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8.endocrine System-1

The document discusses the human endocrine system. It provides an introduction and covers topics like endocrine and exocrine glands, hormones, negative feedback mechanisms, homeostasis, and thermoregulation. Key endocrine glands and their hormones are identified. Disorders of the thyroid gland like hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are also discussed.

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78 views

8.endocrine System-1

The document discusses the human endocrine system. It provides an introduction and covers topics like endocrine and exocrine glands, hormones, negative feedback mechanisms, homeostasis, and thermoregulation. Key endocrine glands and their hormones are identified. Disorders of the thyroid gland like hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are also discussed.

Uploaded by

ngubobomikazi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HUMAN

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

BY:M.SAIDI

ThunderEDUC By M.SAIDI
FOR OUR STUDY VIDEOS –
YouTube- ThunderEDUC
Facebook- ThunderEDUC
Website-thundereduc.com
FOR STUDY
NOTES :
Website-thundereduc.com
M.SAIDI: 0848331738
ThunderEDUC By M.SAIDI
TOPIC COVARAGE
 Introduction
 endocrine and an exocrine gland
 hormones
 Negative feedback mechanism
 Introduction:
Homeostasis
 Homeostasis through negative

feedback
 Thermoregulation

By M.SAIDI ThunderEDUC
INTRODUCTION
 endocrine system is the collection
of glands that produce hormones that
regulate metabolism, growth and
development, tissue function, sexual
function, reproduction, sleep, and
mood, among other things.

By M.SAIDI ThunderEDUC
 ENDOCRINE GLANDS
 (Ductless)
 release chemical

(hormones) substances
directly into the
bloodstream or tissues of
the body.
 EXOCRINE GLANDS
 release chemical

substances through ducts


to outside the body or onto
another surface within the
body By M.SAIDI
ThunderEDUC
HORMONES:
 These are organic compounds proteins
in nature that act as messengers
needed in small amounts in the body.

By M.SAIDI ThunderEDUC
(hypophysi
s)

By M.SAIDI ThunderEDUC
Pituitary gland):
Hypothalamus:  GH -Controls growth
ADH-Controls the TSH -Stimulates thyroid gland to
concentration of water secrete thyroxin
in the blood  FSH – stimulates the development of
the follicle in the ovaries
 LH – stimulates ovulation, and
stimulates development of the corpus
Adrenal gland: luteum
 Adrenalin -Increases,  Prolactin – stimulates the mammary
heartbeat, blood glands to secrete milk
pressure ,conversion from
glycogen to glucose, Thyroid gland:
skeletal muscle tone, rate Thyroxin: Controls basic
and depth of breathing , metabolic rate
diameter of pupils etc
Aldosterone -Regulates
salt concentration in the
blood Pancreas:
Glucagon -Stimulates
conversion of glycogen to
Ovary: glucose
Oestrogen– stimulates  Insulin- Stimulates
puberty in females, conversion of glucose to
promotes thickening of glycogen.
the endometrium
 Progesterone – Testes:
promotes thickening of  Testosterone-Stimulates the
the endometrium, maturation of sperm cells
maintains pregnancy ThunderEDUC  Stimulates puberty in
males
Questions
 Study the diagram below and answer the
questions that follow.
 A hormone secreted by one of the glands
labelled A to D has the following effects:
 Heartbeat increases
 Vasoconstriction of blood vessels to the gut
 Dilation of pupils
 2.2.1 Give the letter and name of the
gland that secretes the hormone which
brings about the changes listed above. (2)
 2.2.2 Explain the significance of each of the
following changes:
 (a) Heartbeat increases (2)
 (b) Pupils dilate (2)
 2.2.3 Explain the relationship between gland
A and the kidney on a hot day.
(6)

By M.SAIDI ThunderEDUC
MEMORANDUM ThunderEDUC

 2.2.1 C  adrenal gland  (2)


 2.2.2 (a) More blood can be pumped to organs that need
it to supply oxygen and glucose  (2)
 (b) More light can be directed to the retina  for better
vision  (2)
 2.2.3 On a hot day, the body will produce sweat for
thermoregulation 
 So water that would be lost in urine needs to be
conserved 
 Gland A (pituitary) releases ADH / vasopressin  when the
water level of the blood passing through the hypothalamus
is detected to be lower 
 ADH travels via the blood to its target organ, the kidney 
 ADH causes the collecting ducts to become more
permeable to water 
 So more water is thus re-absorbed from the urine  / less
is lost in urine  (any 6) (6)
By M.SAIDI
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM
 Is a mechanisms operate in the human body to
detect changes or imbalances in the internal
environment and to restore the balance.
 general sequence of events in a negative

feedback mechanism
 an imbalance is detected by the receptor

 a control centre is stimulated


 the control centre responds

 a message sent to target organ/s (effectors)

 the effectors responds it opposes (reverses)

the imbalance
 balance is restored

By M.SAIDI
ThunderEDUC
Negative feed
back mechanism

By M.SAIDI
ThunderEDUC
THYROXIN

By M.SAIDI ThunderEDUC
 DISORDERS OF THYROID GLAND
1. Hyperthyroidism
(overactive thyroid) occurs when thyroid gland
produces too much of the hormone thyroxine.
 Hyperthyroidism can accelerate the body's
metabolism, causing weight loss and a rapid or irregular
heartbeat
Examples include Goitre, is a swelling in the neck
resulting from an enlarged thyroid gland caused by
iodine deficiency
2. 1. Hypothyroidism
Occurs thyroid gland can't make enough thyroid
hormone to keep the body running normally eg
Myxoedema

ThunderEDUC
By M.SAIDI
TOGETHER WE CAN MAKE SOUTH
AFRICA SHINE

EACH STEP AHEAD


MAKES A DIFFERENCE

BY:M.SAIDI

Email:[email protected]
contact: 0848331738

EMPOWERD BY: By M.SAIDI

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