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Analysis of Material Transportation Systems

The document discusses different types of material transport systems including vehicle-based systems like forklifts and automated guided vehicles, rail-guided vehicles, conveyor systems, and cranes and hoists. It provides analysis methods to determine the number of vehicles required for a given flow rate and calculations for conveyor system capacity.

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9 views

Analysis of Material Transportation Systems

The document discusses different types of material transport systems including vehicle-based systems like forklifts and automated guided vehicles, rail-guided vehicles, conveyor systems, and cranes and hoists. It provides analysis methods to determine the number of vehicles required for a given flow rate and calculations for conveyor system capacity.

Uploaded by

f20221346
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MF F219

Operations Management

BITS Pilani Girish Kant Garg


Department of Mechanical Engineering
Pilani Campus

1
Learning Objectives

 Analysis of Material Transport Systems


• Vehicle based systems
• Conveyor

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BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Material Transport System

 Two categories of logistics:


 External logistics - transportation and related activities
that occur outside of a facility (between different
geographical locations)

• Five traditional modes of transportation: rail, truck, air,


ship, and pipeline

 Internal logistics - material handling within a facility

3
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Material Transport Equipment
Five categories:
1. Industrial trucks
2. Automated guided vehicles
3. Rail-guided vehicles (e.g., monorails)
4. Conveyors
5. Cranes and hoists

4
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Industrial Trucks

Two basic categories:


1. Non-powered
 Human workers push or pull loads
2. Powered
 Self-propelled
 Guided or driven by human operator
 Common example: forklift truck

5
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Automated Guided Vehicles

 An Automated Guided Vehicle System (AGVS) is a material


handling system that uses independently operated, self-
propelled vehicles guided along defined pathways

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BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Vehicle Guidance Using Guide
Wire

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BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Rail-Guided Vehicles

 Self-propelled vehicles that ride on a fixed-rail system


 Vehicles operate independently and are driven by electric
motors that pick up power from an electrified rail
 Fixed rail system
 Overhead monorail - suspended overhead from the
ceiling
 On-floor - parallel fixed rails, tracks generally protrude up
from the floor

8
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Conveyor Systems

 Large family of material transport equipment designed to


move materials over fixed paths, usually in large quantities
or volumes
1. Non-powered
 Materials moved by human workers or by gravity
2. Powered
 Power mechanism for transporting materials is contained in the
fixed path, using chains, belts, rollers or other mechanical devices

9
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Cranes and Hoists

 Handling devices for lifting, lowering


and transporting materials, often as
heavy loads
 Cranes
 For horizontal movement of materials
 Hoists
 For vertical lifting of materials
 Cranes usually include hoists so that
the crane-and-hoist combination
provides
 Horizontal transport
 Vertical lifting and lowering
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BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Material Transport Equipment

11
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Analysis of
Material Transport Systems
 How many vehicles will be required to satisfy a specified
flow rate
 Analysis of vehicle-based systems
 Types of systems: industrial trucks, AGVS, rail-guided vehicles etc.
 From-to charts and network diagrams

Network diagram showing


From-To chart showing flow rates,
deliveries between load/unload
deliveries/hr and travel distances, m
stations
between stations
12
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Analysis of vehicle based
systems
 A typical delivery cycle in the operation of a vehicle based
transport system consists of
 Loading at the pick up station
 Travel time to the drop-off station
 Unloading at the drop-off station
 Empty travel time of the vehicle between deliveries
𝐿𝑑 𝐿𝑒
𝑇𝑐 = 𝑇𝑙 + + 𝑇𝑈 +
𝑣𝑐 𝑣𝑐
𝑇𝑐 = Delivery cycle time, min/del
𝑇𝑙 = Time to load at load station, min
𝐿𝑑 = Distance the vehicle travels between load and unload staion, m
𝑇𝑈 = Time to unload at unload station, min
𝐿𝑒 = Distance the vehicle travels empty until the start of next delivery cycle, m
𝑣𝑐 = Carrier velocity, m/min
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Analysis of vehicle based
systems
 Delivery cycle time can be used to calculate
 Rate of deliveries per vehicle
 Number of vehicles required to satisfy a specified total delivery
requirement
𝐴𝑇 = 60𝐴𝐹𝑡 𝐸𝑤
𝐴𝑇 = Available time in 1 hour, min/hr
𝐴 = Availability
𝐹𝑡 = Traffic factor
𝐸𝑤 = Worker efficency
𝐴𝑇
𝑅𝑑𝑣 =
𝑇𝑐
𝑅𝑑𝑣 = hourly delivery rate, deliveries/hr

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Analysis of vehicle based
systems
𝑅𝑓
𝑛𝑐 =
𝑅𝑑𝑣
𝑅𝑓 = Total delivery requirements in the system, deliveries/hr
𝑛𝑐 = number of carriers required
𝑊𝐿
𝑛𝑐 =
𝐴𝑇
𝑾𝒐𝒓𝒍 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅: 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘, 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑚𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑏𝑒
𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑖𝑛 1 ℎ𝑟.

𝑊𝐿 = 𝑅𝑓 𝑇𝑐
𝑊𝐿 = workload, min/hr

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Conveyor Analysis

𝐿𝑑
𝑇𝑑 =
𝑣𝑐
𝑇𝑑 = Delivery time, min
𝐿𝑑 = Length of conveyor between load and unload stations, m
𝑣𝑐 = Conveyor velocity, m/min

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Conveyor Analysis

 Flow rate of materials an the conveyor is determined by the rate


of loading at the load station.
𝑣𝑐 1
𝑅𝑓 = 𝑅𝑙 = ≤
𝑠𝑐 𝑇𝑙
𝑅𝑓 = material flow rate, parts/min
𝑅𝑙 = Loading rate, parts/min
𝑇𝐿 = Loading time, min/part
m
𝑠𝑐 = Center−to−center spacing of materials on the conveyor,
part
1
𝑇𝑈 ≤
𝑅𝑓

𝑇𝑈 = Unloading time, min/part

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Conveyor Analysis

𝑛𝑝 𝑣𝑐 1
𝑅𝑓 = ≤
𝑠𝑐 𝑇𝑙
𝑅𝑓 = material flow rate, parts/min
𝑛𝑝 = number of parts per container
m
𝑠𝑐 = Center−to−center spacing of containers on the conveyor,
container
𝑇𝐿 = Loading time per container, min/container

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Thanks

19
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

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