[CHAPTER 6] FLUID DYNAMICS: £25 PROBLEMS WITH SOLUTION PROBLEM 6. Certain globular protein particle has a density of 1246 kg m’*. It falls through pure water (1 =8.0 x 10 Nmv’s) with a terminal speed of 3.0 cm h”'. Find the radius of the particle. Data Density of protein particle = p = 1246 kg/m* Viscosity = 1 = 8.0 104Ns/m? Terminal speed = vi = 3.0cm/h = 0.03 mv/h _ 0.03. 3600 = 8133 x 10 °mis To Find Radius of the particle = r SOLUTION By formula y= a Seo 2pg _ 8:33 x 10° x 9 x 8.0 x 107 2x 1246 x 9.8 _ 599.77 x 10*"* 24421.6 Pr = 0.024x 10" r= 0.156 x 10 r= 156x10%m Result Radius of the particle = _r_= 1.56 x 10-°m,[CHAPTER 6] FLUID DYNAMICS: £26 PROBLEM 6.2 Water flows through a hose, whose internal diameter is 1 cm, at a speed of 1 ms”. What should be the diameter of the nozzle if the water is to emerge at 21 ms"? Data Internal diameter of pipe = di = lem = 0.01m Speed of water in the hose = v; = I m/s Speed of emerging water = V, = 21 m/s To Find Diameter of the nozzle =a SOLUTION According to equation of continuity Avi = Av) oe Sp... i But A =a ia a) _, fl =24 2 a o 4.(8) & =n Putting ineq. (i) q & mG VINE mG V2 divi = dv z @ = divi Vo d= 4.76 10°[CHAPTER 6] FLUID DYNAMICS: £40 a = V476x 10° = 2.18107 0.21 x 107? m a 0.21.cm Result Diameter of nozzle = d2 = 0.21em PROBLEM 6.3 The pipe near the lower end of a large water storage tank develops a small leak and a stream of water shoots from it. The top of water in the tank is 15m above the point of leak. (i) With what speed does the water rush from the hole? (ii) If the hole has an area of 0.060 cm?, how much water flows out in one second? Data Height of water Area of hole hy—hp = 15m A = 0.060 cm? = 0.060 x 10* m? To Find (a) Speed of water from the hole = < i} (b) Volume per second of water SOLUTION| (a) For speed of water, using Totricelli’s theorem v= y2g(hy — ho)| = 2x98 x15 = 294 v = 17 m/s (b) For volume per second, by using equation of continuity ‘AiV: = AoV2 = Volume per second or = AV Volume per second of water So 0.060 x 10°" x 17 = 1.02 x 10*m'* Volume per second of water. = 102 cm? Result (a) Speed of water from hole v = 17ms (b) Volume per second of water_ = 102 cm*[CHAPTER 6] FLUID DYNAMICS: £20 PROBLEM 6.4 Water is flowing smoothly through a closed pipe system. At one point the speed of water is 1, while at another point 3m higher, the speed is 4.0 ms". If the pressure is 80 KPa at the lower pressure at the upper point? Speed of water atone point = Vv, = 3m/s Height of upper point =h =3m Speed of water at lower point = V2 = 4m/s Height of lower point =h =0 Pressure at lower point =P, = 80KPa = 80x 1000 = 80,000 Pa Density of water =p = 1000 kg/m? To Find Pressure at upper point =? SOLUTION) By using Bernoulli’s theorem 1 1 Pita pvitpghy = Ps +3 pv + pgh When hy = 0 1 1 So Pit Vi = P)+5 pV2 + pay Pegi ta Pr = Pi +5 pVi—3 PV2— pgh2 80000 +5 x 1000 x GP -Fx 1000 x (4)? = 1000 x 9.8 x 3 = 80000 + 4500 — 8000 — 29400 P, = 47100 Pa P2 47.1 KPa Result Pressure at upperend = P; = 47KPa PROBLEM 6.5) An airplane wing is designed so that when the speed of the air across the top of the wing is 450 ms*', the speed of air below the wing is 410 ms“'. What is the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the wings? (Density of air = 1.29 kgm:[CHAPTER 6] FLUID DYNAMICS: set Data Speed of air above the wing = v, = 450 m/s Speed of air below the wing = V2 = 410 m/s Air density =p = 1.29kg/m* To Find Pressure difference = P)-P, = ? SOLUTION) According to Bernoulli’s equation 12 1 a Pit > pvitpghi = P2 +> pv2+* pgho Since pgm = pgh> 1 2 1 So Pitz pv = P2t3 pv. 1 1 P2-Pi = 5 pVi-3 pV 1 2 2 = 2p (i- v2) 4x 1.29 (450? — 4107) 1 = 3% 1.29 x 34400 P.—P, = 22188 Pa P)—Py = 22:1 KPa Result Pressure difference = P,—P, = 22.1 KPa PROBLEM 6.6 The radius of the aorta is about 1.0 em and the blood flowing through it has a speed of about 30 ems“, Calculate the average speed of the blood in the capillaries using the fact that although each capillary has a diameter of about 8 x 10~ cm, there are literally millions of them so that their total cross section is about 2000 em’. Data Radius of aorta = = 10cm = 001m Speed of blood =v, = 30cm/s =_0.3 m/s[CHAPTER 6] FLUID DYNAMICS: £20 Area of one capillay = A = 8x10‘cm = 8x10%m Total area of cross-section of capillaries = A = 2000 cm” = 0.2m? To Find Average speed of blood = v2 = ? SOLUTION| By using equation of continuity Alvi = A2V2 But a = nr So mrVi= Aov2 z nryVi v2 = "A, v2 = 471x104 m/s V2 = 5.0% 10'm/s Result Average speed of blood = v2 = 5.0x 10% m/s PROBLEM 6.7! How large must a heating duct be if air moving 3.0ms" along it can replenish the air in a room of 300m? yolume every 15 min? Assume the air’s density remains constant. Data Speediofairinduct = vi = 3.0m/s Volume of air = = 300m° Time =t = 15min. = 15x60 = 900 sec. To Find Size / Length of duct =r = 2[CHAPTER 6] FLUID DYNAMICS: sid SOLUTION) As we know that Volume per second = AV ¥ =Av As A=ar Aaa 1 = Rey 7 Vv. Pos tx av : 300 ~ 900 x 3.14 x 3.0 P= 0.035 r= 0.188 r= 0.19m r= 19cm Result Size /Length of duct = r = 19¢m PROBLEM 6.8 An airplane design calls for a “lift” due to the net force of the moving air on the wing of about 1000 Nm” of wing area. Assume that air flows past the wing of an ail flow. If the speed of flow past the lower wing surface is 160 ms"'? The density of ai and assume maximum thickness of wing be one meter. Data Pressure difference P,P, = 1000 N/m? Speed of air past the lower surface = v; = 160 m/s Density of air p = 1.29kg/m* To Find Speed of air over the upper surface = V2 SOLUTION| By using Bernoulli’s equation 1 1a Pi +3 vit pehr = Pa +3 pv + pghe Since pghi = ph: 1 3 da Pit zpvi = P2t3 pvr[CHAPTER 6] FLUID DYNAMICS: £50 11 Pi-Pr+5pVi = 3 PV: 1000 +5 x 1.29 x (160) = 4x 1.29 ¥3 1000 + 16512 = 0.645 v3 yo = Be vy; = 271503 V2 = 164.7 V2 = 165 m/s Result Speed of air over upper surface = V2 = 165m/s PROBLEM 6.9) What gauge pressure is required in the city mains for a stream flow a fire hose connected to the city mains to reach a vertical height of 15 m? Data Vertical height = h-h =)15m Density of water = p = 1000kg/m* To Find Pressure difference = P2—Pj = ? SOLUTION) By using Bernoulli’s equation 1 1 PL +5 pvitpahr = P2 +5 pV3+ pahz . 1Qq Since ZPVi = 9 PV2 So P, + pghy= P2 + pgho P,—Pi_ = pghi ~ pghs| = path; ~ he) = 1000 x 9.8 x 15 P)-P; = 147000 Pa P)-P; = 147KPa Result Pressure difference = P)—P, = 147 KPa