IOT Based Arm Robot

Vishwajeet Abhay More

Department of Mechanical(Mechatronics) Engineering Department, Sinhgad College of Engineering,Pune.

Abstract: The proposed IoT-based Robotic Arm system consists of a robotic arm, sensors, actuators, a
microcontroller, and a wireless network module. The system allows remote operation of the arm through a
web-based user interface, providing increased flexibility, reduced costs, and improved efficiency for
various industries. The system can automate repetitive tasks, reducing the need for human labor and
improving productivity. Nevertheless, the path to a mature development of IoT-aided robotics applications
requires several pivotal issues to be solved, design methodologies to be consolidated, and strong
architectural choices to be discussed. As Robots are used to help mankind in various environments if we
combine the Robots and Internet of things we can achieve more than we can think of. This project
discusses technological implications, open issues, and target applications in the IoTaided robotics domain.
However, further research is needed to optimize the system's performance and address the challenges of
implementing IoT-based robotic systems. As the Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionising and digitalising
industry and the need for remote connectivity is increasing, there is an opportunity for new solutions for
remotely controlled industrial equipment. One possible way of controlling industrial robot arms is by using
a universal model arm input device of a different scale. The question this can lead to is, how a wireless IoT
solution for a model-controlled robot arm can perform. This thesis realises this concept with a working
demonstrator consisting of a model arm and a robot arm, connected through a third party IoT service.
Tests, measuring the precision of the replicated motion and the time delay are used to evaluate the
performance. The results lead to the conclusion, that the envisioned concept has merit, but is restricted by
limitations such as the transmission interval of the used IoT service. Further, the conclusions and
accomplishments of this thesis could serve as a basis for additional research on this method of remotely
controlling industrial equipment.

Keyword: IOT, Arm Robot, IoT Based Arm Robot, Robot, Servo motor

I. INTRODUCTION
Automation is a critical component of modern industrial development, enabling increased efficiency and
productivity while reducing the need for human labor. One significant outcome of this trend is the widespread
use of robotic arms in production and assembly environments. Robotic arms are programmable manipulators
that can perform a range of tasks in various settings, improving performance and reducing repetitive labour
costs. The Internet of Things (IoT) has also made a significant impact on automation, allowing for data
exchange across devices and facilitating remote control and monitoring. This includes the use of wearable
energy harvesting devices and implanted wireless biomedical applications, such as wireless micro pumps,
micro mixers, and micro valves. By connecting multiple devices, IoT enables broader monitoring and control
arrangements using open or public standards and personal computer systems. Robotic arms rely on electric
drivers, pneumatic and hydraulic systems, and microcontrollers to perform a set of sequential tasks. These
arms are widely used for mass production in industries like manufacturing and assembly. A theoretical-based
thesis can help evaluate the best solutions to problems associated with implementing robotic arms. The project
objectives include comparing available components, designing installation layouts, developing wiring designs
and installations, constructing support systems, designing grippers, and programming the robot.
While IoT-based robotic systems offer many benefits, further research is needed to optimize their performance
and address the challenges involved in their implementation. By overcoming these challenges, IoT-based
robotic systems may revolutionize the future of industrial automation, leading to increased efficiency,
productivity, and flexibility while reducing costs and improving safety.

A. Aims and Objectives

1) Enhance automation and efficiency in various industries such as manufacturing, logistics, and healthcare.
2) Perform a wide range of tasks with high precision, speed, and accuracy.
3) Improve safety, reduce costs, and provide flexibility in operations.
4) Provide businesses with a versatile and flexible tool that can enhance productivity, safety, and efficiency
while reducing costs and optimizing operations.

II. MATERIAL & METHOD

An IoT-based armed robot that uses wireless control is a robotic system that can be controlled remotely via the
Bluetooth or other wireless communication technologies. The robot is equipped with sensors, and weapons
that can be activated and controlled wirelessly using a web interface or mobile application.
The robot uses wireless communication technologies such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, to receive commands and
transmit data. This allows the robot to be control.
The wireless control aspect of the robot makes it easy to deploy and operate in remote locations where
physical access may be limited. It also allows for real-time monitoring of the robot's activities and the
environment it is patrolling.
Overall, an IoT-based armed robot that uses wireless control is a highly advanced security solution that
provides enhanced safety and protection against potential threats. The major components required for an IoT
Based Arm Robot are:
1. Arduino
Arduino boards are widely used in the robotics industry and in various computing elements within robots.
They are utilized for a range of applications, from path planning and safety systems in self-driving vehicles, to
sensors that enable vibration analytics in industrial settings, and provide high performance while conserving
power in drones used by emergency response services. This versatility has led to a change in approach in how
we create this technology.
The ATmega 328P microcontroller, which is commonly used in Arduino boards, has become more pivotal,
particularly in the field of machine learning (ML) which plays a significant role in powering modern robotics.
Arduino's focus has always been on pairing the best compute solution with the required workload.

2. Servo Motor Controller

A motor controller is an electronic device or a set of devices that regulate the performance of an electric motor
in a predetermined manner. This can involve mechanisms for starting and stopping the motor, selecting the
direction of rotation, regulating the speed, limiting torque, and protecting against overloads and malfunctions.
Motor controllers may have manual or automatic controls depending on their intended use.

3. Servo Motors
This control system is designed to operate a motor bidirectionally and at variable speeds for specific
applications. This depicts a Servo gear motor. The motor operates at a nominal voltage of either +5V or +12V,
with a nominal power range of 4W to 10W, and a nominal current range of +2A to 4A.

4. Potentiometer
A potentiometer is a type of variable resistor that consists of three terminals, including a sliding contact. It
functions as an adjustable voltage divider for measuring electric potential, or voltage, by allowing the user to
change the resistance in a circuit. Potentiometers are frequently used in a variety of electrical devices such as
audio equipment volume controls, position transducers, and signal adjustment applications. They can be used
as voltage dividers or position sensors in measurement instruments or robotics applications.

5. Bluetooth Module
This particular module is designed to operate on a 3.3V power supply but it can also handle a 5V supply
voltage due to the presence of an onboard 5 to 3.3V regulator.
The HC-05 Bluetooth module operates using a 3.3V level for RX/TX, which can be easily detected by most
microcontrollers without any extra voltage shifting required. However, it is important to ensure that the
transmit voltage level from the microcontroller is shifted correctly to match the RX input of the HC-05
module. The HC-05 module is capable of transferring data at rates of up to 1Mbps over a distance of
approximately 10 meters.

6. Power Supply
For this particular application, two types of power supply units: the PS 307 with a 5A capacity and the PS 307
with a 2A capacity. Motor controllers are used to drive the motors in this application, and it is important to
note that the starting current for the motor is around 3A while the nominal motor current is approximately 1A.
Given that the motor controller requires a larger amount of power, the power unit with a 5A capacity (PS 307)
is connected to the motor controller, while the power unit with a 2A capacity (also PS 307) is connected to the
control units.

7. Voltage Regulator
In order to power potentiometers used as input devices for an analog signal module, a constant voltage supply
is required. To regulate this voltage, the HB7809 voltage regulator is being utilized, which has a fixed output
voltage of 9V.To set the voltage range for the analog signal module, adjustments can be made based on
specific conditions. In the current setup, the processing range for analog signals has been configured to be
within the range of 0-10V.
 Fig.1 Working Module

Fig.2 Circuit Diagram of IoT Based Arm Robot

 Fig.3 Flowchart of code for the model arm.

Fig.4 Block Diagram of IoT Based Arm Robot

This block diagram describes the basic components and flow of information within an IoT-based robotic arm
system, controlled by a mobile device over WiFi, and powered by an ATmega228p microcontroller with a
wrist that operates on rotational movement.

III. RESULT
While previous research has focused on robotic arm technology, the incorporation of IoT provides an
opportunity to advance this research. In this study, an Android mobile device is utilized as the primary
platform for remote control of the robotic arm, specifically for pick and place operations. This approach
utilizes modern technology to improve the functionality and accessibility of the robotic arm, allowing for
more efficient and effective operation.

Fig.5 IoT Based Arm Robot

IV. CONCLUSIONS
The IoT-based arm robot is a promising technology that has the potential to revolutionize various industries,
including manufacturing, healthcare, and agriculture. A detailed study of this technology showed that it
involves the integration of sensors, actuators, and communication protocols to enable the robot to interact with
its environment and perform complex tasks.
The use of IoT in robotics enables real-time monitoring and control of the robot, making it more efficient and
accurate in its operations. It can also be used for predictive maintenance, which helps prevent breakdowns and
reduces downtime. Additionally, IoT-based arm robots can be remotely controlled and monitored, providing
opportunities for remote work and collaboration.
While the technology is still in its early stages, there is immense potential for further development and
improvement. Future research could focus on enhancing the accuracy and reliability of the sensors and
communication protocols, as well as exploring new applications in different industries.
Overall, the IoT-based arm robot presents many exciting possibilities for the future of robotics and
automation. Its integration with IoT technology has the potential to make robots more efficient, autonomous,
and adaptable to different environments, ultimately leading to increased productivity and cost savings for
businesses. This report highlights the importance and benefits of adopting this technology and provides a basis
for further research and development in this field.

V. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
It is my proud privilege and duty to acknowledge the kind of help and guidance received from several
people in preparation of this report. It would not have been possible to prepare this report in this form
without their valuable help, cooperation and guidance.
I express my sincere gratitude to my guide Prof. Avinash Kaldate. Department of Mechanical Engineering
(ME Mechatronics), SCOE, Pune for guiding me in investigations for this seminar. The numerous
discussions with him were extremely helpful. We hold in him in esteem of guidance, encouragement and
inspiration received from him.
The project on Internet Of Things(IOT) Based Robotic Arm was very helpful to me in giving the
necessary background information and inspiration in choosing this topic for the project. My sincere
thanks to Prof Avinash Kaldate seminar guide for having supported the work related to this project. His
contributions and support in preparing this report are greatly acknowledged. Last but not least, I wish to
thank our parents for constantly encouraging me to learn Engineering.

REFERENCES
[1] "An IoT-Based Robotic Arm with Surveillance System for Smart Homes" by R. Mukherjee et al. (2022).
[2] "IoT Controlled Robotic Arm for Pick and Place Application" by Divya Gupta and Shivam Sharma
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[3] "Design of Internet of Things (IoT) Based Intelligent Robotic Arm" by F. A. Sheikh, A. H. Siddiqui, and
S.A. Malik (2018).
[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics
[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things
[6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics
[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotic_arm
[8] http://home.iitk.ac.in/~adutta/Manual_serial_arm.pdf
[9] http://www.internet-of-things- research.eu/pdf/IERC_Cluster_Book_2014_Ch.3_SRI
A_WEB.pdf
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[12] "Internet of Things (IoT) Based Smart Robotic Arm for Industrial Applications" by S. K. Singh et al.
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