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Static Model Important 2

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Bidyut Mandal
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23 views

Static Model Important 2

Uploaded by

Bidyut Mandal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Petroleum reservoirs production forecasts are based on flow simulations which are using a

Geological Static Model as main input. The accuracy and realism of the geological model are
critical parameters when optimizing local recovery with EOR methods, in areas with
remaining hydrocarbons.

Overview
Oil and Gas asset management study requires an interdisciplinary, integrated approach to assess field development
opportunities. iReservoir.com is unique in our ability to offer truly integrated reservoir characterization, engineering,
and modeling from core and analog outcrop work, seismic inversion, static modeling, upscaling, reservoir simulation,
on through to uncertainty analyses and operational recommendations.
Project Workflows
Detailed reservoir characterization requires expertise in geology, petrophysics, geophysics, and reservoir
engineering. The types of services provided by iReservoir as part of a fully integrated approach include:
Geomodeling Project Questions Workflow Tasks

 What is available?  Database Review


 Are data/tops consistent?  Horizons/faults surfaces generation
 What is required model resolution?  3D stratigraphic grid construction
 Depositional environment variables?  Spatial statistic analysis
 Are facies proportions available?  Facies distribution
 Seismic-log calibration available?  Distribution of seismic/petro relationships
 Porosity and permeability relationship?  Permeability distribution
 Net pay cutoff?  Net-to-Gross estimation

Petrophysics Workflow
Petrophysics Project Questions Workflow Tasks

 What is available?  Data review


 Is data usable?  Quality control
 Are logs consistent?  Log normalization
 Conventional analysis vs. model?  Petrophysical analysis
 What is net pay?  Net pay identification
 Does it matter?  Facies-units or flow-units
 Additional engineering needs?  BVW, contacts, Phi-K
 What does seismic tell us?  Rock physics/petrophysics relations

Geology Workflow
Geology Project Questions Workflow Tasks

 What is available?  Database Review


 Are data/tops usable?  Quality Control
 Sealing faults and vertical barriers?  Validation with dynamic data
 Structural and fault maps?  Seismic/log interpretation
 Hierarchy of surfaces established?  1-D stratigraphic and facies analysis
 Flow units, barriers, and baffles?  2-D correlation and facies analysis
 Facies ready for geomodel?  Facies proportion curves
 Aspect ratios and directionality?  Depositional model

Geophysics Workflow
Geophysics Project Questions Workflow Tasks

 Pre-stack, post-stack?  Data review


 Is it ready to use?  Quality control
 What minerals and fluids?  Petrophysical analysis
 What does seismic tell us?  Rock physics checks
 Faults and horizons?  Structural interpretation
 Rock types, facies, faults?  Attribute extraction
 Do we need to integrate in depth?  Depth conversion
 Can it help to distribute properties?  Constrain geomodeling

Geomodeling Workflow
Geomodeling Project Questions Workflow Tasks

 What is available?  Database Review


 Are data/tops consistent?  Horizons/faults surfaces generation
 What is required model resolution?  3D stratigraphic grid construction
 Depositional environment variables?  Spatial statistic analysis
 Are facies proportions available?  Facies distribution
 Seismic-log calibration available?  Distribution of seismic/petro relationships
 Porosity and permeability relationship?  Permeability distribution
 Net pay cutoff?  Net-to-Gross estimation

Engineering Workflow
Engineering Project Questions Workflow Tasks

 Fluid types?  PVT fluid models for simulation


 SCAL data (by facies)?  Kr, Pc, compaction behavior
 Well tests (ptt, tracer, RFT, PLT)?  Calibration for geomodel/sim
 Well completions, rates, and pressures  Analyze, QC, prep for sim
 Fluid contacts, initial saturations?  Initial conditions, QC with logs
 Effective kv, faults sealing?  Test impact on simulations
 Aquifer size and strength?  Match dynamic data
 History match  Simulation sensitivities, economics
 Forecasts (uncertainty, optimization)  Multiple realizations, uncertainty
Structural Modeling

Building the structural model represents the first and one of the most critical steps in the modeling
workflow. Largely based on seismic data interpretation (faults, horizons), the structural modeling
corresponds to the elaboration of reservoir architecture and all elements impacting geometry,
including faulting, folding, or affecting deposition (hiatus, unconformities...).

Disregarding the software or project's objective, the structural modeling workflow is always split into
5 main steps respectively:

Fault network building

Area Of Interest (AOI) definition

Horizon modeling

Stratigraphic units definition

Layering definition
Facies Modeling

A critical and challenging step in the construction of a static model is the implementation of the
facies model. To capture the heterogeneities that influence reservoir production, the method chosen
to propagate facies is highly dependent on the field case and data acquired.

This #TECHNOTE presents the three fundamental questions that drive your facies modeling strategy,
respectively: ▶ What does the data tell us? ▶ Which concept is the most consistent with data? ▶
Which method is the most adapted to capture this concept?
Principal of Variograms

👉 After a presentation of facies modeling workflow, this #TECHNOTE introduces the Variogram, a
fundamental tool for quantifying the spatial variability of data and, thus, helping to capture
heterogeneity dimension. Since one note is not sufficient to cover this topic, will be published shortly
other technical notes to highlight: ▶ What does variogram shape suggests? ▶ How the variogram is
calculated? ▶ What are the strengths and limitations of the variogram?
Fundamentals

After a first post introducing the principle of variogram, this new #TECHNOTE describes the
fundamental steps of variography, respectively: ▶ Calculation of the experimental variogram ▶
Construction & characteristics of the variogram model ▶ Construction of variogram map &
directional variograms
Limitation of Variography

📢 After two posts discussing "principles of variogram" and "variogram analysis", this last
#TECHNOTE is dedicated to the impact of sampling in variography result. 🎯 The objective here is to
observe the evolution of the spatial variability, in different cases associated to various sampling. As
main driver for variability and heterogeneity dimmension in pixel-based simulations, the uncertainty
of the variogram model is a critical to assess before running the facies model. ▶ Disregarding the
field case, depositional environment, well sampling or facies modeling method, variography is always
recommended, to observe: ✅ What does the data tell us ✅ How to bridge the gap with concepts and
regional information.
VPC

After reviewing the interest of variograms in the evaluation and quantification of the spatial
variability, this #TECHNOTE is dedicated to Vertical Proportion Curves -also called VPC-, a simple
tool describing the vertical evolution of facies in the reservoir from well data. 👉 VPC are stacked bar
diagrams calculating the percentage of each facies, layer by layer, from well data. 🎯 The interest of
Vertical Proportion Curves covers many interests, including (but not limited to): ✅ Highlight well
correlation problems ✅ Validate stratigraphic scheme at different orders ✅ Constrain stochastic
simulation for reproducing the cyclicity of sedimentological processes (prograding, retrograding...)

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