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Digestive System Handout

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Md. Jakir Hossain
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18 views

Digestive System Handout

Uploaded by

Md. Jakir Hossain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digestive System

What is the digestive system?


The digestive system is made up of the digestive tract and
other organs that help the body break down and absorb
food. It is a long, twisting tube that starts at the mouth and
goes through the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large
intestine and anus.
The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients such
as carbohydrates, fats and proteins. They can then be
absorbed into the bloodstream so the body can use them for
energy, growth and repair.

Functions of digestive system

There are 4 main functions of digestive system:


1. Ingestion—food material taken into mouth.
2. Digestion—food is broken down, mechanically and chemically, as it travels through
the gastrointestinal tract.
 Digestive enzymes aid the breakdown of complex nutrients.
Proteins → amino acids Sugars → glucose Fats → fatty acids or triglycerides
3. Absorption
 Digested food passes into the bloodstream through lining cells of the small
intestine.
 Nutrients travel to all cells of the body.
 Cells burn nutrients to release the energy stored in food.
Absorbs:
 80% ingested water
 Vitamins
 Minerals
 Carbohydrates
 Proteins
 Lipids
4. Elimination
 The body eliminates solid waste materials that cannot be absorbed into
bloodstream.
 The large intestine concentrates feces.
 The wastes pass out of the body through the anus.
4 Small Intestine
Villi in the lining of the small intestine help absorb nutrients into the bloodstream.
Microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the
bloodstream

Epiglottis-

Flap leading to two tubes. The esophagus & Trachea


The pharynx is the common passageway for both air and food.

6 The Digestive Tract Diagram on Quiz- With Word Bank


Have the students check their answers.What is the name of the pigment produced from the breakdown of
hemoglobin during red blood cell destruction?The Digestive Tract

7 Parts of the Stomach Food travels through the digestive tract by peristalsis (wave like movements)
The esophagus is a 9- or 10-inch muscular tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach.How does
the esophagus move the bolus toward the stomach? peristalsisRugae=Ridges on the hard palate and the
wall of the stomachpyloric sphincter=Ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum; opens
when a wave of peristalsis passes over itSphincter=Circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or
closes a natural opening
8 Stomach Continued What is the function of a sphincter?
Opens to allow for food to travel through when peristalsis passes by.

Parts of the small intestine: Extends from Ilium to anus:


Function: Major digestive organ. Usable food is prepared for journey into cells of the
body.Length? feet long3 parts: D-J-IDuodenum (10 inches)Jejunum (8 feet)Ileum (12 feet)-
joins the large intestines
10 Large Intestines (AKA colon)
Function: Receives fluid waste from digestion and stores until it can be released form the body.

Size? Larger in width then small intestines, but shorter in length (5 feet)

Made up of? Ascending, Transverse & Descending, Sigmoid colon and Anus.

Subdivisions of L.I.? Cecum, appendix, colon, rectum and anal canal.

11 Large Intestines Continued


Function of appendix? No real function, not needed!

12 Function Pancreas?
Converts food into fuel & helps assist in regulating blood sugar.

Function of Gall Bladder?

Store & concentrates bile (help in breakdown of fats & food)

What is emulsification? Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules

13 Functions of the Liver…


Besides producing bile, the liver also…
 Helps maintain normal blood glucose levels
 Manufactures blood proteins necessary for clotting
 Releases bilirubin, a pigment in bile
 Removes toxins and poisons from the blood

14 Food Pathway through the GI Tract


Food enters through the oral cavity and exits through the anus

15 Abnormal ConditionsHernia – protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it

16 Abnormal Conditions Continued

 Anal fistula – abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus


 Colonic polyposis – polyps (out pouching) protrude from the mucous
membrane of the colon
 Diverticulosis – abnormal side pockets (outpouchings) in the intestinal wall
 Dysentery – painful, inflamed intestines
 Hemorrhoids – swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region
 Cirrhosis – chronic degenerative disease of the liver
 Viral hepatitis – inflammation of the liver caused by a virus
 Cholelithiasis – gallstones in the gallbladder
17 Abnormal Conditions Continued

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