at u
a a a a ,
a a n o es o er .

N i ppo i w k w g oi n n B y i a g re w i
a k daa k u d tat i k u . a a na a o a n o a e no

y a, h isuk k w
z a w h k
a na k b u e a b t t ik u o w m r u de e
o a i e -
n no no o e no a, a n

k it yC de u K w
a a ) u i k ke t h ashi h ashi
ar . a a shit no i t t t tsu i
e n a a ,
no a n a e
'

w o uru hit o
s do s ore ore k w na k hi k i w
,
t i u -
z a a n o es o s oe e r .

N i ppo k u i mi w h run no ts u ki fuy u k w ru g aw ra iro iro

n a a ,
na ,
a ,
a a -
a -
na

h an a g s k i i ro ai ro taor i g,
k u I c-
hi j u k
na r r i t o h t hi g a a na .
-
n en - a a are a

Ck u t e t uki y
,
s g m e m u t u ku h ii
~
o no na a o s s .

HATARAKU K OTO WA HlTO N O HOMBUN .

N iwat o ri g a t ab i t ab i -
na ite ,
hi g a ag at t a . H it o w a m in a n e do k o wo

h an ar e t a .

N ot es .
ga s am e r u . C o mpare th e Eng li s h e x pre ssio ey e pe e n -
O n
"
r

t he b e auty is s o g re at as to c au se usrpris e su .

HJE
Q JVagamer n to V iew ; n o t e th e ey e a
G3
5 Hm Ru m
( El fi li H k dé
{fi g ,
M i/ k
fi g] K: é l k a u ,
e ta a, za u,

j E
g :
K k by k
) B AK U h
( o ndred E l i
la uH y k k é
) Y un ,
a us .

Gk
? 86
(fi g S é hé S éb ) ;
g 86
(7k fi S i é
g c ,
an us ,

Xfi )
’
Sék l a .

g
ft K (fi fl:
i H k
) fE
; Z K A
(n fi K f 72 3 67m
) E
; en a A a an ,
$
(fi g Gi k
fi gfi K m t
) n a, a o su .
 J APANE SE R E AD ING F O R B E GINNE RS
3 6
 VOLUM E III . MORE CH INE SE CHA RA CTE RS .
3 7

H ah a wa daidok or o de
k k ri c hi c hi w h y a
a s a- m e shi n o s h it a k u n i a a , a a

m l se uw t tn1 sh o b i
s yaom u ki e w h i a b t i u
a M c hi w d
no d o s r e e r . a a an -
an

h it o d o ri g oku
-
tt e ku ru m m t o ri u m m t o ru S h imb u y w
a na , a o ,
a o . n - a a

sh im b u w fi
gy y y
n fi wo, fi
gy y u w i
n i i h a
-
i t a tau shit ea r u k u n o e- e n s a .

D ik u w a k gi i s k W ko t e ishi y
a no o w r o mi k j i y w ts uc h
,
a an a ,
-
a a n ,
a -
a a i

s bi t t e y w h ri s ore ore
a -
a a d og u w m o tt e m i m i
a ,
-
z h ig t no o , e -
e no S o o n1

k k ru Mur de w o i g k uw w k t uid t mb o e deru t ok i de

a a . a a n n a a o a s e, a

ar u .

Ga kk o de Wa m o j u g yo g a h a Jl m at t a . Y ak u s h o de m o, k a ish a de m o,

ue r ka a shi ta m ade , i ch ido s or o t t e jim u ni t ori -

k ak ar u . H e ishi wa r e m pe ib a

e m uk a i t ab i b ito
,
-
w a t e i s h ab a e i s og u .

H it o no s h ok u
gyo n i wa i ro iro -
at t e , m in a m e i-m e i no S h ig o t o wo shit e ,

m ai -
n i c hi h a ta r a it e i ru no de ar u. H a t ar ak u ko t o g a ,
na k er e ba s h ok u m o t s u

m o k aw a re -
n ai shi , k im o o n m o k o s h irae r ar e -
n ai . H it o no ko fuk u w a m in a

jib un no h at ar aki de u mi d -
a u s h ok a wa n ai . N an i m o Sh i -
n ai de ,
a s on de

ir u no wa raku na yo n i mi er u g a, k ae tt e k uru s h i i m o o de
n ar u . H at ar ak u
kot o wa hit o no h om bun de a ru .

“
a T
N o t esh o ugh it .h t g o t t hi s m e i g h ere th e u s u al as no an n ,

m e i g of th i c h r c t er is b r c h i
an n . w i de e e ; a d m y b e u ed of
s a a ,
an ,
n a s ns n a s

su c h thi g s b r c h o ffice b r c h ( rail w y ) l i e H l s o m e s b r ch

n as an ,
an a n . a an an ,

b u t i th e rrow s e s e of br c h of t ree ; o t e th e ki h
n na n Th e s e tw o
,
an a n en .

c h r c t er
a a b oth re d S HI ( i
s ar ei
i; S hi t
i fifi S hi a
fi g
a S hiy
) en , i n ,
o .

9 — S UN u it of le g th
d ( d S um p ) n
fl S O N G
TE S a n ho
H ,
“

ii ?
g
o
“ nc ,

) —
33 ? ) S
(
S on r aku Rin s on i in ce5, 1 Ra m
S HU , S U i
/
¢
, ; .

8
36 EU Fuj zn ,
I ji q ) fl
; F
(fi é F /)
g 5 u U u .

9
55
7 K6 (fi Kéts zz
” C G i k
) BE K G k k
158
3 7
'
6
,
3 ; a o a o,
3 8 J APANE SE R E AD ING FOR B E G I NN E RS
 VOLUM E III M O RE CH IN B E CH A RA CT E RS .
3 9

MlZ U TO K A RA DA .

Wa rere w i c hi i c hi m m i u w om
-
wa a i ko t o w
-
n i Mi u w o z o n a- n a a na . z o

n om i ko to wa tt e m mi u
a- n a m jit t a mo o y mi u wo, ma t z no a a n a, z o ze e

k hios t m o o w ku c hi i ire
r ae a ni k ot o w o i n -
na a na .

Yu h a shi r u
,
c uim wa iu m ade m
, ,
s i S ke y u y
on o sh oyu m o na . a a s a o

m e shi y m ochi y k shi m

a mi u g a k b a dek i i Kud m o, m z .
a na e re a -
na . a on o o,

m i u w f uk u d or i y s i i m m i u k g
z o n e ,u a a n o - z -
e a ar .

W re w r w m i
a -
ka w
a e r i ku c hi w u u gu M at tok i dok i
a a -
as a o o a a ,
o s s . a -

yu i h
n i u Tok
a r i dok i y u
. i h i r i t-
o k ar d g k i t k u ar u
u K it a a-n a ,
a a a an a n . a

na k u ru t o by ok i mi k k ri yas ui M t a re i ui y ok u y k ai ui y oku w
na ,
a a - . a s -
a s -
a

h if u w t uy k u shi
o s h i t g t t k r d w t uy ku shi k ok oro w
o ,
s a a w yak
e a a a o s o ,
o sa a a

u i su ru .

“
N ot e s .
E1 D o
(i bfifi Dé buts u ,
fi g] Un do ,
fi g] Kats ud o ,
a
i f]? Jid és ha
) fij) D o
(gyfi R d a a) .

e S him s ou p j ui ce ; w ritte n ly
ff ,
n at ur a l w ith s an - zui .

KA
(fi g Kayztsu ,
Kekka
) ; KA (i ? Kashi ,
x
i Cleaka
)
.

G
éfi Kao f ce ; co m p re a
a a Kaskir a h ead , .

(i ts? K
i f; Kiké
am
g Kifi ?
fi a fi
’

X I i m ocbz , , »

F KI
) I (Ii a f—
t
i }? Kislza ‘ Kis f
‘
Den ki ,
é
( iflg en , fi l J é l i
) c .
40
J A P ANE S E R E A D ING FOR B E G I NNE RS

a
r E
e o

E s fi
o
m u
a

a
m m
a fi
a m fi
s b
f
s
e u fi
t t é

s a k .
.

c i c

a n A

n d m
? t 6 s
é
W é
R k
e R
e a
6
f fi
 V OL U M E III . MO RE CHIN E SE CH A R A CT E RS .

43

wa i c hi -
bu b ak ar i s h i k a na i . Ke r e do m o hit o - t s uk i b ak ar i no c hi i
u n w a,

m in a -s an no ko -
yub i h odo no ok is a n i na ri , i ro mo h a ji m e wa k uro i a
g ,
dan dan k awat t e
-
a o -Ji r ok u n a u. r
K a eri t at e - k r a a, s h ik ir i u i s h ok u m o t s u wo s ag as h i t e it e , k uw a no h a wo

y a u r to s g ,
u u k ui h ajime r u
-
. C h iis ai jib u n wa
yawa r ak a na h a wo k o m ak ak u

k itte yar u a
g , ok ik u na u r to ,
e da no m am a ya r u . K utt e shi m an t o a a t ma
wo u g o k as h it e , sh ik ir i n i k uwa no ha wo t a z u n e ru . Ok i na ko g
k ai a

t a k us an de k uwa h w k u u t ok i i W ki
no h ui
a m g o n a, no a a e a f ur i—k k ru a a

y o a o t o ga uru S o o koro i
n s ru t o i m m bi k i
. k ai ko w k u
n n na , n -
a - no o a n o

ui hit o h i t i t uk i k ir i de or mu u him a m
s ai h odo i
-
h i i ne r o so as
, g , n .

K i ko g k uw
a h w k uu
a wa y a u i ju
no
g i c hi ak r shi juo no ,
o os o - -
o-n a a -

n i c hi ai d
no de o o i d i i c hi i c hi k f ut uk ut u mu u k o t o g
a , s n a a n -
n a s a z s ne r a

y t
o- a b i u N mu u t b i i k w w
ar . e u gi k e t e r shi m i mi wa k r d g a
a n a a o n - a ,
a a a a

suk i t ot t-
m i eru e .

K o o t ok i ki n da y w ar do de t uk ut t m b u h i e ut u h it
no e a a na s a i
a s s s e

y aru to k u c hi k r ut u k u h ii it o w da h it k ar d w ts uts umu S ore g

, a a s s o s e, a a o . a

ui -
i chi
s an - n u c hi i de k i g t t m y u i
no ru K aik o n k uc hi -ak a a e a n na . no no n a

N ot es th e pers on s t o wh o m I am a ddre ssi n g m ys elf ;

. O Min a -
s an yo u,
as this p i ece is t a ke n fro m a S c h ool R e a der m in a s an refe r s t o th e c hi ldre n ,
-

w h o ar e usi n g th e Rea der Z IIin a—s an n o ko yubi hodo n o okisa ab out as b i g

.
-

as y o ur l itt le fi n g er .

7K
© T co o u s u ll y re ad K
®fi his m b i ti is 7a na n a o no- -
z .

©
c B6
( ga p
s B é ky a ku
fi g; n a
) If:
; B 6
( g lt
‘
,
Ta ba ,
It
s
)
B é at u ; s Bo
( gi g S hit ubé
) s .

a
n B ox
( Ff L
Z - H ib
) ; H AN
(H i S kupp a
)e on
m m n .

Q
HE N ma t o s leep
e ; o t e
ra th e e y e n .

© ’ S AK U
B E (W
E? / é S ak kon , W
EE] S a kzgzts u
) fE; f / S AK U
011 ? 54 S
’ S eis ak u
k um otsu ,
fi jg g S ak ubun ,
fl fg ) .
 JAP ANE SE R E A D ING FOR B E G INNE RS
44
 VOLUME III . MORE CHINE SE CHARACT E RS .

ni wa ku d g h it t u u S o o k ud k ra d as u b t t h iru g
Ch iis ai a a o s ar . n a a ne a a s a

s ot o e der u t o s u u i k w i t it o i ru
g de u
n a a e n na n o ar .

M yu a k k i ko w
no na ag i t o aru Kai ko g m y u w t u
a no a a s an n . a a o s

k utt e k r h t uk m ri tatsu t o
a a a s i
a
g g c h o
a y o
a a k t h i u i tt e , s an a a no n a ac na ,

m yu w y b ut t de t e k uru
a o a K ore w k ik o
e g to i . o a no a n .

G g deru
a t o itao g a t ore i k r m d ,
de i u c hi i m u shit e gi
-
na a a, a a -
na n s an a

w o k h it o ite s ore k ar m y u w ite it o w toru

o r os e ,
de u G w
a a o n o no ar . a a

m y u k ra deru t o y g t
a a t m g w u de, m m a ak u sh i de
a e h im u
a a o o n ,
a o n n s a

k r
a a, de t e k ur u t o sugu ui k m i u i o it e t am ag w umi t uk
,
a u no e n o o - s e s as e r .

So o t m
n w u m i t uk a t k m i w
a ag o o shi t o i
-
s Ip p ik i de y
es se a a o s an r an -
n .
-
o os o

shi g by k u h odo
-
o -
at m g w u mu n o a a o o .

K i ko w k u a w h am t o
o ats u t o
a ki
no a do de h m g
a n a no s n -
,
a -
o,

na ts u g ki g to i
-
o, a g a
-
u XV
o g k u i wn m u k shi
na k a ra a y o s r . a a n a a an no

s ka
a n na —
k i de i it o w g ik k u e u i d asu hi mo o d i i chi de u
u k n ,
a a o r -
s n a- n no a -
ar .

N o t es “ —
I : p i pe ; pr i m itiv e p i pe s w ere de of b a m b oo
é KAN k uda
i
. , ma ,

‘
th erefore C o m p re E KAN g i t fi g
’
take- k ammur i . a
( : Kan r its u ,
Kan

fi g ) g 4 KAN (fi g T6 75750 71 t
?? i Kan r i
)
s7
a6, B ukan :
; , . .

QS an agi to n ar u in ord i ary co v er atio m

n n s n
’

n ar u w ould b e m ore t
na u a rl .

Q Ha r u go z go -
is an abb re vi ti o of k aiko a n , v iz .
,
th e l ast s y ll ab le 750 in its
g
’
n i or i e d m for .

fi
g Yas lzin a u to n ou ri s h ,
re r ; a n ot e a to e at , at th e b o tt om of
th e c harac t er C o mpare
.

fi
g
; Yo
(fi fi S eiyé,
ji fi é Tai o
y , g
fi flli
m) fi (g? a u) (g g fi?
g ;
i
u
g
33 5 7 Y s Ya Yé ik u , 1753 7172 ,
23 5
7
J ig
/6

Q
g flj Ur i das u -
h ere m e an s t o ex port .
JAPA N E SE RE \DING F O R B E G INN E RS

J \
 VOLUM E 111 . M ORE CHI NE SE CH ARACTE RS .
47

HANA NO SAMA Z AMA = .

K oko ni s ak ur a no h ana g
h ana i w it ut u no b a a ru . Sak ura no n a s s en

g a a tt b
e, no O ki
en t t i usa M a
g t y
a s
okaono
u b w m t t k u
s or o e r . en a a a

b t u b t u
e s -
i na tt i u k r
e s n h it t u e ut u r i t o ri b ana su ko t o g
a a, d ki uo s z s n -
a e r .

B en no i r o wa shi r o ma t a wa u u m m i d g k u no i r o w i s -
o o ro e, a a ac .

Um momo na shi na d o no h ana m ak ur a no y o i b

e, , g y ok u o s n cn a

tt
s o ro i u g
e r mam y a f uji no h ana no b
a, e W i i d u T u t u ji en a a - z or o e ar . s s

no h ana w m i r u t o b o w tt i u g m ina h it t u mi na tt it hik i a

en a s or o e r a, o s e e, s

k a na
-
k b ere t o ri h
a u ko t o g a d k i na i
-
an as M a t a y ur i y yam e no h ana e -
. a a

W a g k u
a no i r o g b a t o h i t t u iro d
a un o s -
e ar .

Gk u no h ana w t tt hi b t m iru t o k c ia g ua
o o e s s or z r ra e e i n1 e- e o

k wat t i u
a e Sono k t a h i mo ma t a m m d u M am no h ana
r . a c sa a-z a a e ar . e
‘

W 8.c h o no k t h i W shit i u shi a ac g a0 no h ana W j oego no ryo ,

a sa o a

na k t h i W
a ac hit e i u 0N a y a d a i kon no h ana W m i ru t o b
s r .
g 0 ,
en a

No t es 0 Th e fi rst s e n t e n c e r e f e r s to a p i c t ure in the S c h oo l Re a d e r

fr om whi c h this p i e c e W as t ak e n .

I;
n To Z U
F
( fi
i Tf u
,
ji g D a i u
) a
; T o o ,
-
z ,
Z U
(fla ga S en

$
/

do,
55 ) V
Z aisa ; i
(Fj i
To i Toka
fi f e? D a te
) , n .

R uss
(fi fij
l Gyé r etsu,
§U $ Resslza, Rekkoku
pi g” ,

Chin r et s u
) (fi gg RE TS U Har e su t
) f }! i
RE TS U
(2 4m 1 B ppa 5
e
!
a ,
J

Cha m
j: Resshi ,
fay!
) “
r .
 J A PAN E S E R E ADING FOR B E G INNE PS
48
 VOLUM E III MORE C HINES E C HARAC TE RS . .
51

Fur uto n t o iu hit o ,

ma t a k e r e we k u ruma ni eye shit e k is h a We k o s h ir a e t a
no wa Ig i r is u no S u ch i bun s e n t o in hit o de ar u .

Ika naru h at s u m e i me i chi -

de ya ni -
d o no fu s iko d
-
e e k i W 0 k qk u yo
c wa d e k i—aga r u m e n e de w a nai . Fur ut e n g a k u fu u i k uf u we k as an e t e

t s uk ut t a s a ish o no f un e Wa Fu ran s u no S é n u —
ga w a ni uk ab e t a a
g , f uk o ni

mo s u gu n i s hi z un de s h im at t a . Fur ut on wa k r e e ni —
e de r e k a z u , s ar a n i

a t a r a s h ii k i kan W 0 Igir is u n i c hum e n shit e, ma ta h it ots u no fu ne w e t s uk u t t a .

Ke n o ta bi wa dai jeb u to k an gae t e ,

“ '

N an gatsu nan n i c hi
- -
h at su - k o kai we

s u ru kar a ,
nan i -
bit o n i mo j es e n no n e z e mi ni eji r u .
”
To i a ko t o we

s h i m b un -
sh i ni k ek e k u shit a a
g , s e ne hi ui na tte j es e n s hit a m on o wa

Wa z u ka ju i-
n -
nin n i Su gi -
na k at t a .

K
t k i m uk h i su un d a k i ri d y g t ug k naku n tt
e no o e s os s e, a a e e a- a a. g a,
h i b t m ir u t ki kan no i c hi —
bu i k h a tt a no d s g we
'

s ra e e o, u u n es a e,
g c) sor e

n a osh it S on no c hi w nan no s wa ri mo naku by ak u—g jfi mai r

a . e a a
‘
,
e- -
a W0

s an ju u i jikan d h ashitt a K
- - -
W k ii t k r ma d Fu u t
e w W . or e 0 e, e e e r en e ar at t a

hit o bit m oi i k h i hit m ina s ono s i k o W y k d t iu

-
e e n
'

an s n s e, e 0 e re en a o ko t o
de ar u .

Not es St v ns
. G Ful t o n Uk ab m t o fl oa t ; no t t h w a t r
. @ e e en. e e e e ,

s u ui
n -z Od . ku t b s urpr is d fr i g ht n d ; th r is t h
or o o am r a s on
e e ,
e e e e e s e e

r f rr ing this t h s th i h t
for e e
E, a r i f o f rr
or s eg th c a r a c r e e s or re e n e e

Sa waga t b x c it d o p 1 5 © 0j i u v r b f o rm d by dd ing t h
e e e : se e . . r e e a e

mod i fi d f m o f um t an
e or r ad ing ; s l II p 1 71 o ©S/i m 7m on M e see vo .
, . . z n S -

= S bi m bu O
E? K KU tn . in f o r m ; no t th mo u th
e ® Th c h a ra c t r s f
o e e . e e or

c rt a in f o r i gn un its
e o bt a i n d by a dd i ng D t t h l f t o f an xisti ng
e ar e e o e e e

c h a rac t r thu [hj I hi ( in c h ) fr om S U N ( u n it o f l ng th ) ;

fi ya F
‘ “
e : s nc t e a e

( f eet ) fr om
R S H A K U ( u n it o f l ng th ) ; [IE J f
l ai u ( m i l ) fr om i R I ( u n it e r e

o f l ng th ) ; [lg T ( t ) f om ifi on a cc ou n t o f its r a d i ng TON with o u t

e
fi on en r e , ,

an y r f r c t t h m an ing © 2; KAN
e e en e
52 o e K e
a li
) (Ei
; l G EN
.

( ti5 1 ns z n l
i
{i flaw
‘
Gen slze ,
} ,
Kagen
) .
 V O LU M E III MORE CHINE SE CHARA CT E RS
. .
53

w aka i tok i ka ra k i kan no ko t o i k uk t t ga s ub ri

S uch i b un s e n wa n a ar a a ,
e

no y i kuru ma w e u b r i no y i é u no u d ha hi a
e u yo ui
s e hita r a e r r e e s r s er s

y ko o t i
ar c h i y s ono
o, ko tno b aka r i k g t it
-
a Sa
a t ik u d o mo i k u d o an ae e . e - -

m t uk u i
e s h it ts ui i s ono m k ut k i w t ass ra ko t o g d k it
r -
n ao s e, n o e e a a e a .

S ono ko r o Ig i i u no u kaish a d b a sh a t ts ud o w k h i yo t o i u
r s ar e e e os ra e

h anashi g a tt a g Su h ibu a no h t um i sh it a k ish a w m h iit m iy o

a, c n se n a s e e oc e

to iu ko t o i natt S u h ibu n wa s ono ka i h a ui t e, m a t t t ud o wc ns en s an e re e e s e

shik i s ono u W h a hi u k ish a w t uk ut t

, e e s r e s a .

Iy o iy o t ts u d o g d k it
-
kish a no un t n w
e hit mi ru h i i n a r u t o
a e e, e e s e n ,

shi h o kar a no k m b ut u n i n w k u mo no g t k u at u m t t a
-
e N aka i wa
s -
a o o s a . n

kisha t k yo o s uru t um i d um u i no tt k it a hit o mo

o s us Yag t er e, a e ar . a e,

k ish a g u gok i d a su t o b a j o no hit o w

a h ik i i u i mu c hi w
-
u tt ,
tt a s r e e as e e

m it a g i c h i j ika ui ju g m i u mo h a h i u k is h a t W d o shit k ye o g
a, -
n -
o- a r s r o a e s a

d kiyo ? K m b ut u ni n i h ido w s ono b ay a i no t o

e e sono ik i i no u m jii
-
c a ,
s o s sa a

no n i d it e e re a .

Not es . G Th e ord e r of th e c h a ra c t e r s in a c om p oun d s om e ti m e s a ff e c ts

m e an ing
s om ti m s i t d no t th us
g ?“ B m an d
XH
EI E R ib
'

the , e e oe s : en en

m an pr a c ti c a ll y t h s am c on v n i n c ; b ut
e
% B a ha m a s a h o r s
e e e e e
J $ s e n ,
e

d a w n v hi cl whi l
r e S l aba m ane, v h i cl an d h or s s e z e s, e es e .

Q TE N t o r v o l v ; no t t h w h
fi l
E e e e e ee .

@
i UN IIn m m ;
-

) a? U N
(g ? Un ka ,
$
5? Kolcu un ) ; -

i DO N
(i fir
g Don ten
)
.

]
e
m Gotok u s,p c ian a d j e c ti ve
a ll y i n t h l it r a r y u e s d f or c om pa r is on s e e e e

sty l ; it c orr s pon d s t

e a yo m o f o rd i na r y c o ll o q u i a l
e o n ,
'

Q Km t o c om p t r a c ; w c an r
fi th tw o c om p tit o r th i
e e, l g s e e s ee e e s, e e

a e cl a r b ut d on t in v sti ga t o th r d t a i l t oo cl o s ly C om pa r R
’
r e , th e e e e e s e . e

Km 6
Kyadaz Kata
51513, (33 5725
1
) E3 Kyé s é fi gfi
5:
Kr e Km
’
1
, , ,

Kyébai ,
fi g Ke ibu ) .
 RE AD I FO R B GI NNE RS
E
IA I A S E SE
’ ‘
NG
54
 VOLUM E 11 1 . M O R E CH INE SE CH AR AC T E RS .
55

MUKA SH I NO TAB] .

Teka i d o to itt a no w E d kar a Ky o t o

M ukashi h u ka i d o d a e e ne or e,

oy by
os oak i u
j y r i s ono
u- n a i d-
a i g j
-
f s an
e- t g i
,
t o i t t omo na h u k b n o~ 1- -
su e, s u a

g ag j fi s
o-an a tt a I
-
c hi n i c hi no y t. i w jfi r i u t u -
t o m it jfi i n i c hi r e e e -
z s e, -
n -

h o d o k k tt S g i ma w a s a no k yuk o h d To ky o w h ut t t u
a a a. or e a a -
re s s a e e s a s

sur b a b an mi w h aya Ky o t o i tsuk u ko t o g d k i

e ,
a T ih na h ig i n a e ru. a en c a

d w na i k ?
e a a

M uka hi no ry ok o i w i i nang i
s ko t o g a tt n J og hac hi r i
a re -
re na a a. e -

no H akon y ama mo k e- k b na r a F ji ka w a Oi ga w a T yfi gaw a

oe n a -
ere a -
z u, u -
,
-
,
en r -

na d o mo s ono kor o w h a hi g
,
k t t ka r a h it o no ka t a g r uma i no tt a ri
a s a na a a ,
- u n

w t h i b un
a as i no tt ar i shit w t t t no d a tt a
-
e n Hakon h a c hi i w u me a a a o . e -
r a a

d m k su g ko s i ko s a r u Oi ga w a T o iu ut n d o m att a O ”
e e e a, u u e n - -
. a a e .

Not es T his h r t “ d E l ik symb o l

IE c a a c r i t h e kata-k ana
’
. e s re a e I .

Whi c h is d r i v d fr om it e e .

Q T ugi p o sti g st a ti on on t h
s o ld T ek ai d o
n -
e r oa d b twe ee n . To ky o ( th e n
c ll d E d ) an d Ky o t o
a e e .
0

© S p o t i g ta ti on i ; p e rs ons
4§
r
HU KU yad ,
t o s n -
s , nn no e on e h u n dr e d

4 u n d e r a r oo f H -fi

a
tai S huttatsu t atsu is u d h r se e e as if it w e e r an on r e a d i ng o f j
whi l in r a l ity it i a ku r
e e S ewd att
s th r v rs n e a d i ng I n . e e e e e

o c u rs T AT S U i t h
c : r a d ing o f an d th r f or i n v a r i ab l
s e on bu t it is e e e e e,

tr a t d as if it w r a J a pan s v rb
e e e e e e e .

QJ eg a nt an d d s c n t
e sc e e e .

©Kata gu um a c a rr yi ng on t h sh o u ld rs
-
r e e .

O Hak hachi i t q u o ta ti on fr om a p o m If y u a on h ors b ac k

one -
r e c . e . o re e

y uo c an th 8 £ H akon
c r os s p a ss b ut t h r
e i v r Oi is~
o frt n i m p o ssib l t o e ,
e e e e

C I OS S .
56 J APA NES E RE AD ING F O R BE G INN E RS
 V O LUM E 111 . MORE CH I NE SE CH A R AC TE RS .
59

BUN(iYO .

H it o h ako no ma t c hi w
- t ku u t k u m o naka naka
e su f uk u t u na
r e az -
za s

m on o d s o r w O z i no hit o g t w k shit ur u no d u Z im k u
e, e e e a e a e e s e ar . a o

w k ika i i k k t ji k u g i w k h i
e n a e e u m -
jik u g i w hi i k w k u
e os r ae r on o, -
e n a a as

m on o ,k w i t jiku g i no ak i
a a a y k u
-
h i w t usk u mono
e s o r a w h i tn u e s er ,
e e ens s

d k w k u mono
e a a as t h ako i i u mono ju i h ak ut u at um t
,
s or o e e n rer
‘

,
-
n -
e z s s e e

kami i ts uts u m u mono m i na or z o r

n i h ig u
, K s y o i O z i no hit o
e -
e n c a . en o n e

g a t w ek w a hit
e b t u b t u no
e s e, hi g t o
e s w -
s u r
e su ko t o w h ng yS o t o i e o e a a .

O ji n in u d
na ji ji-
kanz i m e on aw i o u r u no ni z n t a i no
on ohit o e se z s n ,
e

g a on aji hi g t o Sw u r u y eo r i m b
e u sg y O d s u ru h o g hei m n no e a s na on o

d k ib
e gae y k u t a s iz e d
o aka m e, b a r ueka i O
-
i T k u no k
e a k t t a ma t c hi n . e az a

no a t a i no y a sui no m bu gyo h o i y t t e, iz e ur u ka r a d u M o shi

n -
n e e se s e ar .

h it i no t
or d s iz e ur u na r a b a hit o t uts u m i
e e e s a s g r i n i s an -s e n s an - e n
y s o- n
-
,

u tt ew t t m
a, bik i a mono d na i
o e o n e .

Not e s 0 S AI t t j
‘A
b
? ( fi j fl
‘
a l n e S ain o S lt dsai
fih
.
, ,

fi
( kj fi Z a im oka,
dl
fi Z air yé
) .

9
1i;
5 m
(Eg g S iam
) fig (fi fig Hyéslzi
fi fig Han shi
a
S ; S ax , ,

mfi I hi
fi j:
© Th e
ns

r e a d e r with no t
, S hij é
)
be
.

s urpris e d to h e ar th a t in c e this
s ar ti c l e was
w ritte n t h e pri c e h a s g on e up

"
.

fi
a
t H AI (yi flk S hipp e d,
E55 : Haiboku
); E B AI,
E B AI
(E
E“ B aibai
) .
(i J APANP
BE R E ADI NG FO R B EG INNE RS
 V OLUM E III MOR E C HINE SE CHARAC TE RS
. .

H ito wa s ono shi n ta i , s a in o na d o ni yo t t e, sh ig toe n i t ki

e ,
f u- t ek i g a

ar u . B un gyo-
h o n i yo r t o bit
u to ,
hi -
e g a s ono mo t t om o t e k is h i t a s hi g t o e we

suru kot o i na ru n . M a ta ma i i c hi -
n on a ji s hi g t o e w e k ur ik ae s u ka ra d a re mo ,

h y k u s ono shi g
a a e to i juk u n ur u r en s . Sh it agat t e yoi s h i n am o n o g a d e k it e ,

s e iz O- daka mo Ok u na ru .

B un gy6~ h o ni y o ra
hig t o W suru ko t o i naru -
z u, h i t or i de sh u u j no s e 0 n

t o shi g t o no ut u i kawa ru ta bi go t o ui u b a sh w k a mat a k i gu w

, e s r - -
, or e e e, e

t ik
or — k b D ra na i no d m ud a i ji kan w t uiy u ko t o g Oi
ae n a e re a a -
e, n e s as a .

B u gyo h o u i y t t
n -
h it i d i h u no shi g t o
o i b aka r i kaka r u ko t o
e, i or e s -s e n n

na ru to o na t k u g h b uk t it u a i ji kan w t uiy u k ot o g na i
,
s n e az a a e e, az r n e s as a .

M a ta b u gyo i y t t h it t u no shi g t o i b aka r i k k t t i u t o h i

n n e e o s e n a a e r s zen

s o r i s ishin w k ra u ko t o ui naru kar a s ono hi g t o i t k i u u k ig u

e n e e e s , s e n e s r

no k i yo y a h at um i w s uru ko t o mo u
a r s e e ar .

K y o i b u gyo wa Ok i na i k i no u m
eno n n d a u g koko i r e ar on o e r a, n

chfi i h i k s b nar a na i
-
naowa k yOdO itc h i t o i k t d
ere a u B u gyo d
-
n -
n o e‘ e ar . n e

Not es .
“ l
fil SE I
(ffil w
fi S eigen
); SEr
(fi g S eizé ,
f ui é
‘

Was ei)
(3 2
J AP A NE S E R E ADING FO R
“

JV
l/

7 ac
 V O L UM E 1 11 . MORE C HINE SE C H A R A C T E RS .
63

r shi g to w
su u z n t ai no i c hi b ub un d
e a u ka r a
mina s o r z r no sh ig t o
e -
e ar , e- e e e

w s ur mono
eu i k yode it h i no kanga g
c n ,
k b b u gyo no m k u t k i e a na e re a n o e

w t a na i T t b t ok i w t uk u u no i
ass e r ar e - . ono k ak u b ub un w
a oe a e e s r n ,
s e

t uk u u hit o bit
s r
g m i m i ka tt na
-
h a tea c hi w t auk ut t na r
e a s or w
e e e s a ,
e e

kan z m na t ok i i k um i ta t u ko t o w d k i na i
e e n S k k k u k u r e shit -
mo er a e -
. e a e ,

sono shi g t o w nan i m na r a nai

e a n e -
.

B u m m i no shi m p o suru u i h it g i b u gyo w ma u—

e ma su h t t t u s h it s a a , n a s a a s e,

k i hi d w
on n c d onna h i m e w s iz e u ru ui mo b u g yo h o i y o ra na i
a s na on o e e s n -
n -

ko to w h t d a i M at a kokka z n t a i kar a i b n ef u no ta h a t a w
o on o na . e e a, -
e

t g y h i d a i k u no kao h u w
a a as , t k uri shen i n no buppi w b aib a i shi kan e sa ,
n e ,

k eri no ji mu w t o r i at uk i k yO h i no s it w k yoik u s u r u to w m i na
e -
s a , s e e e a

b umgy e i h oka nara u no d a u

n -
n e r .

KURABE UMA =
.

M ka shi
u ar u u ji - gami no 0 ma ts r i u ui k rab e
u -
um a no i i to in ko t o
ga a tta . So r e wa u ji k o
-
no g o k a s on ka r a ko d omo no k ish u we h it o ri
— -

No te s . O Tas ser ar e -
n ai ; t he on r e a d ing o f the c h a ra c t e r TATSU ,
f ol l o we d
by s ur u in t he n e ga ti v e p assi v e .

—
Q“
j E KAN c om pl e t e c om p a r e the m e an ing o f
75
b g i nn ing
e . Oo m

p are th e r e a d i ng s :
7C
G E N, G AN
(mi Gen ki ,
71: E] Ga nj itsu ;
) 7 1:

fi Thi s c h a r a c te r may b e r e a d m asu o r m as u—

m as u ; t he s i gn a fte r
th e c h a r a c t e r m e an s
th at h r it is t b r a d i n its r du pl i c at e e o e e e e d f o rm
m
.

9 Hata k fi ld This c h ara c t r i o f J a p an s o ri g i n

e e . e s e e . Ta ar e d is
ti g i h d fr om l atak
n u s e in th at ta h a v w at r an d Iatak h
e e e e z e av e no t . T his
a bs n c o f w a t r is in d i c at d by
e e
k e e
.

© Uj i gami go d o f t h l o c al ity
-
e .

O Uj i k d v o t o f t h go d
-
o e e es e .
J APA NESE R E AD I NG FOR BE G INN E RS
66
J APA NE SE R E A D ING FOR B E C IN NE RS
 VOLU M E 111 . MOR E C H INE S E CH A R A CT E RS .
67

ha id e shi ro no Ok i na t at ishi no m
n no u i d um a no a t ama w e ae n n ar an e, e

t s am b an da ik w i ma y a
s or o e e , h i t o ma c hi k m t i u
-
e e o se s -
a ae e r .

S am b an d aiko g na r u g b a y ai k g —hi k i no uma W iss an i

-
a a a, o a n

k k d hi t
a e Ya shi r o no m r i w
as a . h u ma d w ama r i k e o ts u w e e an a r e r e a, -
a

na h a t ta B a b a no naka h o d o ka r ik k i ok ur
. i k i ok ur t u uit -
san k i a -
e, n -
e, s z e -

ma d m e ku t m h y Kum k i h i t
e o Ai k u no f ut i d ak no k yO o t o
re e , o a a a c o sa ar e s

na tt a .

Fut i no u m w g b u —ar go b u i u u d itt a g ik no m i g i t

a a sa shi
e n s s n e a, e -
e e

kaka t ta t ok i K m ki h i no u m w t uma uit m a s h i w o tt a Kum k i l i

-
,
u a c a a s z e ae -
e . a c r

w t u u i to
a s b tt
r s ono h um i mi ko r o kor o t o k g tt ik no naka
r su e e, az -
o ro a e, e

e o chi k o n da .

A is ak u wa o dor o it e , h ir ar i t o um a ka r a t obi -
o rit e , su gu n i Kumak ich i
no e ri w e h i t t s u k an d e , g utt o k ishi e h ik iyo s e t a . Tsuk is oi n i n mo k e m b ut s u
-

n in me ki me we h iyas h it e k ak e ye t t e , Kumak ichi n i m iz u w e h ak as e r u y a ra ,

ish a we y o bi n i h as h i ru y a ra ,
ue we s hit a e no s aw ag i ‘
de ar u .

No t e s . 0 I ma ya os os ki etc . to be ( r e a d y an d ) w a iti ng i m p a t i e ntl y .

Th e f or m es es hi b e l ong s pr o p e rl y to th e l it e r a ry sty l e : i n c o ll oq ui a l yo u
w ould sa y esei . s oon a s it s ou nd d
Q N a r u ga hayai k a
155
7
A l t as e .
© er

w oo d f t ; r pr s n t d by th r
,
or e s tr s 7k Q Th c h ara c t r s E13 K Z
e e e e ee ee . e e O,
4

O r SU
16
3 H EI
T TE I us d f o r n
, u m r a ti on o r cl a ssi fic a ti on m u c h a s
ar e e e e

w u e fir st s c on d th i rd f our th o r A B O D Th m an ing h r is
se : , e , , , , , ,
. e e e e

th r a c w a s s o qu a l th r w a s no fir st o r c on d © T u u i onomat o p
e e e e e se . s r r e.

©Ki m w hi ya u t o mak
e e on s b l oo d u col d Th w o rd Jaim l i v r is
s e e
’
r n . e e e ,

us d ei n v ari ous am usi ng i d i oma ti c x pr ssi on s kim w t ub to b e e : e e s as a e

fri ght n d te f on s wits ; k i m w 7

e ou o t o b fri ght n d t o d ath ; Mm
e
’
e e 56 8 2 6 e e e e e

w k ud ak u t
e b u i u a b o u t ; Jaim
o e
f t
u i
a
y t u
x a boo ld osr u d a c i o u s e no e a s a

f ll o w O Haku t o v om it ; fr om t h u th t
E]: D i
‘
e . mo o th g r o n d e e u .

C om p ar e
j: Do To ,
( j: A B eyza ,
i flfi Te clzi mi Fade ) [it
To
(Qi ‘u Te iki ) . ® Ya r a h e e r i ndi c at s e 1 e pe t it io n . © Ue n o s hi te e no

s a wa
gi i n g r e a t c on f usi on an d al l t o psyt urv y .
 J AP A NE SE R E AD ING FOR BE GI NNE RS
68

C
”

4) D

J
‘
A (D
: a
C
3
2L
A
X ) A
/
.
z

t a
a
)
T Q
. .
r:

E st r
o
g
Bi
5 Of

5 a
03
if » a
s;
4
" A .

El
75 . Eh
76
b
)

a:
D
E
i? i
a
L
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0) j
P
s
i 7 3 3

i) o
T as
7: t
7: V? 0)
9
73 a r
R:
 VO LUME IIL MO RE CHI NES E CH A RA C TE RS .
69

Ai s ak u -
ga t a no hit o bit -
e w a Ai s ak u no ka ta w e t at ait e ,

K an shin da ,
kan hi n s shit a no
da , e ra i ko da . Kumak ieh i no r ak ub a
n i kamaw a u um w k k a t
-
z ,
ka ch i mo kac hi e ka c hi d a tta no mi
a e a es s e ar a , ,
-
e ,
'

hito no i h i i w k a na i t o ait w t a uk t y atta no wa i ka i

n oc n a ae r re -
, e e s e e n

m emi g t -
ipp na okona i d a
a e a r A it ano Kum k i h i g a to ri d k ye . e a c an e e,

no s eb u w k i ma r a na i g a i u
h a ma t a at m t -
y a ri hi w hit , z re ar a e e -
n ao s e s e

mor a w a k b -
na um i ere a n ar a .
”

T o itta .

Ku m k i h i ga t a no hit o bit Wa
a c - -
e ,

MO at m t s h ob u i w y bim a
ar a e e K a ch i w ana t a ga t a no n a e e s en . a -

mono d u A i k u San no ipp na k k r g k d Kum k i h i no i

es . sa hi r a o o o a e e, a c n oc

g at a u k si m h i tar A i k u S an
as w jits
a u i .m i ag t a m d
sa s u D eka a n -
e on o e .

k ye ka r a i c hi no a i d a ana t a —g at a no m ur a g a g k a— no ka h i r a i
-
n en o- son s n

na tt go shih a i w
e, a tt k ud i e n sa e as a .
”

T o itta .

No t e s . this Irate is n o t a
O A ise ka ge te -
si gn of the pl ur a l hr e e ; it
m e an s r e l a t e d t o o r c onn e c t e d with Ais ak u i e , . . th e s upp o rt rs e of A is a k u ,
t h e m e n wh o f o r m his p a rty .

9
K KYH (
fi fi E gede i ,
gK
E g- Flaky
/12
) ; WEL KYH H
( S
FW
J C Koh a
g )
.

h r k al is b oth a sign o f t h
© A nat a gat e ; -
e e e e pl ural an d it a l s o r e f e rs
t o p arty ; y u an d y o ur party o .

G A at g t n m h r Iat i a i gn o f
e- e e no e re e e r e s s t he pl ural .
 J A PA N ESE RE A D ING FO R B E I
G NNE RS
70
 V OLU M E 1 11 . M O R E CH I NES E CH A R AC TE RS .
71

Ke n o h an ash i g a t s ut aW a t t e , A is a k u wa g o -
k a -
s on wa or o k a, kinjo
k im pe n no h om m ono e -
to na tta .

HON .

War e - wa r e wa ma i ni c hi-
h on we y on d e, ir e ir e
- na ko t o we ob o e r u .

H o n no naka n i wa ji b akar i no m e ar u a
g , e ya c h iz u ya s h as h i n no
h ai t t e ir u no m e ar u . Y on d e ir u ai da wa naka n i k ait e ar u ko t o b akari
w e i s s h in ui k an g ae t e ir u kara , do shit e de k ir u mono ka to iu ko t o w a

f uk ak u kan ga e na i -
a
g , h on t o iu mono wa t ayas uk u de k iru mono d e wa

nai .

Tak us an no h on we y e nda g ak u m o n no f uka i hit o de m e , f ud e we t e ru

m ae n i wa j u b un n i s ono kanga e we n e ra -
na k er eb a na r a -
n u. Sat e kak i
h a jim e t e ka r a mo ,
k e sh it ari k uwa e t ar ishit wa r w ar no yomu m e, e- e y o na on o

ui nar u mad e ui wa , ik u t abi kak i a u k

- — mo hir i E w nkak u
osh it o a s e na
-
. e ,

zu we hi k u hit o ,
s h hi
as w ut u u
n hit o no k us h i mo ma t a hit o t o ri
e s s n -

“ M ON ga t e
F Me mban ) ; ( flag Me ndo
at
PI
E
Not es .
( ,
ifi [i n M ON ,

$15 3
Ge kum e n ;
) n ote t ha t the c h ara c te r fifl c on sists o f a mouth E] a t
a ga t e th is c o rr e s p on d s t o the m e an ing o f
F
? “ Tee t o i n q uir e .
72
J APANE SE RE A D I NG FO R BE GINNERS

\
4
74 J A PA NE S E RE ADI N
G FO R BE G I NN E RS
 V O LUM E I II MO RE CH I NE SE CH A R AC TE RS
. .
75

K or e wa k a ppan ~
z ur i no h on no t suk u ri - ka ta de ar u a
g , kono h oka ui

m o k uh an -
z ur i no h on mo shita w kata i k i i h a ri t uk t
aru . S or e wa b an -
e n -
s e e,

s ono m ka rae h ott h a gi

w t uk u i i c hi ma i ut u t z u r i i s ur u no d
e n e u s r ,
-
z s e- n o ar .

K a pp au w i t u g w b a ono k t uji w t o r i h
n sa s u ko t o g
a o ar e a, s a s e -
an as a

d k i u ka ra
e r aji k t u j w
,
on nan d o d m k um i t t t t uk
a s i u M k uh
e -
e e -
a e e s ae r . o an

de wa i c hi ma i i c hi ma i h o r a
-
k
, b a na r a u kar a
-
ono jiy u g k ika u -
na ere -
n ,
s a -
n .

M t a k t uji w it u d m t a d a c hi i u u ko t o g d k i u g m k uh
a a s a s e e d n er a e r a, e an e

w i c hi ma i ut u h o r u ka r a t ma g a i k u s o b a i mo kakar u
a -
z s S or yu e h inn
, e -
. e en

w m k uh
a o g a d an d
an an u t t ka pp a u w m h-
i i u ko t o g ok
s u a tt a
ar e e , e oc r a n .

TA CH IBA NA GH USA .

M e iji sa n -
ju s -
hic hi h a chi - -
n en no sen -
ek i n i Kim i n o t am e k un i no t am e,

m e iy o no s en s h i we t og e t a gu n jin wa oz e i a tt a ga , s ono u c hi de m e , ka i g n a

no H i r o s e Oh fi s a , r ik u g un no Ta c hib ana Oh fi s a no f ut ar i wa gu n -s hin t o

ma d e i w ar e t a .

No t es .
G
EE
] YU , r e
( Ela m Fa r m,
5 EH J ig
/,
12 fi g} Rig
/12
); 2m
YU
( flag Yud an ,
B ig] S eki ya,
im
fig YZ
) z zen .

(E H
9
5 S A
fig SA
( p(E
l iObe
) / se .

G
E
E KU N
(E ? Kn nslzi ,
EE
T S hake n ;
) f l; G UN ( r ur a l d ist r i c t ) .
J APA NE SE R E A D ING FO R B EG I NNE RS
 V OLU ME III . MORE C HI NE SE C HA RAC TE RS .
77

Ta c h ib ana Ch fi s a w a Togfi b ukan to sh it e, Kotais h i D e n ka no g o s h in n in

no a t s ui g un ji n d e a tt a . San jfi shi c hi
- - -
n en no sh i -
ga ts u D a i Ni -
g un n i t s ui te

s n c hi m h att a g a C h u w kon d no hu t uji w s ai wa i i T ik k u no

e e u ,
sa a e s s n e n e o

t am T nn o H ik no on t am i m ma hi i h t a k i w h i k b na r a
e, e e a e n ez a s a ra e s -
na er e a

na i t o h a c hi gats u u no Ryoyo no t at k i mi wa b uk a no d aita i w h ik iit

,
-
s e a a ,
e e,

i k i i u ud k u h i g k i shit a
o s r o s n e .

T k i w k wa hii y ama i ji n d o tt u kar a shit a ma d iku m no

e a e s n -
e, e e -
e e

JIn C hI w shi k i sakan i d angan w u c hi d a s u

e ,
n e - .

IV g h i wa mono t o m
a a u t k i ji n m g k t
e t t ug k i hit a g e se z -
e -
e a e e o s e s a,

t k i w ts u r ugi no h ay a shi w mo tt m uk t C h u w ma ak i i t t t
e a e e ae a . sa a ss n a e,

t ki hfi
e -
d i kon d
c t h im h i s an i
e o er no t k i w k ir i k
-
h ite, T ki ac ac -
n n e e -
or o s a. e

no d angan w m a rar no y o i t on d k u ru Ob u s a w h aya m i g i t

a a e- e i n e . a -
e n

ik k a h-
no k iz u w u k t g
s o uk h i m hir uma u h i d a r i t
e i g un t o w e a a, s os o -
z ,
-
e n e

m tt b uka no h is h i w h g m h i h g m h i t o t o
e e e
j o no t k i w o i
e a e as ,
a e as , s a n - e e

b a ra tt H i no m aru no k k k i w t at t Tok i w h ac hi gatsu s an ju i c hi

e, - -
o e -
e a . a - - -

ni c hi no a s a h i mo ma d a b na i ko r o d a tt a
-
no or a - e .

o ’
No t e s fi é
’
. B n ke n m il it a ry a t t a ch e, aide -
de -
c a mp .

T his c h ara c t r is h r r a d DE N b ut i t is o f t n f oun d aft r a nam

e e e e , e e e

an d r a d D wit h t h m an ing o f M r T his u i c om mon i c o rr s p on d nc

e on e e e . se s n e e e

w h ic h is t o f a pr i v a t c h ara c t r
no e e .

O E KI KI ( n m y )
ifi T (fi g T
) ffi
ki té ; g T E e -
e e .

QM t m u i gno r i ng t h
Cn e od ang r e s e- z e e .

© M g l u t sing l
’

e ut e cer o e o .

© W m tt ; p st p o sit i ona l x pr
e e i on c omm on i n t h l it rary sty l ;
e e -
e e ss e e e

h a s a v ry vag m ani ng ; on b y with t

e ue e , , ,
e c .

O Hid i t i gu to w m tt h o ld i ng hi sw o rd in his l f t h an d ; h r
er e n n e o e s e e e

w m tt is no t t h s am a s ab o v
e e e e e e .

63 r h
1 ( Hi d: B us in ,
t ) fl: (f t g S late ku ;
)
'

S HI S hik e n ; S HI
: E
2 11
“
8 11 1
(fE‘W
fi S hig an ,
E ‘
fl f ISM
) .

© Hi n o- m e r u the s un in th e na ti onal fl ag .
J A PANE SE RE A DI NG FOR B EG I NNE RS
 V OL UM E II I . M O RE CH I NE SE CH A R A C TE RS .
79

T ki e wa kore we m it e ,
sa m bo kar a t aih o we
-
u c hi kak e t a
-
. I ka ui koko r o
w a k at ak ut e m e mi wa t e s s e k i d e na i . Ho dan n i t aor e r u h i hi
e s Wa k a zo e

k ir e -
na i . Ko r e we m ita t ki
e wa s ara n i a ra t -
e we k uwa e t e , f ut atab i s e me
yo s e t e k ita .

Ch fi sa wa,

Ic hi d -
e s e n r yo shit a kono k o c hi ,
z e m m e t su s u u r t om e t ki
e no te n i

Hi t ashi m e suru na ”
wa t as u- na . o- t a ik yak u -
.

To buka w h g
s ak e n de e a em h i t ki
as ,
e w e g e k it ai s u ru ko t o s udo
-
ui

e yon d K
a . t ok i Oh u a wa en o s sud i d ai e n n i- d an we m i gi - t e mi, da i s an - d an
we h a r a i uk t it a g o r d
n e e a, s e e m e t awam a-z u f un s e n we t s u z uk e t e i r u t o ,

ma mo nak u h o d an no b a h n g e a C h us a no k e shi u i a ta t t e , Ohfi s a w a do to

s ono ba ui ta o r e t a .

Kat awar a it a i c hi g u
ui n so wa C h fi s a w e ho ri no u c hi ui ir t e e ka ih o
shit a Ta ta k i w mas u ma s u h ag e s h ii C h fi s a wa m e we m i h a tt gu n to
‘

. a a - .
-
e,

w e t su e n i ok i agar o t o suru
-
. G un s o wa Oh fi s a we s e ot t e , d angan no shit a
we k ug uri nagar a ,
k e was h i i gak e we kak e o rit a -

No t e s . H o gun ; tha t whi c h c on t a i ns a a st on 6 i b ul l t e . e. e .

Q
I Ko KU ,
(I f KBf u s ,
e, KCj o ,
i t ]: ) j]
J ké ; I e

Ko
( 11
3 m Kaye ,
fi g] S eiko ;
) 15K Ko
(mg Kegekz
'

,
fi /
l
lI S an k a
) ;

©H it as lzi
e -
on e st e p .

to r l ax
G Te we mu e .

© Do onoma t o p w h i c h r pr s n ts t h d ul l s o un d o f t h b o d y w h n it f ll
e e e e e e e e .

W e c —
© h n i hi is us d b f o r an o rd i nar y no un no t an u e um — it g n
e e a x . n . e e

r all y has a m a i ng a b o ut q ui v al n t t o t h i n d fi n it a rti cl ‘ T

e n a i e e e e e e , se n ,

t
e c . no t o f t n us d b f o r o rd i na r y no un s
are e e e e .

9
5? KAI
(fi ffi Re iko
fl KAI (
fi fi .
S akai
) .
80 J AP A N SE
E R EAD ING F O R B EG INNE RS

fi ll fl
J APANE SE R E AD I NG F O R B EG I NNE RS
 V O LUM E II I M O R E C H I NE SE CH AR A C TE RS
.
83

M o shi yo ak e -
g re
o t o t s ug e k i no k o e g a k ik o e t e , h os e i, Jus e i g a t ae t ar a ,

mi g e t e n t k i no 3 h i w t o tta t
i e 1n c e o om e e . Sono t k i wa sugu e um a w e h iit e

ko i . M o shi t t ug k i no k o s g k ik e oe a o et e mo , h os e i jos e i g a t s uz u k u yo na r a
w aga gun g k s nas h it i u t
u e m e r o o ee . S on t ok i e wa or e no shita i w e s e o tt e

k ae r u t s um e r i de kak e ”
-
t s uk eyo .

T o itta a
g , yo -
ak e g or e t ot s u g e k i no k oe g a s akan ni ok o t t e mo h os e i,

jfi s e i wa t ae - na i . B at e i wa d o nar u ko t o ka to sh i mpai sh i n agar a , y o s u n o

wak aru no we ma tte i t a g a, to t o s en s h i sa r t a e to k iit e , kak e -
t s uk e te, s ono
shi ga i i t ri ug tt nait a
n e -
s a e .

Ta ch ib ana Ch fi w h iz i ka ra k k sa a e e o or o zas h i no ka t a i yfi k i n i mic h it a

g u ji d
n b
n u ka w w
e, m u koko r o mo f uk e a ar e ak at t a . C h ii s a no yo na shi i n

ka ta w shit a hit o w i kura mo

e u g g u a ar a n -
s hi n to iwar er u h o d o n i u y ama

wa t a no w h iz i ka r a no okona i g a i pp
re a e e r a de a tt a ka r a de aru . Kaig un
no H ir o s C h o a mo y h i
e ji d u s a ar on a e ar .

0
No t es ? SE KI (Eff E S eki m n ;
) fi SEKI
(fi fi Mcnsek i
)
'

.
”

- .

Q Kake ts ukeye -
thi
f or m o f t h e i m p e r a ti v e b e l o n g s mo r e pr o p e rly t o
s the
l it
e ra r y styl e ; i n c oll o qui al it w o uld b e ke ke ts n ker e -
.

6
5 YU c o ur ag e ; no t e th e st rj] e ng th
fi
gfi K E I ( mfg Kei r ei ,
Km ) g
F k i ; n e
7
KE I
(g g g Keisa~
J APAN ESE RE A DI NG FO R EE C IN NE RS
 VOLUM E III M O RE CH INE SE C HA R AC T ERS .
85

TA SH IKA NA H OSH O .

G aik e k u no ar u s h ok ai de sh i mb un -
shi n i t e n - in ny o y o no k ok ok u w e
das hi ta . S h i bos h a w a g o -jfi -n in b akari mo k ita g a, sh u jin w a so no u c hi de

h it ori no s in n
e e w e yat e i i
- u ko t o
rer i k im t n e a .

Ar u hit o g a sh u i
jn n i m uk t t a c hi m i no h it o
e, e no t gam i w
e e mo tte k i t a
mono mo oz e i a tt a no n i, do iu o mik e mi de an e s in n w
e e e 0 mo c hii n i

na tta no ka to t a z un e t a .

Sh up u w a k ot ae t e ,

Ar e ga k e no s hit su n i h a ir u m ae , m a z u k i mono no h ok o ri w h ar ai e ,

b ait t e ka r a wa s hi z uk a n i u shi r o no t o w e s him e t a . Kir e i z uk i d t ut u h im i

- e s s s

huka i ko t o wa s or e do k u wak ar im as h i t a . Dan wa s aich o . h it or i no r o in

j
g a h ait t e k im as h i t a g a, s ugu ui t at t e , is u we yuz ur i m as h it a . H it o n i shin
s tsu na ko to
e wa k e re de me s hi r er u to o m o im as hit a . A is at s u w e shit e

mo t in i d e e e, s uk o s h i mo nam aik i na f ii g a naku ,

nan i we k iit e me ,

0 sy m b o l d e r i v e d fr om this c ha
Not es .
1% Ho t h e irate kan e -
y} : is
J APAN ES E
“
HE AD I NG FOR B EG I NNERS
 VOLUM E II I M O RE CH I NE SE C H A RA C T E RS
. .
87

i c hi i chi m ih ak u ui k t t shika m y k i
-
e o ae e , e o e na kot o wa 11 ma s e n .
o H ak i -
h ak i
s hi t it r i gi s ah o w w k im t i u ko t o
e e, e ,
e a ae e r mo s or e de s ukk ri
a wa k ar ima

shita .

W t k u h i w w a z a t ik kan
a a s h m a o -
no s o o ts u we y ka u no n o u i n ag e t e

e kimas h it a . H oka no mono wa s uk o sh i mo k i ga ts uka na i de naka n i wa

-

s or e W0 fun d a mono mo ar im as h it a g a, ano s ine e n wa h a ir u to su gu ui

s h om ot s u we t o ri ag t -
e e, t é b ur u no ue n i o k i m as h it a . So r e de c h ui -
huka i
o t oko t o iu ko t o w hi e s ri m as h it a .

“
H it o g a oz e i kom i a tt e
-
ir u naka de , s uk o s h i mo h it o ui s akin JIyo to
wa s e - z u, s h i zu k a n i jib un no jum b an we ma tt e i mas hi t a Ar e no on jun na .

ko t o we y ok u a r awa s hit e o r i ma s u M a ta k im ono Wa s om at s u nagar a sa ppar i

.
,

shita mono w k i t h a mo y ok u mig it im a h it

e e a e s a . M at a ji we kak u t ok i
ni y u bi ag i w mi r u t o tsu m W m ijik k u k itt
-
s e , e a a e i mas hi t a . H oka no mono
w k i mono d ak w ut u k u h ik t t a g
a ts um no
e a s s a a, e s ak i wa m i nna mak k ur o
ui na tt i m h it
e as a .

Not es .
o
fi K EN (A %%
j N yfij eken ;
) ffi KAN ( aux .

(ERA Fj i S imj in i Kes ) {3 3 (If gfi J zzte kn

E
'

S HU , h ; u JU ,

13 3 K yej z
) 735
; C H U
(NET
z
S: o ne
) .

Q
E K EN (fi gfi
J
K mb t
) a
; e u su G EN
(3
3 66? Gen kin ,
fi l ?
l
Gen ze i ,
88
J APANE SE R EA DIN G FOR B E GI NNE RS
90
J A PANE SE R E A D I NG FO R B EG I NNE RS
 VO L UM E III . M OR E CH INE SE CH ARAC T ERS .
91

t s uyo i mono b aka ri s an -

Z en -
nin we s u gu tt e , koss o ri t o u r a- m i c hi ka r a Hi yo dor i
g e e ni muk at t a . Ke n o naka ui wa B e nk e i mo o tta . H iyo dor i g o e wa -
s h ir e

no k ita no h o i a tt y pp d k w h ii t okoro d a u Fud an w hit o mo

n e, e o o e as e r . a

t ora na i m i chi d ka ra d ok o w d o it t y o i k w akara nai S ono u c hi mi

-
a. ,
e e a -
.

hi ga k ur t m k k u e e, i na tta h im t ta ra n e s a .

K tok i B nk i w hi no aka ri w t y i i t u t it t h i t i no
en o e e a e a or n az ne e e, or

ka i u d w t u t
r e e k it a M i ru to t ak no t aka i t k um h ii o t oko d a u
s re e . e a as e r .

T e i w
n ka r i u i t uk au yum i y w mo tt i u
a s T h i w ik ut u k a ? -
a e e r .
“
es a s

T t o ba
o e J fi hi c hi
,
“
To k t t Y hi t u wa y k d katana y a
-
s .
”
o ae a . os s ne or o on e

ye ro i w ya t t
e k r a i ies hi t a e n .

Y h it u
os w ma z u t a u t
s ne a z n e a.

K oko kar a h i no h o i u ko t o g a d k i u k a ?
s re e or r e r

T t m d k im
o e o Sh i
e no u sh ir o w k w h ii aka d um a no
as e n . re a e as s e,

tore ru t oko r o d w g im
e a e za as e n .

No t e .
”
H
E DE N I”fl!
(I
-
B enj i ;
) DAN De nslzi
) .
92 JAPANES E RE AD ING FOR BE G I NNE RS
 VOLU M E III M ORE C HINES E C H ARACTE RS
. .
93

Shi ka wa do d a ?
Shika Wa —
e ri e ri t or im as u .

Yo s h its un e wa ko r e we k ik u t o ,

Shika m y o ts u a shi nara um mo y o tsu a h i t a d a t um g wa t

e -
,
a -
s ,
s e a re e

i u t o i na i d ak no h ig i d a
r -
Shi ka no t o u t oko r o w um no t or na i
e c a . r er e a e-

t o iu ko t o g u mono k ? aS e a na i w s y o
ar T o ii t uk t y o ru no a , n e e .
”
-
s e e,

uc h i i gak
n no u ma d d ta M a mo nak u y ga ak t a M i
e e b
e e . o e .
-
e ro s e a,

shir w e j j
fiao u k
n an shi r na-i gak no
-
shit a i
ar a u To z a i no ai mon e- e n r . n -

w i ma i k us a no m
a ai h fi d u as s c e ar .

H i k ga t a w gak no u ka r a t k i no g u
e e -
a i g s m kom o t o w
e e ,
e n ze a e e- a

y um i mo m w nai Y h it u wa koko
e n e e to m t t
a -
. S u um u os s ne
‘
zo e o e,
“
s e, s

sum e T o a hi u w shit a ga u m mo k wag tt suk un d shi mai hit o

.
’
s s z e ,
a o a e e ,

mo kao w mi w t eu umo t o W -
hi na i
a Kas e e t ok i Y h it u ws s a s -
. eno os s ne a

W ar w t h on i s y o
“
e e e n e .
”

No t es .

is
O
E S C KU

it rary
( AE
f o rm o f
N ins e ku ;
imp
) {E
r a ti v e o f
SO KU
“
Egg
in
S e kuskin
c ol l oq ui a l
).

Q S eg/e th e l e the e s ur u ; t he
of t o day yo u s ay sh r e . i
JA PANE SE RE A DI NG FOR I
B E G NNE RS
 V O LUM E III MO RE C HINES E CH A R AC T E RS .
95

To ii .
naga ra ,
u ma i h it o m u c hi
n t t
- a e e k ak e e r ita
-
. Ko r e we m ita
s an -
n in
z en - no g un z e i w d o tt o i hi ji i kak
a c n e - or i t e , s h ir e no naka e s e me
kon d a . H e ik e wa f ui w ute t d o s ur u k o t o
ar e e mo d k i na i
e -
. Sam b o ka ra
-

s e me -
t at e r ar e t e , s an -
z an mi uc h i y b u - t a r a r e a.

HA .

S h o k ub ut s u no h a n i wa chi do m e - g us a no ha no yo ni c h ii s a na no m e
a ri h a s u b a h o no yo ui h i kut oki na no m a u A t ui kun i ui h o u u
, , s ro e e r . s s z r

o on i b a s u wa h kk i g a r ok u sh ak u mo a tt
- -
ha
c o h it u mo j o bu d
e u -
e, no s s e ar

ka ra s ono u , i —hi ai g ur a i no ko d omo w s uwa a u ko t o mo d k i u

e n san s -
s e r ser e r

so de ar u .

H a no k at ac hi ni wa t amag o -
ga t a
t o d k i ga m t t m oi ae n e o o o a
g , z nie

no yo i n ma ru i no m e a ri h a ri no yo u i h o s —
,
naga i no m u e e ar .

Sak i ya mo t o no ma rui h a mo ar b a t g at t i u h a m a r i
e ,
o e r o ,
h e k e n de

Not es
(fig E lT Km Keir e
) a
s f
Em
E ,
, - Chokkei ; s
K ib ; fig K
) e
(fig?
en K i l i
M K i k
) EI e l , e en .

(m
Q
fij
l Rm
g K ji
) fig Km
(fi fi a Keisei
) .
96 IAPANIB E
. R E AD I NG FOR BE G INNE RS

E
98 J A PANES E R E A DIN G FOR B E G INN E RS
 V O LUM E III . MO RE C HINES E C HAR A CT E RS .
99

m uk a i -
at t e t s ui t e iru . M at a k u g a is o na do Wa 6 11 11 no ha g a is s h o ni at s u

matt e , k uk i no sh ui W 0 t o ri —
m ai t e i r u .

KACHIKU .

In n t o n ek o W a m o t t om o ok u i e n i k aw ar e r u k e mon o de ar u . In u W a

y o ru w o m am orase r u t am e , mat a wa k ar i n i t s uk a u t a m e ni k a i, n ek o wa

n e z um i W0 t or as e ru ta m e n i k au n o do ar u . Ko re m m o k a c h ik a
-
. no u c hi
n i k a z oe r ar e r u g a, k achi k u t o s h it o m o t t o t ais e t s u na m o n o wa us h i , u m a ,

hi ts uji, b ut a to de aru .

Ta W 0 tag a yas as e t an
’

,
n i- gurum a w o h ik as e t ari, o m o i m on o w o o was e t e ,
t ek u

e h a k o b as eta r i , n ok a de wa us h i W 0 ir o - i r o n o r od o n i s h ie k i s u u r . Son o ue gyfi

n ik u t o g yun yu W a in s h o k ub ut s u t o s h it e m o t ais e t s u de ar u . Is h in -
ze n m ade

W a g yun ik u W 0 k uu h it o w a i t at t e s uk un ak at t a a
g , ima de Wa ze n k o k u k u wa -
nu

t o k or o g a n ak un a t t a . Tok y o s hi d ak e d e -
mo ich i -
n en n i h o f ur u us h i Wa su

s en —
t o ni mo n o h o ra t o in k o t o de ar u . S on o k aw a W a na m es h ig awa n i s e sh it e ,
i

N ot es .
O
E I fié r I/
zan ,
$
Bfi Th e

k ata ka n a s y m b ol perh aps c o m e s fr om

a .

g
a p ‘

g N eko c at ; the left a rt o f t h is c h ara c t er is a c o rrupt i o n o f

jt
an d is c lled kem on o—
a hen s om e o f the c h ara c t ers w h c h h v e k mon o ken
i a e -
ar e

c on cern ed W it h an im a s , l e . g Ka r i h un t in g ,
m Kitsun e f ox ,
XE ]
;

Okam i w o lf .
1 00 J A PA N E S E R E AD LNG r o n B E
’
J IN NE B S
1 02
J AP A NE SE RE A D IN G FOR B E (
.
 VOLUME III . MOR E OH INIS E C H ARACTE RS .
1 03
'

m o k u u k ar a k au no n i t ayas ui . S h ik a m o s on o s e ich o g a ki wame t e b ay ai .

To n n ik u Wa a bura ui t o n de it e , yob un no oi k o t o wa gyun ik u ni o t o ra -

n u.

N ai c h i de w a m uk as h i k ara am a ri ok u wa k aw a -
na hat t a g a , Ry u k yu de wa

t ah us an k at t e o t ta . Rin g o k u no Sh in a jin wa m ot t o m o ok u t o n n ik u W 0 k uu
-

k ok u m in de ar u .

Hi t s u j y
i a ya g i wa k e g a h it s uyo de ar u . N a g ak u n o bir u t o , k a r i- t o t t e

k o ri m o n o
e - no z air yo n i s u u.r H i ts uji no n i k u m o m at a s h ok uyo to na ri ,

y agi no ch ic hi W a g yfi n yfi no yo ni in r yo n i n a u.r Ko t o n i s on o c hi c h i n o

s e i b un wa h i t o no c hic hi n i n it e ir u k ara, k o d o m o n i t e k i sur u .

H ir ok u k ac h ik u t o i e b a, c h o- r ui m a de m o i re t e iu . Ch o rui -
no u c hi
de k ac h ik a t o s h it e mo t t o m oko u n ok a ni k aWar e r u no wa n iwat ori de ,

k e iran ya k e in ik u no yob un no oi k ot o Wa s h ira-n u hi t o wa na i . Son o

h oka a h ir u ya s h ichi m e n ch o na d o mo ia n i k aWar e r u t o ri de aru .

UESUGI KENSHIN .

Kawan ak apma no t at ak ai de n adak a i U es u i g Ke n sh in Wa t s uyo i

t a is h o de at t a . S on o ait e Wa Tak ed a Sh in g e n de ,
k o re mo

0 K
Not e s .
3 g KY U Yokyu ;
) fi KYU
(fi fljj y j )
u o ;
Iik
(f flgf ik C/
zi k u
y ) .

a e
(E F A& E] M
) H
E
M IN i n k an ,
‘
Jim m in , Z
PE Heim in & ;

( mg M h k
7k B Q )
'

i
f
ns E im
o u,
‘
zn .

9 8 l fi Kyada
3 3 Km
(j gl j (g it: , Kat ya) ; Ll i : Kr o
(fihfig Kyakya
) ;

E G ko
)
”

) un .
1 04 J APANE SE RE ADING FOR B E G IN NE RS
1 06
J APANE SE RE A D I NG FOR B E G I NNE RS
 VOLUM E III. MORE CH IN E SE C HAR A CTE RS .
1 07

Wa Sh in g on W 0 k o mar as eyo t o o mo t t e ,
s hi o W0 ok u ra s e - n ai k ot o ni s h i ta .

Ke n s h in wa s o re W 0 kii t e ,
“
Ware ware
-
wa t a g ai ni i k us a w o sh it e ir u k e r e do m o , t e k i no k un i no

wa k awais o da
”
h it o n i wa n an no u am i
r mo na i . S ore W 0 k urus h i m e ru no .

To it t e, jib un no k un i k ara sh io Wo ok u r as e t a . S o re k ara S h in g e n g a

s h in d a to k i it a t ok i, Ke n s h in wa ,
“
A ,
o s h ii k ot o wo s h it a . Yo i i k us a -
ait e
g a n ak un a t t a . To it t e n ag e i t a .

RYO RI .

H it o W 0 s h odai su u r t ok i Wa iu ma de mo n ak u , m ai- n i ch i s an - do no

S h Ok U JI n1 mo s on o z air
yo oyo b i ry ori -
ho n i ch fi i su u r k o t o ga t ais e t s u de
ar u . O n aji z airyo de m o, ry ori no a m b ai n i yo t t e W a ,
m at t ak u b e t s u -
m o n o
ok u
no g o t a j ware ,
i wa ry ori no h oh o n i yo t t e wa, s on o k e i zai no ue ni mo
oi na u r t ok us hi t s u g a ar u .

a
ge S H IT SU t o l os e ; d o n ot c o n f o un d w it h
96 Ya a rr o w .
1 08
J APANE SE R E A D IN G FOR B E G I NNE RS
1 10 JA P ANES E RE AD ING FOR B E G I NNE RS
 VOL U M E III . MOR E CHI NE SE C HA R A CTE RS .
]11

m ai -n
ich i o n aji k o n da t e W o k ur i k a o s a -
nu yo ni ch u i r
su u g a y oi . Ta t oe b a
dob ut s u s h it s u -
no j iy o h in -
ui wa s h ok u b ut s u - s h it s u no s h ok u mot su wo s oe,

m ata sh iru- k e no n ai m on o no t s ug i ni Wa s h i u- r mon o wo d as h i ,

am ai m on o

no at o ui wa shi o - k a rai m on o wo b aig o su u r r ui de aru . S on o t a k ir i

k at a , n ara b e - k at a , i ro n o h a ig o ni i t aru ma de , min a s o re z o re

-
no k ut o g a

n yoy o de ar u .

Ts un e n i sh ok u m ot s u wo ry ori su u r daido k or o wa t ok u n i s e ik e t s u wo

t a mo t s u no hi t s uyo g a aru . Daidok or o wa sh u u j no sh ok um o ts u W0 o k i,

n i ta k i ,
-
a ai r na
g as h i wo su ur t ok o r o de aru k ara , n a ga h i m
s -
ot o ,
t o dan a wo

h ajime ,
ry ori d og u-
,
s h o kk i , f uk in na do n i it ar u ma d e , t s un e ni s e ik e t s u ui

s hi t e o k a- n ak e r e b a r
n a a -n u . Z as h i k i ya t oi e n w o k ir e i n i s h it e oku h it o g a,

dai do k o r o w o f u k e t s u -
n i s h it e k a e r im i -
na i no wa o k as h i i h an as h i do a r u.

CHO SEN N O FUZ OKU .

C h os e n n o ch i n i jor ik u s h it e da i -
i ch i n i me ni t s uk u n o wa i e no h i k u k ut e ,

C t i n ua t i on of n ot e 1 09

$
on on p . .

d i st a n ce Kan sho c o ld ,
h ot ,
i . e . t e m pera t ure ; 4111}‘
d b )
Um a Is ,
’
is n t ,

i . e. ( t h e que st i n o of ) the e x is t e ce o f n a t h in g; Z en ai -
m g oo d ,
b a d, i . e.

m o r a l it y , q ua l it y .

N ot e s . O N agaski m oto t h e -
s in k .

i
L
EN
L5 E
fi fi E mp o, 7
) 5] ( fé EI
1

E ten ; EN
n r yo,
k 13 3 .

Ko ET E
en , n tei
) .

9 K
( m m A
igi Kakets u ,
34 m
"

3 E yoka ;
)
‘
p KA
(m é:
y Ka war a ,

k m
/

T ik
) a a .
112 JAP ANE S E R E A D ING FOR RE G IN NE RS
JAPANE SE RE ADING FOR B E G IN NE RS
 V OL UME HI . MORE CH INE SE CHARACTE RS .
1 15

shi roi no wo m o chi ir u . On n a wa m ijik a i uwa- g i wo k it e , s e iy o f ujm no

m oc h iir u yo na yu ru ya k a na h ak a m a W 0 t s u k e ru . O t ok o no k am mur i wo
k ab uri , s on o h im o w o n a ga k u t ar a s k i , k o -
um a ui n ot t e ,
in ak a m ic h i w o t or u
-

no w o m i ru t o , m uk as h i no h it o mi a t ta yo na k i ga su u. r M a a d k an r e i w o
mit s u
°

o k o n awa- n a i m on o wa c h on za t o i t t e , k am i w o ~
uch i n i s h i t e us hi ro e
t nr as h it e i ru . C h on ga no ai da wa h it o ni an a do r ar e r u k ara , n ar ub e ku

h a v a k u k an r e i wo ok on au . Kan e g a na k u t e , k an r e i no o k o n a e - n ai m o n o wa

sa n - jfl wo s u g it e mo ch o n g a de ,
o t on a no na k a m a-
ir i g a de k i -
n ai . Kin n e n
wa z a m pat s u n o to ga o k o n awar e t e , k an r e i wa dan dan -
s ut ar e t e ik u . Sh in in
w o k omu r a no n i , k od ak ai t o k or o de m in ami
,
n i m e n s h it e i r u hi -
at ari no

yo i c hi wo era b u . Kijin no h ak a ui wa n aich i no yo ui is h i wo t at e ru

k e re dom o f ut s f i no h ak a wa t ait e i t s uc h i w o m o ri -
a g er a b ak ari de a r u.

To s h i ,
s o n r ak u no s h oi n o yam a ya oka n i wa man ia no
yo ui m ar u k u
m o ri -
a g e t a t s u c h i y a m a g a k az u
-
s hi ro -
zu n ar an de ir u .

Ch os e n i jin wa t ab ak o wo k on o m a . E is ern wa mi bun no t a k ai hit o

h o do na g ai no wo m och iir u . Na g ai n o wa s h i- s h ak u o
mo ar u .

N ot es . O Kan r ei cere m on y o f i n it iat i o n to m an h oo d ; i m p o s it i o n

’
a d ul t s h at .

Q Chon gd C o re an na me for t h os e wh o h a ve n ot ye t bee n i n it iat ed

m an h oo d

© s ls u -
ucbi pl ait m ade of t h ree s t an r ds of h air .

(m
Q S H I ( c it y ) I
ffi ; a
m S H idi S hi m ai
) .
1 16 J APAN E S E R E A D ING FO R BE G INN EB S
J APAN FS E RE AD IN G FOR BE G INNE RS
 V OLUM E 111 . MO RE CH INE SE CH A R AC TE RS .
119

no ue k ar a ki t a no h o wo y u bi -
za s h it e k o e t a k ak u y o n da .

“ ”
B uro, b uro b uro
,
.

Kam pa n n i t at t e it a s e n ch o w o 11 21 11 111 8 , u - g o - n in
s an - J no w ak a m on o wa
-

h it os h ik u m e w o s on o h ok o ni muk e t a . H ar u k a no an at a ui s h i r oi m iz u
k e mur i g a mi eru .

S e n ch o n o o chi t s uit a c h i k ar a no k o m ot t a gore i n i, f un e wa h ay a h ok o

wo t e n jit e , k it a e m uk at t e h as h iru . Sh i g o
- -
s ek i no b ot o wa b o s en wo

h an ar e t e , w ar e s ak i n i to k o id e ik u . Ko gi -
nu k et a is - s e k i wa yu k i wo
f um tt e , m ir u u chi ui it - t o no k a j i ra ui c h ik a y o ri -
, k yos h o m e -g ak e t e h ar e t s u

ya wo s hi k ak e t a m o ri wo ut s u . Koyama no
yo na s i r a n am i
h -
g a t ak aku

k udak e t e , yfi da ch i no yo ui furi c h ir u
- .
K u jir a no i c h i g un
- Wa k a ge mo

k at ac h i mo m ie —
n ak u n at t a .

H ar e t s u ya wa k a j ir a
-
no t ain ai ni f uk ak u k ai -
ko n de h ar e t s u s h it a . B ot o

wa m o ri ni t s uk e t a na g ai t s un a n i h ik ar e t e , a r u iwa mi i g n i, ar u iwa h id ar i

ni h ik i mawas ar e r u
-
. Im a ui mo s h iz uma k a t o h iy a-h iya su u. r

Not es . 0 211 as uto z m as t .

Q B ur o bl o w .

© A n ata d oes n ot h ere m ea n yo u b ut t h at pl ace .

9
Th e s e t w o m e an i n g s

were fo r m erly rel at ed to e ac h o t h er ,

b ut n ow t h ey ar e writt e n w it h d iff ere n t
o rig in al m e an in g wh e n writ t e n i n k an — W r it t e
‘
c h arac t ers . Th a t pl ac e ,
’
th e , ji ,
i s n

fi fi E T fi jj fi fi
’ ‘ ‘
; y ou is Wri t t e n , ,
or in t h e c as e o f a w o man ‘
.

(é ji k
RBI v Reif uj in , Gor ei ;
) Zfi “ RE I
)
R i ho ;
e s

fig RY o
Gigi : Ryo
j i
fi fifi ,
S hur yo
) .

QB owz b oa t .
12 0 JA P AN ES E RE ADING FOR BEG INNE RS
12 2
J A PAN ES E R E AD I NG FOR RE C I NN E RS
 VOLUM E III . MORE CHINE SE CH A RACT E RS .
12 3

sa ik u -
mo n o ui t s uk aware ru . M u k as h i wa o k uJu a it - t o wo t orae r u t o , Ji n k o
- ‘
'

s fi -b yak u -
n in no is -
s on ik k a g e t s u
- -
no s e ik at s u- hi wo s as a o ur u t o it t a m on o

de aru .

ARABIYA UMA .

A r ah iy a Wa s e k ai ni na dak ai ry oha no s an ch i d e ar u. Ar ahiy a -

um a n o

c h ot o no kik o ni t a e ru k o t o wa j t su
i ui o dor ok u be k i h odo de ,
s hi -
g o n -
ic h i

k an u ch it os h i, m ai -
ni ch i s an - j ri
fi - g ur ai wo k ak er a no wa me z ur ashi k u n ai.

N o ma -
z u, ku w a- zu ni sh fi jit s u s h fi
ya h as h it t e m o n ao h e i ze n t o s h it e ir u t o

in k o t o de aru .

Kok o n i A rah iy a-um a no t as s h a na k ot o wo s h om e i su u r o m o s h ir o i

h an as hi g a a r u . M uk as h i Tor uk o no ar u t ai s h o g a Ar ah iy a jin k ara it t o

-
.
-

no m e ib a w o s an -
zen -
ye n de k au y k us ok u
a wo s h it a . S at e iyo iyo u m a w o -

uk e - t o ru dan ni n at t e ,
t ai s h o wa i m a s uk os h i m ak e -
nu ka t o ia . U m a-n us h i

wa m o i c h i mon m o h ik e
- -
nu t o in . Dan dan k oro n
-
no s ue , t ais h o w a ik at t e

s an -
z e n - ye n no k an e w o ch i n i na ge -
t s uk e t a .

N ot es .

H mi gh t l o be writ t e n
a s
F
] se e n ot e , v ol . II,
p . 1 79 .

e
g
g TO ,
W ay ; it h as s hi n n y
/12 l ik e an d o t h er ch arac t er s w h ich
refer t o m o t io n o r d is t an ce .

Odor ok u beki hodo in o rd in ary c oll o quial beki w ould be s im ply dr o p

ped ,
an d we sh o ul d s ay odor ok u hodo .

EDUclzi h ere h as l it t le o r n o m e an in g
) $
.

9
55 1 Do
(g fi Dor yok u
3}
; Do
(fi fi D oki
) .
JA P ANE SE RE AD IN G FOR BE G I N NE RS

fi t
t A
fi
<
a s
e m
e
n a
fi r
fi
o K
a e
w a
b fi
d e
é m
< s
e
JA P A NE SE R E ADI NG FOR B E G I NN E RS
 VOLUM E III . MO R E C HINES E C HA R A CTE RS .
12 7

na gara , i pp o ni wa , “
Ar e h o d o no m e ib a w a ik ura k an e wo b arat t e mo

os h ik u wa n al . To k uc h i -
g uc h i ni h om e t a .

Yo k k a m e -
no as a t ais h o wa n an i- g ok oro na ku s ot o wo n a g am e t e i ru t o ,

m ac no uma- mus h i g a f ut at ab i um a wo h iit e k it e ,

Kak k a ,
s a n -z e n —
k in g a o s h ifi g o z a i m as u k a, k o n o uma g a h e s h iu g o

z a im as u ka ?

To i tt a .

A rab ly a n i ry oha no ok u s an s ur u no w a f fi do g a u ma n o sh i yo ui t ek i

s h it e i r u b ak ar i d e wa na i . Sfi -
se n -n e n no h isas h ii ai da , d o j in no t as t e

t ayu m a -
na i t an s e i n o k ek k a de ar u . Ko rai A r abiya- jin wa um a wo k az o k a

no i c h i- in t o k an g ae t e , k a c h o wa k o re wo Ji b a n no k o dom o t o on aji yo ui

k awai g ar u . U ma m o yok u k a i-n ush i u i n ar e t e , s on o k azo k u i ch i do t o s h ita

s hin de ir u . A r u h it o no Ar ab iya ry o k o n ik k i no is -
s et su n i ts a i g no yo n o.

k o t o ga k a i t e ar u .

S
fi at
0
Not es Sm
(fi g; eik o Yos ci ;
) E5 (figk Sm
-
. ,

S eidai , ‘
Q EE Z ens e
) g
i ;
fi Sm
(a ? S aj itsu,
fi
fi g S him) m
; g
(e a Kw
)
Q KETSU m usubu v er
fi
i
, t o t ie ; n ot e t h e t h re ad ; h o we ,
t h e r e is no id ea

of g i t hi
t ie in n s part icul ar c o mp o un d Kekka re su l t .

Q —
B (fi A Kokon ) ; 1fi[ K0 (fi g Kay )
( Elfi
‘
Kc l .
El KO
12 8 JAPA NE SE R E AD ING FOR B E G INNE RS
JAPANE SE RE ADI NG FOR B E G I NN E RS
 V OLUM E III . MORE CH I NES E CHA R A CT E RS .
13 1

Pi é r u yo ,
s h on en k os h u yo . To k oe w o s or oe t e yo n da a
g , n an no

k o ta e m o n ai . S h izuk a na y am a no na ka ni n a g ar e r u m iz u no ot o g a t ok u

k ik o e r u b ak ari . S h ib ar ak u su u r to t an i- s o k o no ho ni t a ik o no ot o ga
k as uk a ni ki k oe r u . M imi W0 s ob a da t e t e k ik e b a , s h in ga n no s h ir ab e de ar u .

“
F ieru g a ut s u it s a m o no t ai k o u i c h ig ai n ai . Sat e Wa ik it e iru no ka ?

An o is a mas h ii s h on en W 0 k or os h it e wa r
n a a- n u . Do k as h it e t as uk e r u k uiu ‘

t o , h e i s h i- r a wa m in a k i wo m on de iru
”
wa a ru m ai ka ? .

Fuk asa Wa ik u - b y ak u- jo t o mo sh i re -
na i t an i -
s ok o ,
t an i e o rira h oso

m i ch i mo y uk i ya k or i mi t o z as ar e t e , d ok o ka m at t ak a shi re -
n ai . U ch i -
n ar a s u

t a ik o no oto Wa dan -dan ni h ik u k u k as uk a n i n a u. r O k urer e b a F ieru wa

k ogo e t e s h in u de H e is h i -
ra wa k i w o as era n om i de ,
n an no k uf fi m o

t s uk a -
n u. Kon o t o k i,

J ib un g a ik o .
”
To s ak e b u h it o W 0 d are k a t o m ir e b a s h o un g Ma k u don ar u
de a ru . M ak u don ar u wa k o n o t ai n o s h ir e ik an de ,
t o kk an g t
S h o un o in a da n a wo

m o t ta j us h o d e ar u . H e is h i -
ra wa o dor oi t a . Sh og un Wa uw g i w a o n u gi- s u t e t e ,

”I
N ot e s J .
\ S HC)
jt J ) (fi S lzé gakk é , /\ Daishé ; S HC)

“ fi“ :r Si e
) fi
;
j
l
S HEl
z /ea
(fl i t S l é b l g ffi ) K é k é
) g
; fi? S HE
(fl i z u, s )
p

S h t a/
as
$1 1 :
i? Jo
(fi g Jé h k ti
gl fi
é y 8
e
l
6/
s o u,
'
11

(y ff fi S ho
m y G hé ; K S HG
n en ,
) é ens M m b ké
)
‘
o as .

) {LE “
g —
a l T
(gBE E T i t
EI k Ji t i ; e T a u,
fig T i k
E e EI e ra u,

fig K ) fig (fi g
ata ; Tm T i ta
k fi T it i
) F E T E Ie
ODE ,
Si i t i
) a e t n e .

6
? (fi flfi i i? [fi fi R ik g m
Zfi fi
‘
G G k
UN G t i an an , un a ,
u z
'

F
K ig ) ; E U N (E g
a un
g Ea U do
fi g Ké
Rg ) n ,
un , i a un .

9 211 akudon d r u Ma cDo n a l d .

© Ada na pe t na m e, n ic k n a m e .
13 2 J A PAN E SE R E A D IN G FOR B E G INN E RS
13 4 JAPAN E SE RE A D ING FOR B EG I NNE RS
 VOLUM E III . MO R E CH INE SE CH A R ACT E RS .
13 5

ich ido ni k an k i no k o e wo a ge t a ; A ru p a no y am a m o f ur uu b ak a r i n i .

Z O SEN N O HA N A SHI .

F un e W0 t s uk u r a ni wa m a z u m e m m it s u na s ek k e i -
zu W 0 k o s h ira er u .

So n o zu wa fu n e no s e t s u da m me n -
oyo b i k os e i t o W 0 n an - ju b u
-
n no ich i ni

s h ita s h uk uz u de ,
t a - n in z u no g i hi s ya gi hu
s ga n a gak u e iza s uru
k ak a t t e s

k a ra , ok i na s e n k an na do ui na u r t o, s ek k ei -
zu b ak ari d e su h yak u— m ai mo -

am to ia . Sekk e i -
zu ga d ek i -
ag a u r t o, s aimi t s u na k oz o b un z a W 0 k ak u

k ob a ni m aw as h i, h it s uyo na b ub un Wa jit s ub ut s u da i no zu W0 t s uk ut t e ,

h ajim e t e s e iz e ni ch ak us h u su u n o r de ar u .

Kob a ni wa ir o ir o Tet s u W0 k it c) t an k oba mo reb a k ot e t s u,

'

-
ar u . a ,

s hi h ch u -
ru i W0 ir u t o k o r o m o ar i , k i k an , e n t otsu t o W0 t s uk u ru t ok o r o

mo ar i, m at a m o k u s e i no ki gu -
r ui W0 s e i ze su u r m o kk ob a m o aru . Iz ur e m o

dai ki b o
-
ni d e ki t e it e , k ot og o t o k u j ok i ya de n k i no c h ik ara wo ri yo

r
su u . N an -
z en -
g an to m dai- t e t t s ui m o h it or i no te de j iyu ni un t en

N ot es Th ere is h ere
. 0 o f t h e W o rd s f o r re as o n s o f
a t r an s p o s i t i o n ,

l it era ry be aut y o r e m ph as is Th e n at ura l g ramma t ic al o rder w o uld be

.

A r up u no ya m a m o f ur uu bakar i ml kan ki n o koe wo aget a Th e v erb f ur uu .

is pr o per o f t h e l it era ry s t yle ; in c o ll o q u ial you s ay f ur uer u B akar i h ere .

h as t h e m e an in g o f hodo .

9
k 7
E1
(fli fi E ikyzz
'

fiq E1
(7 25K K
S uiei
)
‘
.

9 5
3;
m
KAN
(fi g? S é k an ,
fi }
g? Kans ku) KAN ,
(fi flfi ) Gan kan .

e
Hg ) (fl I g
In
DAN D an dan , Islzidan ; T AN
 JAPANE SE RE AD IN G FOR B E G I NNE RS
13 6
JAP A N E S E R E AD I NG FOR BE G I NNE RS
 VOLUM E 11 1. MORE C HINE SE CHA R A CTE RS .
13 9

n ak a n i m o Y ok os uk a t o Kure no g a s a ida i n a m on o de ar u. Mat a s h is e t s u

de Wa M it s ub is h i , Kawasak i to no z os e n jo g a m o t t o m o Ok ii Te ik ok u .
g u n

k an no Sat s um a W a Yo k os uk a, Ak i w a Kure d e t s uk ut t a n o do ar u .

Son k an no sh uz e n ,
s en t e i no nu ri -
k ae t o W0 su ur t ok o r o W0 s e n k yo to

iu . S e n k yo no s ok o t o m aw ar i sa m b o wa is h i
-
de t at a m a k a , k on k ur ii t o de
k at am e r u k a s h it e ar u . Fun e W0 s on o na ka ui ire t e ip po -
no t o b i ra W0

t o j i, s on o mi zu wo p o m p u de k ai das h it e k oj i
,
mi k ak a ru no de ar u . waga .

k un i de i c h i -
b an ok ii no wa Sa s e b o Kaig un Kos h o n o s en k yo de n agas a ,

b yak u -
s an - ju s h i
- -
k e n , k y ok o —
n o h ab a jfi k u k e n y o i n k as a h ac h i k e n y o ar u
-
,
-
’

FUYU GESHIKL =

Ki ni k ure n ai ni h ayas h i W 0 k az at t e it a k i no h am o ok at a W a c h ir i
h at e t e ,
m i Wat a s eb a,
-
sh i -
hé no y a m a yama -
no i t adak i W a h av a m as sh ir o
'
n i

n at t e iru . Yam a -
or o sh i no k az e Wa m i n i s h im i t e s am ui .

Not e s .
0
l KA
mm
( Kagen f gj ,
m Z éka ;
) g GA
(Ifl fi S hu

Kon kur iito : c on cr e t e .

P o mp u z pu m p .

0 Th is p iece an d t h e f o ll owin g on e ar e Wh at W e m ay c a ll p o e t ical pr os e

t h eref o re , rat h er d iffi c ul t .

© In o rder t o un ders t an d a l o n g an d c o m pl icat ed s e n t e n ce i t is o ft e n

a d v i s able t o d iv i de it in t o t wo o r m o re s h o r t er s e n t e n ce s by c h an g in g cer t ain
,

in defi n it e f o rm s in t o fi n i t e in fl e x i on s If t h e s e s en t en ce s ar e s t i l l t o o d if
.

fi cul t d is c ard t h e q ual i fy i n g cl au s e s s o a s t o e t a t t h e k ele t o o f t h e

,
g s n ,

s e n t e n ce ; t h e n a dd t h e d is c arded cl aus e s l i t t le by l i t t le Th e fir s t s en t e n c e .

o f t h is p i ece Ki n i , n atte i r u m ay be d iv i d ed in t o t w o by p ut t i n g chi r i

,

l ateia f o r chi r i li ai ete

i Th e firs t re s ul t in g s e n t e n c e may be c o n ce i v ed a s h a v in g
-
.

be e n b uil t up in t h e f oll ow in g way : Ki n o Zi a m o ok ata wa ckir i kateta t h e -

le av e s o f t h e t ree s h a v e m o s t o f t h e m bee n sc at t ered Hag/as hi wo k azatte i ta .

k i n o ha m o ok ala wa chi r i— Lateta t h e lea v e s o f t h e t ree s w h ic h dec o r at ed t h e ,

gr ov e s h av e m os t o f t h e m been s c at t ered Ki n i k ur en ai n i hayashi wo k azat

, .

te i ta k i no ha m o ok ata wa chi r i li aiet a t h e le av e s o f t h e t rees w h ic h d ec o r a

-
,

t e d t h e g rov e s W i t h yell o w an d r e d t in g e s h a v e m os t o f t h e m bee n s c a t t er e d ,

.
1 40 J APANE SE R E AD I NG FOR B E G I NNE RS
1 42 J A PA NE S E RE A D I NG FOR B E G I NN E RS
 VOLUM E lH . MOR E CH INES E CHARACTE RS .
1 43

h it o t s u m o mic -
n ai . Ni -
sa m -
ba no a h ir u g a k is h i no s h im o -
b as h ira W 0 f u mi
k udaki na g r
a a, s h ik iri ni e W0 as at t e ir u . In u W 0 t s ur e t a ot o k o g a ju W 0

k at a n i s hi t e , m o r i no ka ge k ara de t e k it e , az e - m i ch i zu t a i n i a c h ir a n o ok a

e m uk a t t a .

Z u don t o i ppa t s u . N an i W 0 ut t a no d ar e ? Ic h o no ki no k aras u Wa

is o ide y am a no he e n ig e t e ik u . H an no ki no s uz u m e wa ic h i -
do n i p at t o
t o b i- t at t a .

AME TO K A Z E .

Go -
ffi j u
il -
t o i t t o, i t s u k a -
got o no k aze , t ok a -
g ot o no a m e wa t ai he i b U ]l
no yo no ar is am a de ar u. Sat e k o n o am e k az e mo - s h ik i no jik o n i t s ur e t e ,

s o re z o re
-
ui c h ig an .

Ham no a m e wa s h im e yak a ni f ut t e , n ok i no t am ami zu n o ot o m o s h iz u k a

n i k ik o e ru . H aru no h aji m e n i f uru n o wa h i t o -

am e g ot o p i h an a wo m oyos u k a

to ur e s h ii . Ko -
h ak u h an a wa h i rak u e n -u n o u chi .
”
To iu k e s h ik i wa ,
s hiz uk a n a

na ka n i ut s uk us h ii n a g am e de am . S hik a s h i k o n o am e Wa yag a t e h a n a W o c h iras u

ame to na u no r de ,
s o n o t ok i Wa u r am e s h i i k o k och i g a su u r . Ame no h a re t a

N ot e s O
H
KE N ( aux n u m )
iii; G AN
(fi fi K ai an
>
‘
.
g . . .

Q Th i s s e n t e n c e is ell ip t i c al ; s upply k ikoeta .

G3 Go f d j iZ u s e as o n able Weat h er W in d e v e ry fi v e d ay s an d ra in e v ery

- -
,
1 44 JAPANE SE R E AD I NG FOR B E G INNE RS
JAPAN E SE RE AD I NG FOR BE GINNE RS
 V OL U M E IIL M O RE CH INE SE C H AR A CTE RS .
1 47

o m oWa z u -
k ub i W 0 ch i ji m e r u k o t o m o ar u . F uy u no am e n o h i wa m ijik ai

h i ga na os ara b ay a k a k ur ak u n a u. r Y o g a f uk e t e , am e no oto g a s h iz uk a

n i n at t a k ara , yan d a k ot o t o o m ot t e ir u t o , yok uch o o kit e mir e b a its u n o ,

ma n i y uki n i k awat t a k a, s o k o ra i ch im e n g in -s e k a i n i n a tt e ir u k o t o m o

a r u.

BO RUI SU TO SHOKUBUTSU NO KA N K EI .

C h o ya h ac h i w a h an a k ara h an a e is o g as h i - s o mi t o b i- mawa t t e h an a

no sh i u r wo s uu . S o n o t ok i h an a no na ka no k af un W a k o re - r a no m us h i

n i t s u i t e , h it o t s u no ha n a k a r a t a n o h an a n i den t at s u sa rer a . S h ok u b u t s u

no h an a ui Wa d osh a no ta n o h an a no k af un W0 nk er n t o , yo i m i W0

m us u b u m o n o g a ar u .

M at a b iy o ya t s u gum i Wa u t s uk us h ik u Jl k us h it e ir u k apt s u W 0 ts uib am u .

S o re g a t am e ni o n o z ut o s h us h i W0 a c hi ra k o ch ir a
-
e s am pu su u r .
To ri
b ak ari de Wa na i : h it o ya jfi r ui mo k ajit s u W 0 t ab e t e wa s on o s h us h i wo

h ob o e m ak i -
ch ir a s u no de aru .

“
Not es El KAI
(E a Kaif uku
) fig! KAI
(L g K
)
‘
.
; ai zen .

FUN p owder fl o ur , ; ri ce jk d iv ided C o m p are t h e f o l l o w in g

5} FUN ( m in ut e ) B U N ,
(fi fi B an ggo ;
) jg} FU N Kaf nn
fi
B ON ( t r ay ) .

Ry é
( a l) l Ryoslzin ,
fig§ Gill
EB RC’
(j i filg Tar o
).

Z lf ueubu h ere m e a n s t o be ar .

© Hiyo : hiyodor i .
1 48
JA PA NE SE R E AD I NG FOR B E G I NNE RS
JAPA NE SE RE A D ING FO R B E G I NN E RS
 V OLUM E III . MO RE C H N E SE I CH AR ACTE R S .
1 51

t o , kin gyo wa s h in de s hi m an . Ko re wa s u i ch u n i t o k e t e iru s an s o ga s ui

t s uk u s a re r u k ar a de ar u . Mo sh i s on o n ak a n i aoi m iz u k u s a w o i re t e
-
o k eb a ,

m iz u w o t orik ae -
n ak u t e mo k in gyo wa war iai n i n a ga k u iki t e iru . Ko re wa

ui i t ta k an k e i g a b in n ak a n o k in g y t o m iz u- k us a no ai da
lnae yo na no o

u i o k on a wa r e r u k ar a de aru .

Ko n o h ok a dob u t s u W a s h o k ub u t s u no k aji t s u , n e, h a t o wo k ut t e t ai

w o ya s hin ai , s h ok ub ut s u wa dob u t s u -
s h it s u no f uh aib ut s u W0 h iry o t o s h it e
s e ich o s u u r t o, eis o n jos -
dob ut s u t o s h o k ub ut s u no k an k e i wa k iwam e t e
.

m iss e t s u na m on o de ar u .

TSUJl ONGAKU .

Kas h ira n i wa s h im o wo i t a dak i ,

mi n i wa t s u z ur e wo m at o i, yas e
o t or o e ta k arad a wo g is o k u ni s asa e t e , mic h i -
b at a n i b ai orin w o h ii t e i ru

j
r o in no t S U JI on g a k u sh i g a ar u . Tok o r o wa Os ut oriya no sh u u f U iin no

d ai k oe n , k yo wa
-
n i g iya k a na s ai ji t s u de ar u .

C h ujit s u na in u w a f uru b os h i w o k uwa e t e

-
,
a ware n a s h u ji n n o t am e ni m ic h i

Not es . erv e t o c om pl ic at e t h e m e an in g o f t hi s
G S e v e ral m e t aph o rs s

p i ece H ere t h e o ld m an s w hi t e h air s are c o m p ared t o fr o s t

.
’
,
.

Q Fo re ig n pr o p er n a m e s wh e n writ t e n in k a n g i ar e g e n erally ph o n e t i c
’

t r an s cr ip t i o n s i e t h e c h arac t ers ar e us ed w it h o ut an y refere n ce t o t h e ir

, . .

m e an in o
o ,
e . g .

71” E A
23 5 3
NA
575 A D ,
C a n ad a ; o cc as i on ally the c h ara c t ers
are us ed i de o l o ic a lly , g as in Ox - f o rd . As re g ard s th e ph o n e t i c
re s e m bl an ce it m us t be l oo k ed f o r r at h er in re al - C h in e s e t h a n i n t h e q u as i
Ch in e s e p r o n u n c iat i o n u s ed in J a p an See vo l . . II, p . 93 . Fore i gn pr o per
n a m e s a r e o f te n wri t t e n i n k o t o k a
ma -
.

9
m T hi s c h arac t er ,
us ed h ere m erely f or it s s o un d ,
is v ery o ft en us ed
s um of m o n ey ,
'

a f t er a an d is t h e n re a d n ar z t h is n ar i n eed n ot be t r an s

m
,

l at e d ; e . g .

é fit fi é l Kin n i j zz icki yen n am 3 ? 2 1

-
‘
- -
’

,
.

9 —
5g C HIJ l o y al t y ; n at u a r lly referred to the h e a rt
43 " C o m p are t h e

f o ll ow i g n K
P CE O
( ii Fj C/
n zr i ts u,
‘

5q
‘
Tochd
) ; f
i; C HU
( fg%
fi x C at:
(1457
1 Ohak i
) .
a .
1 52 J APANE S E RE ADIN G FOR B E G INNE RS
1 54 J AP AN E SE RE A D IN G FO R BE G I NNE R S
 V OLUM E III MO RE C HINES E CHAR A CTE RS .
1 55

C h os h fi wa s hi - h o k ar a a t s um at t e k it e , m ir u u ch i ui o
h t y am a
i -
wo

k iz uit a . Om ok u s h iz un da s h i r ab e n i , k urai , k u r ai umi n o s ok o e h ik i k o m a r e r u

yo na k i ga su u r ka t o o mou t o , k aruk u uk i t at t a c h os hi n i, no k oe , y am a
k o e, f uwari f uwar i t o h aru g as um i
- -
no k an at a e t s ure t e i k ar e r u yo na k ok o r o

m o ch i n i n a u. r H e n k a k iwa mar i n ai myoo n wa t ach im ach i h it o no k ok o r o

w o h yak k a m an k ai no no do k a na h aru n i yowa se , m at a t a ch im ach i o ch i - ba

c h iri -
s h ik u a ki no s ab ish is a n i s h iz um as eru . Hi t o bit o wa
-
t ad a s h in k yo k u

n i k ok o r o w o ub awar e t e myoon no h ok a ni wa n an i -
m o n o mo m ie m o k ik o e
mo s h i- n ai .

Yay a at t e s h in s h i wa s hi b arak u h ik u t e wo yam e r u t o, ch os h fi wa ze n i

wo t s uk an de ar a s o tt e r o in j no s as ag e t a b os hi no na ka e na ge -
ir e ru . D ok a
t o i wa- z u, k in -
gi n k a t o iwa- z u, am e no furu yo ni t e - at ar i s hi d ai ni na ge
k omu . M a t a t ak u m a n i b osh i n i ippa i ni n at t a . B oj in wa k o re w o f uk uro
ui u t s us h i t e f ut at a b i b os hi wo s as h idas u . M iru m a mi m at a af ur e r u b ak a r i .

Sh in s h i w a s ara n i Os ut or iya n o k o kk a wo h ik i -
h a jim e t a . Ik u -
s e n n o ch os h fi

N ot e s 0 Th e
e ffec t o f t h e music on t h e h ea rers i s d e s cri bed in q uit e
.

a h ig h H O Wn s t yle
-
Th e s o rr o wf ul p ar t s ar e s upp o s ed t o m ak e t h e m feel as
.

i f t h ey were b e in g drawn t h r o u g h t h e d a rk dep t h s o f t h e se a ; an d t h e

l igh t er m el o d ie s t o c a rry t h e m o n a s prin g h a ze ov er field s an d m o un t ain
,
s
.

Th en a g ain t h e be aut iful s o un d s ar e c o m pared t o t h e b l o om o f n u m berle s s

,

fl o wers a n d t o t h e l o n el in e s s o f au t u mn w it h i t s f alle n leav e s .

Q Kok or o wo ubawar er u t o b e s o ab s o rbed in at t e n t i o n t o o n e t h in g as

t o b e o bl iv i o us o f t h e re s t .

© Kin gin k a g o ld an d s il v er c oin s

-
.

® Te ata r i s hidai ml w h at e v er c am e t o h an d .

-
7H § Ipp ai fu ll .

©A/ur er u baka r i a lm os t to o v erfl ow in g .

1 JAPANE SE R E AD IN G FOR B EG I NN E RS
 1 58 J AP A NE SE RE A D I NG FOR BE G I NNE RS

NE WS PA PE RS .

N ews p apers ar e s om e t im es writt en in t h e l it erary st yle ,

an d s om e t im e s

in t h e f o r m al st yle . E ve n in
!
t h is l at t er c as e th e be gin n er w ill fi n d th em

f ar fr o m e as y as t hey ha ve cert ain pec ul iari t ie s o f t h e ir own . Th e prin c ip al

t h in g s to be o bs er v ed ar e t h at , fr om m o t iv e s o f e co n omy o f s p ac e an d

t im e , t h ey ar e v ery f on d o f ab bre viat i on s ,

an d t h ey us e v ery few pun ct ua

t i on m ark s . In t h e ex t ra
ct s giv e n h ere we ha ve a d ded a few m ark s as an

as s is t an ce t o th e s tu de n t : we ha ve l o ch an g e d man y
a s na mes o f pers on s

an d pl aces .

Th e f o ll o w in g a bbre v iat i on s occ u r in t h es e ex amples

Den f o r a
ga d m $
'

as , r
. e
p o o r 5 1? d en s ln n .

S lzo f o r g gg ei
k atsu slaa
s -
.

P
55 S lzo f o r iij?
i ”
- shobai .

fi Tet f or fi g] tei koku .

j< Dai f or ye s dai gaku-

.

Yaku f o r 152 A y u mn
'

k
I
a -
.

m Gaku f o r $52 ga k k o .

GE 3 673 f or Qfi fi s et to.
‘
-

$ yo for a s
K 36
; kyokai .

Th e f o ll ow in g c h arac t ers h av e ot h er m o re o r les s imp o rt an t m e an in gs

b es i de s t h os e giv e n in ou r B E GINNE B S
’
DICTIONARY or CH INE SE JAPANE SE
-

CHARACTE RS . Th e s t ud n t e w ould d o well to n ot e t h em c arefu lly .

 V OL UE M III . MO R E CH I NESE CHARA C TE RS .
1 59

RAI d H o m n g o r pr o c eed in g fr o m o m
515 an a ATS U c i fr , .

f S am th e l as t . Th eref o re ,
8 am ichij itsu m e an s , t he firs t o f t h is

m on t h ; a icki n i cb i t h e 3 l st o f l as t m on t h ai n ichi
'

s ar u s an j - -
8 am
s - -

w oul d m e an ,
th e 1 2 th of th is m on t h , if we ar e S pe ak in g a ft er th e

1 2 th , or ,
th e 1 2 t h o f l as t mo n t h , if we ar e s pe ak in g on o r befo re

t h e 1 2 th .

K n g in g
F o o e s pec ially in e x pre ss i o n s [JEFF f uka,
‘

A in r bel to : th e

EFF k en k a , an ? tak a .

75 Kata in or bel o n gin g to th e h ous e of ; l o

a s ,
a r o u gh in d icat io n of

t im e , a b ou t ,
n e ar ,
as in 3 5
2 93 7; yoak e -
gata at day b re ak -
.

g KUN an h on orifi c us ed l ik e S an ,
b ut le s s p ol it e ; Mr .

2
‘
SAI ye ars o f ag e .

[ ff
S c o r fi FU '

s um t o h an d o v er ,
to su b m it to .

Eff : Uttaer u t o rep ort ,

t o in f o rm . Th e c o mb in at ion E
ffi m flj zg uttae -
der u

is l o
a s us ed in t h is sa m e m e an in g .
160 JA PANE SE RE AD ING FOR BE G INN E R S

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ICHI - YA DAIJIN .

( R o ma raiden ) T. as uk an i i c hi ni s umu
S e rut aru do no in k a m a
a -

wa s ak i- g o r o Furor e n s u B e ik ok u Ryoji n o t s fi k ok u wo uk e , shin s eki

,
~
no

u i de h i c h i -
b y ak u m a i a w u k t s uida
y g s s ye n o s
-
o n e n -
n n n o e -
.

Not es .
0 Tas ukan ii s umu i s a v erb al phr as e us e d as an ad jec t iv e ;
. . .

it qu al ifie s un ten shu ; a c h auff e u r l i vin g in t h e c o un tr y t o w n o f C ert ald o in

Tus c an y
9
fi b
‘
fig U k e ts u
-
gzt T h
. e s e t w o c h ar a c t er s
( wi t h o u t t h e i n t er v e n i n g Kan a)
al s o f o r m t h e C h in e s e c om p o un d S lz okei whi ch h as t h e s am e m e an i n g viz
‘

.
,

t o s ucceed as h e ir .
 162 J A P A NE SE RE ADI NG FOR B E G I NN E RS

1
0 W A M E
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S AN-JIS SE N NO DOROBU DE
-
U SAWAGI
-
.

J u k u—n ic h i n o g
o ze n ui- ji o r o F uk a awa k u g g
in am i ch o n o _t o k o ya M - -

A s an o k at a n i , s an -n i n u m i n o -
g g
ot o g a o s h i-it t a t o i n ut t a e n i , O og i bas hi
s h o i n g a s h ut ch o s h i t e , k i n o n o m o n o t o t e w a k e s h it e d ok e wo t o r i k ak o m i
j , .

dan -dan s h ir a b e t a g a ikk o s o n n a y os u ga n ai Y o k u-y o k u s h ir ab e ru t o h i t o r i

.

n o z ok u
g a d ok e e ir i k in s a
, n ji s s e n w
-
o s e s s h-
u s h i t e n i e d as h i t a n o w o g -
,

fuk in n o m on o g a mit s uk e t e , s at e w a k o n o s a wa i t o wak at t a

‘

g .

Not e s . Th is p arag ra p h m ay b e d iv i ded in t o 6 s e n t e n ce s wh ic h fi n is h

”

at t h e f o ll o win g w o rd s : s hutcho s hite tor i k akom i s hi r abeta n ai m its uk ete

,
-
, , , ,

wak atta . In t h e firs t s e n t en ce s ku n iclzi ,

- - os lzi i tta i s
. t h e c o m pl ain t in
. . .
-

de t ai l ; t h is is s um mari z ed i n t h e w o rd s to i n A f t er attae n i you m us t .

W e h av e t h u s i n s k el e t o n
“
s u pply ai te 4 ts ui te o r t s uki to i n
3
s a
. .
, ,

n ttae n é k i 0 i b i i o o n d t h is
( t su ) _ g as k s h o n
g a s hu tc h o s hi ta ( o n a cc u n t f ) t h i
c om pl ain t t h e O g i b as h i po l ice o ffic ia l we n t out t o i n v e s t ig at e .

9 Th e f ram ew o rk o f t h e fif
t h s e n t e n ce is : Yaka yoku s ki r aber a to (kor e)
we f ukin n o m on o ga m i ts uketa
!
H ere lam e s t an d s f o r t h e w o rd s kitor i n o
.
,

zoku
g a n .n i g e d a
-
s /
zi ta n o w h i c h de s cr i be w h a t w a s d i s c o v ered ; t h ere ar e

t h ree p o in t s : nito r i n o zoku ga doke 6 73 7 75 k in s an is 8 6 77 w e 8 88 8 7116 s hite n ige

j
Th e s e t h ree p oin t s ar e o n e c om
. ,
,

dashita . ple x v erb al a d je ct iv e wh ic h q ual ifie s

t h e f o ll o win g n o : n o i s h ere eq ui va le n t t o koto .
 VOLU ME III . MORE CH INES E C HAR AC TERS .
1 63

(at m e n s e s
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a t t i
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m a s si v e /r e m f
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a < z
g
BOJT
) KE M BUN -
.

A s ak us a - bas h i
d e n s h ka a
a n i r y a t t e k o s a t o n o r i-
k o n d a i n a k a-
n o b a -
s an ,

s h as h c) kun k i w k i r i i m e e t at s u t o f t o k or o n o d on z o k o m a de
'

a u o a u
g pp n ,

t e wo t s uk k o n de , b a s n -
a w a s h ib a r a k u m o j i-
m op n o s u e , yag at e t o1 i das h it a -

o
m m n e n o h i t o- t s ut s um i, s o re w o t e it e dash it a n o w a k ami z ut s u m i, s o re w o
m at a t o it e m at a t o k i s uru ; ya g at e i ra ir a s h i t e ir u s h as ho s an n o m e n o -

m ae n i sa h i das ar e t a n o
s 1v a ju -
n e n m o m a e n o d c n s h a -
k e n i c h i -
m a i s h ik a m o

w a r i b i k i n o k at a w a r e d e a r u S has h o s a n a k ir e t e s h ib ar ak u d am at t e i t a g a
.

sh i k a t a g a n o t o h as am i w o ir e t a .

Not e s R j o hem bun T h in s s ee n an d h e a rd o n t h e r o ad

.
0 o -
. g .

6 T h i s p ara ra p h m a
y be gd i v i ded i n t o 8 s e n t e n ce s w h i c h fi n is h a t the
g
f o ll o w in w o rd s : ts ukkond e, hito ts uts umi , k am i- zuts n mi , s um , de a r u, akir ete,
-

da m a tte i ta , i r et a T
. h e fr a m ew o
. r k o f t h e fir s t s e n t e n ce i s : {n a k a n o b d -
s an

f l o; o n o
ido/ don zolco m ade te mo ts uhk on da T h e w o rd s A s ahus a has hi n or ri . . .

kond o ar e a de s cr ipt i o n o f t h e o ld l ady

. Th e w o rd s s hasho ’
zats n t o t ell . . . .

u s w h a t t h e c on d u c t o r was d o in g
w hile t h e o ld 11 o m an was f um bl in g i n t h e
dep t h s o f h e r b o s o m .

9 l n t h e s ec o n d s e n t e n c e t h ere i s a t r an s p o s it i o n o f t h e w o rd s : c o n s i der

t h e m i n t hi s o rd er bd s a n n o shibav a hn m oj i m oj i n o s ue yagate m om en n o
.

hi to ts utsum i ( wo) tor i das hita .

p
° In t h e t h ird s e n t e n ce s u ply de a m t h us : s or e 2 00 2507566 das hi ta n o wa

k a m i zut s um i ( de a r u) , s h e un t i ed i t a n d w h a t s h e t oo k o ut was a p a per

-

b un dle .

6 Th e fif t h s be red uc ed t o t h e fo ll o w i n g : yagate Shas ho s an

e n t e n ce m ay
n o m e n o m ae n i s as hi das ar eta m on o 1 0a f u -
r a i dens ha— ken ichi m o i de a r u Th e -
.

w o rd s i r a i r a shite i r u ar e de s cr ip t iv e o f t h e c o n d uc t o r s feel in g s ; a n d t h e
-

1 1 o rd s m e n o a n d s hi k a m o wa r ibihi n o k a ta wa r e a r e a de s cr i p t i o n o f
'

J Z
z n en m-
o a
t h e t ic k e t : i n t h e s k ele t o n t h e s e h a v e bee n re p l a ced by t h e s i n g le w ord f or m .

0 In t h e l as t s e n t e n ce we m a
y s u p p ly t h e w o rd s i i n aga r a o r i t le b e

t ween to an d has am i .
 1 64 :
J A PA NE SE RE A D I NG FO R BE G INNE RS

A "
MC I ! H
ill "
A 4 {g
1

21 k 2
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n fF A is Hi 21 la;
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t
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Q 75) W 6

G11 an t i s m
-
NISE -
ISHA SHI TE BATSU .

Kois h ik awa k u To s ak i ch o Tamura t o i n o t ok o wa h on g e t s u jojun

’

- -
no -

k ara i k k ai g o ye n de ki n jo n o m o n o n i s a rub ar us an n o c h ii sh a wo s hit e i t a

- -

s o n o uc h i n o h it or i g a s an k ai m e k a ra me n i k o s h o w o o k o shit a n o d e
- -
g a,

u t t ae r ar e n i s e i s h a t o wa k at t e
,
-
k e is at s u e ka m m on s are t a
, .

N ot es .
0Th is p arag raph v
m ay be d i i ded i n t o 4 s e n t e n ce s wh i ch fi n i s h
at t h e f o ll o win g w o rd s : shite i ta, n ttaer a r e wakatte, s ar eta Th e fram ew o r k
,
.

o f t h e fi r s t s e n t e n c e is Ta ma r a t o i n otoko wa kinjo n o m on o n i s ar ubar us an

,

n o c h ns ha w o s hi te i t a K.o i s hi ha w a hn To s a ki -
cho no ar e d e t ai l s ab o ut Tamur a
-
‘

Hon getsn J éj n n k ar a i s t h e t im e Ih k ai go yen de i s t h e pri ce d e m an ded

'

- - -
. .

g ln t h e t h i rd s e n t e n c e s upply a s f o ll o ws : ( s or e de) n ise isha (do) to -

wakatta .
 1 66 J APA NE SE RE A D IN G FO R B E G I NNE RS

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SAKURA-MARU cm ivi s or s u .

Fuk us h i ma k e n Is h i k aw a m ac hi Su z u k i Ko y o Kab us h ik i Kais h a n o g

S ak ura M aru ( is s e n
- -
b y ak u s h i c h i ju - g o —
- -
t o n ) wa m uik a V Vak am at s u-k o wo
h as s h i, Os ak a ui m uk au t o c h u Se t o n aik ai Kur us h im a k ai kyo d e um n i n o r iag e ,
-

e
s nt ia w a t s um i -
n i n o t e t s u z ai i s s e n t o n t o t o m o n i c h im b o t s u s h i t a
-
S on ai . g
ya k u j u m a
-
n ye n ,
n o r i k u m i-
in J l. w a b e t s u jo n a i .

Not es O Th is pa ra g raph m ay be d iv ided in t o 5 s en t e n ce s wh ic h fi n is h

.

at t h e f o ll o w in g w o rd s : hasshi n or i age chi mbots u s hi ta yen n ai

-
, , In t h e , , .

firs t s e n t e n ce t h e wo rd s Fn 7cn shim a hen ton ar e de t ail s ab o u t t h e s h ip

-
. . . .

S akn m Mar n
-
.

9 l n t h e s ec o n d s e n t e n ce Osak a n t m ukau is a erb al ph ras e wh ic h v

q ual ifie s tocha .

9 l n t h e t h i1
d s e n t en ce tets uzai is sen ton is i n a pp os it i on t o ts umi n i
- - -

s e e V o c ab no .

” In t h e f o ur t h s e n t e n c e s u ppl
y
ole atta a f t e r yen .
 VOLUM E II I“ MO R E CHI NE SE CH AR A CT E RS .
167

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L 1: 11 f z ~6
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"

72 a £11 t a s t el e s s?
t r a e
c a s o
c m
lit
s s s i s n ls s a x .

ICHI J I NI SAN NIH

- -
W 0 HOBAKU .

S uz ak i -
k e i j i T an ak a t o in h it o wa F uk agaw a Kur o e ch o S u zak i k an
sh o no -

n o d e n s h a n o n ak a de i d k i w u e t h i t o t o k o w o t o r a et a g a s ur u
g e s s a
-
n o e r o ,

t o s o ba k a ra f u t ar i n o o t o k o
g a
“
N an i k a n o m a c h i g ai d e s ho t o k a n an
”

t o k a k uc h i W 0 das h it a n o wo m it e ; “ H a h a d oru i da n a t o h ayak u mo , ,

m it e to r i t ak um i n i s on o f ut a r i wo m o t s ur e t e g e s h a s h it e S uz aki sh o e
, ,
-

t s ur e k o n de s h imat t a
-
Tori s h ir a b e r u t o H an ad a Tam o t s u N ak ai Y o sh i o
.
, ,

Sa k ai E i c h it a t o iu s an n in n o s u i t o h ak ujc) s h it a
'

- r
.

Not es T h is p arag rap h m ay be d iv i ded in t o 6 s en t e n ce s wh ic h fi n is h

.
”

a t t h e f o ll o w in g w o rd s : tor aeta m ite m i tetor i ges ha shi te shim atta shi ta ,

.
, , , ,

T h e f a m ew o rk o f t h e fi rs t s e n t e n ce is : Tan aha wa den s ha n o n ak a de otoko

r

wo tor a eta .Suzaki sho hito wa i s a d e s cri p t i o n o f Tan aka

-
. . . . Fukagawa .

Kur oe ché S uzaki icon n o q ual ifie s dens ha G in dohei wo sur é to shita i s a
-
.
-

v erb al p h r a s e wh ich q ual i fie s otoko .

9 Th e s
ec on d s e n t en c e m ay be red u ced t o fi ctar i n o otoko ga kuchi wo da
s hi ta n o n o m ita S ur n to i s a k in d o f c o n j un c t i o n al i n t r o d u c t i o n : soba kar a is
.

the pl ce w h ere t h e t wo m e n were

a N an i ha n o m achigai des hé to ho n an to
. .

ha i s w h at t h e m e n s ai d : p art is a d i rec t q uo t at io n b u t t h e w o rd s n an t o ,

ho s h o w t h at t h ey s ai d o t h er t h in g s be s i de s t h at .

9 Th e t i
h rd s e n t e n ce is : Ha ha dar n i do n o to hoyo ka m o m itetott a , ,
.

W e h av e h ere a d irec t qu o t at i o n d epen d in g o n E C 1131 m itetor u t o

’

,
“

perce i v e Th is ma y s ee m s t ra n g e b ut i n t h e J ap an e s e m in d t h e q u o t at io n
.
,

re p re s en t s t h e w o rd s t he man s ai d t o h im s elf w h e n h e perce iv e d t h at t h e

t w o o t h e rs were p al s o f t h e p ic k po c k e t .

O ln
t h e l a s t s e n t e n ce t h o u g h t h e m e an in g i s cle ar t h e c o n s t r uc ti o n is ,

s o m ew h a t s t r an g e e v e n fr o m a J a p an e s e p o in t o f v iew : We m ig h t perh ap s
c all it j o urn a le s e Th e m o re l o g ic al c o n s t ruc t ion w o uld be
. to i n s an n i n . .
-

ri
'

ya s u do to ha k zg o shita .
 1 68 JAPANES E RE A DI NG FOR B E G INNE RS

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'

- ~ -

n i s e in e n m i i e w h y k i k o n in g a b ak k e n
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t or is h ir ab e r u t o , s e in e n wa f uk a M
uk oj i m a S um i d a n i s u mu S h im ak i Ta k e ich ir o
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- -

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ok o s h i t ao re t a m o n o t o h am m e i B ak k e n s h it a t ok i wa s h i o s an - j ik an w o
. g
k e ik a s h i t e i t a .

Not es D o n o t c on f oun d 5k MI im a da n o t ye t w it h ERMAT S U s ue e n d

.
0
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9 Thi s p ara g ra ph
m ay be d i v i ded i n t o 5 s e n t e n ce s w h i c h fi n is h at t h e
f oll o win g w o rd s : hakken s hite n ar i shutché s hi te hamm ei (shita) shite i ta
, , , , .

In t h e fir s t s e n t e n ce t h e s ubjec t i s a f t er t h e o bjec t R e t ur n i n g t h e m t o .

t h e i r l o g i c a l pl a c e s we h av e : ha a— k i i ak o n in ga s ein en ga zets ume i s hi te

‘

y a n o ts -

ir u no mo hak k en shita —
J iz k n n i chi n o god he gata t ell s us t h e t i m e ; dot ats u
.
- -

en n o m ae n o h é dé ben chi n i t ell s u s t h e pl a ce

y .

9 In t h e s ec o n
d s e n t e n c e , v i z : 6 s a wagi to n atta, t h e us e o f to s avo ur s
-

s o m ew h at o f t h e l it erary s t yle i i s c o m m o er i t h e c o ll o q u ial

; n n n .

3 T
h e f o ur t h s e n t e n ce m ay be red u ce d t o t h is : t or is hi r aber u to k or e de
att a t o ham m ei s hita
‘
N o t ice firs t t h at hamm ei s ur u is a n i n t r an s it i e v erb ,
. v
t o bec o m e cle a r , t o b ec o m e k n o wn Th e w o rd s he r e ( Ze atta to i n o ur
.

s k ele t on c o rre s p on d t o t h e f o ll o w in par t o f t h e t e x t sein en wa g taor et a , .

m on o (de att a ) t o Th is is wh at bec am e k n o wn ; it m ay b e c ons idere d as

.

g p
c on s is t in o f f o ur ar t s : ( a) sein en wa N a r it a Takeo to i n J iZ hu n o m on o ole
'

( a tt a) ( )
, b m a n o ba n
e h a m h o r n n i u k a r ete ,
t a i s ha wo s hi ta n o
g o t a ta r i
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c t ach i? de s h i n ed m a h i w o o k os hi ( d ) t e o r et a T h e s e ..

g
f o ur cl a us e s t o e t h er m ay be c o n s i dered a s o n e c o m ple x v erb al p h ras e wh i ch
q ual ifie s m on o fac t o r f a c t s Th e w o rd s f n ka Muk ojim a .
y atoi n in ar e . .
-

v
de s cri p t i e o f N ari ta Ham n i n ka re r u m e an s t o be c arri ed away by t h e
.

g
feel in o f s prin g
Tatar n t o h a e a b ad re s ul t
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 1 70 J A PAN E s E RE ADING FOR BE GI NNE RS

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O t owa
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Ju g at
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9
Th is p arag raph m ay be d ivi ded in t o 4 s e n t e n ce s wh i c h fi in is h at t h e :

f oll o w in g w o rd s : tots uide i ta k aer i s hita am ,

Th e firs t s e n t e n ce i s i n
, , .

s k ele t o n : Ha m ho w a s al m n en J d gats n Ryé kichi n i totsuide ita Th e w o rd s

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 V OLUM E III . M O R E CH INE SE C HARAC TE RS .
1 71

TOKYO NO HIGAI .

Yok a c h orai n o o- k a ze wa y o n i it t e iyo iyo m oi wo f ur u i k o t o D i 6 -

,

- i c hi k a k u u i wa m o h a a h i t o - d or i m o m are
a m e n i n a t t a n o do, j j
fi y ni f uyoi ,

no h ti o -
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k ak u h om e n de m o k an ari n o h i ai g a aru m ik e m i de c h os a —
g c h i i de a r u
'

, .

Not es Th is par ag raph

.
0 v
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at t h e f o ll o wi n g w o rd s : f ur ai ,
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KAN JI SE IGE N NO J IKKo SOKUSHIN S E NDE N

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Kok u g o C h os a Kai de k o n o
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M o m b us h o S e ig e n Kan -ji J ik k o S o k us h i n Kai t o k a it a o h at a wo s e n t o n i, -

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n i h at a wo m u s ub i- t s u k e t e h an a t t ar i m o s h i t a n o de n ig iyak a d e a t t a .

N ot es .
0
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“
Senden p ro p g a an da .

9 Th is p
r g rap h m ay be d ivi ded
a a o 5 s e n t e n ce s w h i c h fi n is h at t h e in t
f o ll o w i n g w o rd s : de ar u ats am e wakachi s en den w o shita att a In t h e fi rs t
, , , ,
.

s e n t e n ce Kok n o Cho
g s a Ka i d e k on o a i da het t ei s hi ta i s a v erb al p h r a s e wh i c h
‘
q ua l ifies seigen Ha n s hi ta t or i de ar u m e an s l it era lly is as w e a n n o un ced
.

i e w e c o n fir m w ha t w e s a i d a few d ay s a g o
. . T h i s j o u rn a l i s t ic f o r m u l a . ,

hod o s hita tor i de a r u go i s u s e d a f t er repe at in g a p i ece o f n ew s p re v i o u s ly

, ,

g iv e n as an in tr o d uc t io n t o an acc o u n t o f s o m e n e w de v el o pm e n t o r fur t h er
,

d e t a il s .
 1 72 JA P ANES E RE A DI NG FOR B E G I NN E RS

” Th e fram ew ork o f t h e s ec o dn s e n t e n ce is : k on o tam e, Kan J i S eigen -

J i lche Ka i de w a seito n o yashi wo ats umeta w o rd s : s eigen n o s hui wo . Th e

tettei teki n i shi r as er u ar e a de v el o p m e n t o f k on o ta me t h ey a r e a erb a l a djec t i e ,
v v
wh i c h q ual ifie s ta/me J d s a n n ichi n o gozen k u Ji kar a is t h e t im e ; Hibiya
' '

- - -

k oen n i is t h e p
l ace : s hin ai s hogaku are de t ail s a b o ut t h e s c h o lar s .

“ In t h e t h i r d s e n t e n ce wakachi c o m e s fr o m wakats u t h is v erb is c o m

m on er in t h e l it erary s t yle : i n c o ll o q uia l yo u say w aher u p as t t e n s e ,

n aketa
'

6 Th e f o ur t h s e n t e n c e is : Mom bn sho s en den a o s hi t a L o i c a lly , t h e

. . . . g
prin c ipal p art o f t h e s e n t e n ce is t h e l as t oi n i senden wo shita an d t h e
g g
e n eral m e an in g is by d o in t h is a n d t h at a re at m an ifes t o was pre s en t ed ’
g .

Mombn sho gy or.ets.u s

. h i
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ai l s o f t h e m an i fe s t o v i z :
( )
a t h e ,
.

b i g b an n er a t t h e h e ad Mombas hd sen to n i (shite) an d. .b

( ) . t h e pr oc e s s i o n ,

k a kuj i k akete
. “ A b o ut t h is pr o ce s s i o n ( b ) we ar e
. i e n t w o pa rt ic ul a r s gv
g
t h e s ma ll fl a s wh i c h were wa ed k a kuj i v
n agar a an d t h e S c a rf s w o rn ” . .
,

ta suki wo k akete Tasuki d o e s n ot m e an h ere t h e o rd in a ry c ord u s ed by

.

v v
h ous e wi e s an d s er an t s wh e n at w o rk f o r i rd in u p t h e s lee v e s , b ut a s c arf g g
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t i me s , as h ere , i t i s us ed s in g ly.
 1 74 J A P ANE S E RE A D I NG FO R B E i I NN E RS
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h yos h o s u be k i m o n o t o s h i U ed a s h o c h o wa A k aik e s o kan n i h y os h o n o ,

j os h in u i oyo n da .

N ot es Th is pa ragr aph m ay be d i v i ded i n t o 5 s e n t e n ce s w h ic h fi n is h

.
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de t ai l s a b o ut Ts n r u ko ai no 90 J 12 hachi is an a bbre v i o n o f
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9 In t e s e c o n d s e n t e n ce s u pply s hi te a f t er s hutcho .

e Th e fif t h
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 V OLUM E III . MORE C B INIB E CHAR AC TE RS .
1 75

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.
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, ,

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s hit a .
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J l A t .

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. . . t h ey ar e ,

w h a t Wa s s ai d by N o ucli i T h fr m ew o r k o f t h i s en t e n ce i s : t o
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p .

Hodokos u h ere m e an s t o ’
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g p
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 1 76 J APA N E S E R E AD I NG FOR BE IG INNE RS

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k e ik a i m i d o r yo k u s h i ,
h o h e i da i s h i c h i j
- fi sh i h i
c re n t
-
a i y o ri m o sh ok o ik a
s a m byak u m e i s h u t s u do s h it e , k ak u s h o wo k e i b i s h i , de n s h i n de n w a wa f ut s ii t o
‘
- -

n a ri ,
de n s h a n o u n t e n m at a fuk an o t o n at t a T s uit ac h i as a u i i t ari , Kei j o
.

s h i n a i wa z e m b a s h in s ui s h i, s an j o wo t e i s h i , h i ai j in d ai n o m ik o m i, m ata g
g
O yok k o m o z o s u i h an ah ada shi k u , Sh in is h u s h i ai wa dak ui yu u i t s u t su mar e , g
k ik en k on o ue m o n ak u , yu b in k o n o b y ak u s h i jik k o wa yus o f uk an o t o -

n ari , s o n o m am a t e it ai s h i t e ir u ( Ke i j o i c h i j i t s u t o k u den
) -
.

N ot e s T h is p arag raph m ay b e d iv i ded in t o 1 1 s e n t e n ce s w h i c h fin is h

.
0

at t h e f o ll ow in g w o rd s : shin s ui 8 71i ( )
8 7
1i d or
, yokn 87 1i ke ibi 87 1i n ar i
, , , ,

n atta, teisli i , m ikom i (dc ar u) , n aku, s hi te i 1 11

s hin s ui 8 7
1i , .

9 Th e t en t h s e n t e n ce fin ish e s w it h an a djec t i v e in t h e ad v erb ial f or m ,

n ak u : see g
pa e 6 ( f) Th e e x pre s s io n ki kan k on o 116 m o
. n a i is s t r o n g l y

e m ph at i c , t h e d an g g
er c an n o t b e re at er t h an i t i s .

9 In t he l as t s e n t e n ce 1? 73: 5 Kon o m e an s m ail- b ag .

 1 78 J A PA NSE R E AD IN G I
FO B B E G NN E RS

DOS OKU W 0 KIN Z -

U .

TSU KO W 0 KIN Z U -
.

KITSU -
EN W 0 KIN Z -
U .

E IGYC JIKAN .

Gozen k u ji yor i
-

—
G o o san i ui it aru
g j .

Doyo s h ogo m ade .

N ot es . We h av e h e re a f e w publ ic n o t ice s : t h ey are in t r o d u ce d as

0

e x am ples o f a c ur io us c on s t r uct ion s om e t im e s me t w it h ; v iz t h e Ja p an e s e .

,

o cc as i o n ally writ e a s e n t en ce in t h e Ch in e s e o rder a l t h o ugh t h ey rea d i t in

,

t h e J apan e s e o rder .To re ad it t h us t h ey h av e t o t ak e t h e c h ar a c t ers o u t

,

o f t h e ir t urn an d s o m e t im e s s upply p os t p os it ion s o r t erm in at i o n s T h u s t h e

, .

l in e 311511 13 is re a d a s if wr it t e n i g z j g f do s ok u 1 00 k in K i n 1111 i s -

a l it era ry s t yle i n fi e x io n o f t h e v er b ki n za r u
- -
.

9 Th i s l i n e i s re ad
as i f wr it t e n w it h
a a t t h e b ot t o m .

9
Th is l in e is re a d as if writ t e n w it h 5 at t h e b ot t o m t h e p ar t icle ni,

mus t al s o b e s u pp l i ed .
 VO L UM E III M O RE CHI NE SE CHARA C TE RS
. .
( App en di x ) .

1 79

A PPE N D I X I .

List of Ch aract ers

Th e fo ll o wi n g l is t is b as ed on a l is t publ is h ed by t he M om b us h o in
1 92 3 . We ha ve , h o we v er ,
a dded s o me t we n t y c ha ra c t e rs o f o ur o wn whi c h
we c o n s ider in d is pen sa ble or at leas t v ery us eful . In d o in g t h is , it is n ot

o ur in t e n ti on t o crit ic iz e the M o m b us h o l is t . Th e M o mb us h o may be ri gh t

in sa y in g t h at in f ut ure pe o ple sh o uld a bs t ain fr o m us in g c h arac t ers l ik e

1 ai 2 e tc . an d t h at t h ey sh o ul d us e kan a in s t e ad . Th at may

be so ; b u t i t i s a f ac t t h at , up to n ow , t h es e c ha rac te rs ha ve b ee n us ed
freely e v eryw h ere ( in cl u d in g the M o m bu s h c) t ex t b ook s ) d it is pr ob able
'

,
an

th a t m an y wi ll c o n t in u e t o us e t h e m in s p it e o f the M o mb us h o s ’
r e co m m e n da

t io n s . T h at is wh y we h a ve in cl uded t h e m in t h e l is t .

As re g ar ds the f o rm o f t he c h arac t ers ,

we prefe r as a rul e the f o rm
m os t c omm o n in prin t . Fo r in s t an ce , t h e M o mb us h o g iv e s an d as an

abbre via ti on n ow the onl y f o rm to be foun d in mo st prin tin g sh o ps is

an d t h is is t h e f orm we prefer .

Th e si g n A pl aced a g ain s t a c h ara c t er m e an s t h at it was stu d i ed in

th e pr eced in g v o l um e : the si g n O is pl aced a gai nst t h os e c h arac t er wes

su gg e st sh o uld be s tu d ied at th is pre s e n t s ta ge .

1 80
J APANIS E R E AD I NG FOR BE I NNE RS
G
VO LUM E III
. M O R E CHI NE SE C H A RACTE RS .
1 83
 1 84 .
J A PA NFSE R E A D I NG FO R B EG I NNE RS .

A PPE ND IX II .

Ph on et i c r e l at ion s b et w ee n t h e Ch in es e r e adi n gs

of the s am e ch ar a ct e r .

Mo st of the ch arac t e rs lh av e ,
t h e o re t ic ally at le as t ,
t wo or m o re Ch in e s e
re a di gn s, a l t h ough in t h e g reat m aj o rit y o f c as e s o n ly on e is in o rd in ary
us e . In t h e c as e o f t h os e , in w h ic h t wo re a d in gs ar e c o mm o n ,
i t wi ll be
n o t ed t h at t h e s e re ad in gs ar e ge n erally rel at ed to e ach o t h er an d t hat on e

m ay be de duc ed fr o m the o ther by m ak in g cert ain defin it e c h an g e s w hi c h

c on f o rm to s ix t ype s . We ha ve e n de av o ured to sho w t h e s e p h o n e t ic rel a
t i on s in t h e t able giv e n b el ow .

In the p airs o f re a d in gs as sh own t h ere , we ha ve no in t e n t i o n of

su gg e s t in g t h at t he 2 n d is deriv ed fr o m t he l st an y m o re t h an t h e l s t

fr o m the 2 n d : an d a s f ar as th e pre s e n t stu dy is c on cern ed it is i m mat eri al

wh e t h er We o c ns i der ,
e . g . ta as c o m in g fr o m tai by dr o pp in g th e i , or ta i

as c o min g fr om ta by a dd in g an i .

S om e o f the rel at i on s ar e c on s idered as ka n a rel at io n s ,

an d s om e as

r é m a-
j i z t h us , w h en t he ch an g e 0111: t o ts u is c o n s i dered as m erely a c h an g e
of t h e i t o u, t h at o f c o urs e is on a cc o un t o f t h e k ama t able o f s o un ds : on

the ot h er h an d wh en we
,
s p e
ak of ska ch an g in g to 3 a by dr opp in g t h e 71,

at i on
t h a t is a rom anfl rel -
.

We h av e pl a ced wit h in p are n t h e s is t h os e p airs in whi c h t wo p h on e t i c

c han ge s o c cur at t he s am e t im e : t h us in loo-
go,
we ha ve 1 st n igor i , an d 2 n d

a lo g n 6 ch an gin g to a sh o rt 0 ; in Z ru
r ya -
we h a ve t he dr o ppi n g o f t he y

an d l on g 22 c h an g in g to sh o rt 25 ; e t c.

I . Cl os el y r el at e d Con son an t s . N i
( g )or i .

‘
k -g; k a ga f — k i : if} ; k aku gaku éfi ; ken gen a
s l 1
g [ 1]
“

j a gar - - -
; ed o 1 -
;
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15 -2
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Er; u s an zan -
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i} ; ski fl
-
: jt ii; 5 skin -
fi n W ; 3 1112 s f f?
-

{4 shé j é j g; sé 1g ; a
s; If
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t d -
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3 k g: i i ; ta da
-
51
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$;
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552 ; to do i ; té do taka doku E

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- - -

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kaku bal m -
53? lean ba n 12 1
2 - -
fl ; f u -
bu 7K; f a i s a- butsu (43 ; f un -
bun

ho bo [S
jj
‘
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1 86
J APA NE SE R E A DING FOR BE GI NNE RS

V . L oos el y r e l at e d Con s on an t s .

b m bai m ai fla
k [ b t mat 9K] b ku m aku n bals a-m atsu 3 k , ban - ma n
-
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; a

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55 ; [ b
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bun -
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-
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d-
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n ai
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; dam n an -
616 71 6-
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7
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-
nu 511 ;

VI . Com pl e x V ow e l ch an ge s .

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a
“

; q
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tei é fi ]
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4? fi
—
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-
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c a fifi
i k i yok u shiki Shak a 6 [j i ki h k fi] r iki r yoku j] [j ik i l k 15 ]
’
- - s o u
- - -
c zo u
 VOLUME III . M O RE CHI NTS E CH AR A CT ERS ( A .
ppe n d i x ) .

187

APPE N D IX III .

Ch in es e r e adin gs of ch ar act ers w hi ch h av e th e s am e

w ri t t en ph on et ic e l em en t .

Wh e n th e re ad in gs o f t he c h ara c t ers in a s er ie s a re n ot al l th e sa me

it o ft e n h appe n s t h at t h ey ar e rel at ed lik e the re adin gs stu d ied i n Ap

e n di x
p

m
'

fi j 1 11 , 111 11 . See
+ 3 12 ; fi
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T T ; IEtei , C7
26 C7
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7
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16 ; $ 71 6 ; fi k yd . S e e Z JE .

Se e fi i x fi fil fi g fil fil fl fi fii fig g flk fi
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 J APA NE SE R E ADI NG FO R BEG I NNE RS .

1 88

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 JAPANE SE RE AD I NG FOR B E G I NNE RS .

7
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 V OLUM E m M ORE CHI NE SE . OH AR A C PE RS .
( Appe n ch m . 19 1

See 3
fiE s a ku ;
’
ng saku ; E1 5 s aku ; éfi
’
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r el, r yé ; m r ei ; i f} re i; 3 r ei ; pfi r yo .

Q r yu, Tu ; r yu ; fi 60 ; 99 r an .

2 1
1 he i , hyé ; 3 5 h o 1
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n.

4 3 han ; 4 21] hem ; Q

fi ban ; {} a .
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i n, j i n ; i? f shin .

dai tei ; 53; dai, tei ;

, H i; tei .

{35f uts u, bu t s u ; mf ats a ; mfi ts u ; 7175

.

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6a 716 ; B .
 192 J A PANE S E R E ADI N G FO R B E G INN E EE .

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 J APANE SE R E A D I NG FO R BE G INN E RS .

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