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Switchgear and Protection (ELE 4101) : Lecture No: 08 & 09

The document discusses different types of circuit breakers including bulk oil, minimum oil, air, air blast, vacuum, and sulfur hexafluoride circuit breakers. It provides details on their characteristics, insulation methods, arc quenching processes, and applications.

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Khushi Yadav
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7 views

Switchgear and Protection (ELE 4101) : Lecture No: 08 & 09

The document discusses different types of circuit breakers including bulk oil, minimum oil, air, air blast, vacuum, and sulfur hexafluoride circuit breakers. It provides details on their characteristics, insulation methods, arc quenching processes, and applications.

Uploaded by

Khushi Yadav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Switchgear and Protection (ELE 4101)

Lecture No : 08 & 09

Outline

❖Types of Circuit Breaker

❖Bulk Oil Circuit Breaker

❖Minimum Oil Circuit Breaker

❖AIR Break Circuit Breakers 1


Required to perform following duties: It must be capable
➢ Opening faulty circuits and breaking faulty current.
➢ Carrying fault current for a short time while another breaker
clears the fault.
➢ Being closed on to a fault.
Requirement of insulation in CB
Bus bar
✓ For quenching of the arc
✓ For providing isolation between the contacts
Insulation Commonly used in CB
Fixed
Circuit breakers are classified based on their quenching medium Contact
as follows
Moving
Contact
1. Oil circuit breaker: (a) Bulk oil CB, (b) Minimum oil CB (MOCB) Sensor
signal
2. Air breaker CB
3. Air blast CB (ABCB)
4. Vacuum CB (VCB)
Circuit Breaker
5. Sulfer hexa fluoride CB (SF6CB) 2
Characteristics of Circuit Breaker

Dielectric strength as a function of pressure

Deionization time as a function of pressure 3


For a gap of 10 mm

(a) Air will break down at 30 KV


(b) SF6 at 1 bar will break down at 60 KV
(c) Oil will break down at 110 KV
(d) Vacuum will break down at 170 KV
(e) SF6 at 5 bar will break down at 250 KV

4
Bulk Oil Circuit Breaker
➢ Oil has high dielectric strength of 110 KV/cm which is better than air.

➢ When the arc is struck up between the contacts, an arc is struck between them and heat of arc evaporates the surrounding oil
produces hydrogen gas along with percentage of methane, ethylene and acetylene at high pressure.

➢ Hydrogen gas occupies a volume about 1000 times that of oil decomposed.

➢ Therefore, Hydrogen gas bubble surrounds the arc region and surrounding portion of contacts.

➢ The pressure built-Up of flows of gas is influenced by the design of the arc control device, speed of contact travel and energy
liberated by the arc etc.

➢ The hydrogen gas has high heat conductivity and cools the arc. Secondly the gas setup turbulence in the oil and forces it into the
space between the contacts after final arc extinction at natural current zeros and removes the arcing products between the
contacts.

❖ Bulk oil CB uses a large quantity of oil to serve 2 purposes

(1) To extinguish the arc, (2) To insulate the current conducting parts from each other and from the earthed tank
❖ There are 2 types of bulk oil circuit breakers

(i) Plain break oil circuit breaker


(ii) Arc control oil circuit breaker 5
Plain Break Oil Circuit Breaker
The contacts are separated under whole oil in the tank

The arc is extinguished only by increasing the gap between the


contacts so more length of movement is required - Size increased

When the contacts are separated

(1) The hydrogen gas bubble generated by the arc AIDS ionization of
medium due to cooling effect
(2) The turbulence created by gas helps in removing the arcing
products
(3) As the arc is lengthened due to increase in gap between contacts,
dielectric strength of medium increases and arc is extinguished at
some critical length.
Disadvantages

(1) There is no special control over the arc other than increasing the length of separation between contacts.
Therefore, more arc length is required.
(2) They have long and inconsistent arcing times (100 to 150 msec)

Plain breaker CB is used only for low voltage applications upto 11KV upto 250 MVA only. 6
Arc Control Oil Circuit Breaker
➢ Used to decrease the contact gaps for arc extinction and hence decrease the
time for arc extinction.

➢ The gas produced during arcing are confined to a small volume using an
insulting pressure pot surrounding the contacts.

➢ The high pressure developed by gases produced due to arc the oil and gas
through the arc to help in extinguishing the arc.

7
Plain Explosion pot Circuit Breaker Cross jet explosion pot

❑ Medium currents, it works properly


Used for high fault currents
❑ High currents, More gases, Pressure increases,
Chance of burst

❑ Low currents, gases decrease, pressure


decreases, more length is required. 8
Self compensated explosion pot

❑ The combination of cross jet and plain jet


explosion pot so that it can operate for
high as well as low currents.

Ex: 110 KV, 3500 MVA breaker may need


upto 10000 Kg of oil while for 230 kv may
require 50000 Kg

9
Minimum Oil Circuit Breaker
❑ In bulk oil CB only 10% oil is actually used for arc extinction while the majority
part is used for insulation purposes.

❑ So, if insulation can be provided using solid insulating materials, then the size
can be reduced to nearly 10%.

❑ MOCB’s are less suitable where very frequent operation occurs because the
degree of carbonization produced in a small volume of oil is far more severe
than conventional bulk oil CB.

❑ The method of arc quenching is similar to bulk oil CB

10
Minimum Oil Circuit Breaker

▪ Turbulator is an arc control device and has


both axial and radial vents

11

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