MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS

How do living organisms differ from non-living things? One

of the best characteristics that distinguish living things from
non-living things is the ability of living things to produce their
own kind. The cell must divide in order for life to continue.
Cell division is necessary in reproduction, growth, and
repair. All organisms grow and reproduce through a
complex sequence of events called the cell cycle.

In this self-learning module, you will be able to learn about

the mechanisms on how cells divide and the importance of
this process to an organism. This module will greatly

OBJECTIVES :

At the end of this module, it is expected that you are able to:

1. Describe mitosis and meiosis.

2. Compare mitosis and meiosis and their role in the cell division

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A. Direction: Matching Type. Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter in
the blanks provided.

A B.
Stages Description

____ 1. Metaphase A. Separation of sister chromatids

____ 2. Anaphase from each other
____ 3. Prophase I B. The chromatin condenses into
____ 4. Telophase II more discrete chromosomes
____ 5. Prophase I C. Chromosomes uncoil and
lengthen
D. Alignment of the chromosomes at
the equatorial plate
E. Disappearance of nuclear
membrane and the nucleus

B. Direction: Write MI if the description describes mitosis and ME if it is meiosis.

1. Produces genetically identical cells ________

2. Produces four new cells ________
3. Involved in asexual reproduction ________
4. Takes place only during the reproductive years of the organism ________
5. Results in haploid cells ________

How did you find the pre-test?

Please check your answers at the answer key section and see how you fared.
still more things
for you to learn in this module. So, hop on!

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 Reflect on something that has changed about your
appearance or the things around you in the last month or
week (ex. Your hair, nails or even organisms around you).

What have you observed? Did they grow in size? in length?

What could possibly be the reason as to why your hair and
nails are growing? What makes your wound heal? How does
an organism grow, develop and multiply?

You may have been wondering and questioning about these

things; the answers lie in our understanding about the complex
process of Cell Division.

ACTIVITY
Sequencing of Events. Study the pictures of each set of events. Each set will have
four (4) numbered events. Answer this activity by numbering these pictures in the
correct order.
A. Mitosis

_____________ _____________

_____________ _____________
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B. Meiosis I and II

_____________ _____________

_____________

Were you able to answer the

activity correctly? Good job!
Now, you are ready to
proceed to the ACTIVITY
PROPER!

The activity above gave you an overview of what will transcend in the next
part of the module. As discussed in your Grade 8 Science, there are two
processes by which chromosomes are transmitted from one generation to the
next, these are Mitosis and Meiosis. Each type of cell division is composed of
sequence of events that leads to the production of daughter cells. But, what are
the commonalities and differences of these two processes? You will learn about
them as you proceed to the succeeding activities

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 ACTIVITY: PICTURE RECOGNITION

In your Grade 8 Science, you learned about Cellular Reproduction and

answer the activity. You are probably familiar with the diagram/pictures shown in the
table; each shows a specific stage in Mitosis and Meiosis. This time, your task is to
analyze and identify them using the stages of Mitosis and Meiosis on the word bank
below each set of events.

MITOSIS

1. 2.

3. 4.

Prophase Anaphase
Metaphase Telophase

MEIOSIS I & 2

1. 2.
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 3. 4.

5. 6.

7. 8.

Prophase I Prophase II
Metaphase I Metaphase II
Anaphase I Anaphase II
Telophase I Telophase II

ACTIVITY: MITOSIS OR MEIOSIS

Read the descriptions carefully. Place a check ( ) whether it pertains to Mitosis

or Meiosis.

Description Mitosis Meiosis

1. Results in diploid cells

2. Produces two new cells

3. Results in haploid cells

4. Involved in asexual reproduction

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 5. Takes place only during the reproductive
years of the organism

6. Involved in sexual reproduction

7. Results in haploid chromosome number

8.

9. Produces four new cells

10. Results in diploid chromosome number.

Were you able to answer the

activities correctly? Great! Now

process

Understanding the concepts of cell division gives us a clearer view of how cells
in our body work in order to maintain its normal functioning and it explains how critical
their roles are in the continuity of life. For organisms to grow and reproduce cells must
divide, this is done through a process called Cell division. It is a basic process of life
that all organisms undergo, although it occurs in different ways in different species.
There are two major types of cell division namely: mitosis and meiosis.
MITOSIS
Mitosis is a type of cell division that produces daughter cells that are genetically
identical to the originally-dividing cells (parent). It occurs among somatic cells or the
body cells and is the reason why our body is capable of growth and development, for
example the increase in size or in length of an organism, the healing of wound to
replace damaged cells. This process is responsible for the growth and development
of an organism, repair and replacement of damaged cells and organelles, and helps
in maintains the constant number of chromosomes in all body cells of an organism.
There are four (4) stages under the process of mitosis: Prophase, Metaphase,
Anaphase and Telophase.

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 Figure 1. Interphase, the stages of mitosis and
cytokinesis

MEIOSIS

This is a type of cell division that occurs only among gametes or reproductive
cells (sperm and egg). It consists of two rounds of nuclear division; the first division is
called reduction-division, it involves separation of homologous chromosomes resulting
in two haploid nuclei, while the second division (equational division) results in four
haploid nuclei that are non-identical to the parents as a result of crossing over
(exchange of genetic material of homologous chromosomes).

Meiosis is important for continuity of life in eukaryotes. It is essential in the

production of sex cells/ gametes (gametogenesis); needed for the maintenance of an
equal number of chromosomes in the offspring; responsible for the genetic variations
in the next generation.

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 Figure 2. Interphase and the stages of Meiosis I (left) and II (right)

Supplementary Material

When internet connection is available, you may view these link:

1. Mitosis vs Meiosis : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zrKdz93WlVk
2. 27 Importance of Mitosis and Meiosis:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_OrTNTIo0Xs

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 Based on what you have learned in the previous
activities and from the discussion above, I
believe you can now answer the following
exercises.

Compare
Directions: Complete Mitosis and Meiosis by completing the table below using the
given factor. Indicate notes discussing any important differences or similarities or
events occurring in the phases.
Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis
MITOSIS MEIOSIS
In what type of cell does the
process takes place?
What is the importance of
the process in an
organism?
How many rounds of
nuclear division occur
during the process?
How many stages does
each process undergo?
Enumerate.
How many daughter cells
are produced?
How many chromosomes
are in the parent
cells?(Haploid/Diploid)
How many chromosomes
are in each daughter cells at
the end of the
process?(Haploid/Diploid)
Genetic composition
comparison of the parent
cell to the daughter cells
Do Synapsis and crossing-
over occur? If so, during
what stage?