CLASS 10

BOOKS

h i P ra c t i c e
# S a a i !
Zar o o r i H

National
Best-selling
Publisher

Books:
Question Banks & Sample Papers BUY
Latest Syllabus & Paper Pattern at special discount

NCERT Textbooks with Solutions

www.educart.co
 SOLUTION
FINAL SAMPLE PAPER
SECTION - A
1. (a) Starch reacts with iodine 6. (c) S: FeSO4 ; R :Fe2O3, ; G : SO2, SO3
Explanation: In the experiment - “Light is Explanation:
essential for photosynthesis”, a part of leaf was 2FeSO4 Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3
covered with black paper and the plant was Green Reddish
(S) brown Suffocoting
then kept in sunlight. The uncovered part of the Smell
(R)
leaf performed photosynthesis in the presence (G)
of sunlight and produced starch. Therefore, 2SO2 + 2H2O 2H2SO3 (turns blue litmus
when iodine is added, starch reacts with it to
Sulphurous to red)
give a blue-black colour.
acid
Caution
 Students should know that the covered portion of Caution
the leaf, could not get the sunlight, as a result could  In order to solve such question. student may use
not accumulate starch. Therefore, on addition of exclusive method, by crossing out the incorrect
iodine, it does not turn blue-black. options first. For e.g., option (b) is wrong as H2O is not
a suffocating gas.
2. (b) Displacement reaction, solution becomes
colourless 7. (a) Behind the mirror
Explanation: When lead metal is placed in a Explanation: For an erect image, magnification
solution of copper chloride, the green colour is positive. Thus, m = 3 for an erect image
of copper chloride solution fades and becomes (three times the size of the object).
colourless due to formation of lead chloride. Given, m =3
The lead metal is more reactive than copper, R = 36 cm
therefore, lead displaces copper from copper R 36
f=
=−
chloride solution. This is called displacement 2 2
reaction. = – 18
Pb + CuCl2 → PbCl2 + Cu [negative sign because it is a concave mirror]
For a concave mirror,
3. (d) Angle of incidence, reflection and normal
−v
at the point of reflection all lie on the same m=
plane. u
Explanation: According to the law of reflection −v
⇒ 3= [... m = 3]
angle of incidence, reflection, and normal at u
the point of reflection all lie on the same plane. ⇒ 3u = – v
⇒ v = – 3u ...(i)
4. (a) Figure A Now, using mirror formula
Explanation: The greatest number of people 1 1 1
exist at the producer level in an ecosystem. + =
v u f
Each level after that sees a decrease in this
number. As a result, it has a pyramidal shape 1 1
⇒ + = 1
with a wider base and a tapered peak. 10% −3u u f
of the food is typically converted into body
[putting the value of v = – 3u]
mass and made available to the next tier of
consumers. −1 + 3 1
⇒ =
3u −18
5. (c) Third [putting the value of f = – 18]
Explanation: The food chain can be
2 1
represented as : Grass → Insect → Frog → ⇒ =
3u −18
Snake. Frog occupies the third trophic level.
⇒ 3u = – 36

22 Final Revision Class X

 36 Now putting the value of u in equation (i), we
⇒ u=−
3 get
v = – 3 × (– 12)
⇒ v = 36 cm
Thus, the image is formed behind the mirror at
⇒ u = – 12 a distance of 36 cm.

8. (a)

Earth
wire

Live
wire
Neutral 200 V
wire
Electricity
Electricity
Board's fuse
meter Distribution
box containing
main switch and fuses
for each circuit
Explanation: The practice of separating the conductor, the current should be passed in the
earth wire from the live (hot) and a neutral wire conductor from top to bottom. It is concluded
in the domestic electric circuit and throughout by applying right-hand thumb rule.
the electrical system is primarily related to
safety and proper functioning of the grounding 12. (a) (I) and (II)
system. Explanation: The correct formula of the
compounds are:
9. (d) Avoiding use of pesticides in crops.
Slaked lime- Ca(OH)2
Explanation: Accumulation of harmful
chemicals in our bodies can be avoided by not Caustic soda-NaOH
using harmful and toxic pesticides in farms Baking soda- NaHCO3
as these are non-biodegradable and keep Lime-CaO.
accumulating at each trophic level. Biological
magnification refers to the process where 13. (a) 3A
toxic substances move up the food chain and Explanation: The current flowing across
become more concentrated at each trophic conductors is constant in a series circuit and
level.
voltage is constant in parallel circuit. Therefore,
the current flow will be uniform throughout
Related Theory the circuit i.e., 3A. So, current flowing through
 As human beings are at the top of the trophic level 40 Ω resistor is 3A.
in any food chain, maximum concentration of these
harmful chemicals get accumulated in our bodies. 14. (c)
Caution
 Students usually get confused and do not know how
biological magnification is related to food chain. F

 The pesticides and chemicals or industrial effluents

are washed down into the soil or water bodies
from where they are absorbed by the plants, Explanation: The correct path of the ray is
aquatic plants or animals. This is how they enter shown in figure.
our food chain and being non-biodegradable, their
concentration increases at each trophic level.

10. (b) Oxygen should be in molecular (O2) form

Explanation: In this equation, oxygen used as F
a reactant is in molecule form (O2).
2Mg + O2 → 2MgO

11. (a) North to South 15. (c) The correct equation representing the

Explanation: The direction of current in the chemical reaction is:
conductor should be from top to bottom i.e., BaCl2(aq) + CuSO4(aq) → BaSO4(s) + CuCl2(aq)
from North to South direction. Explanation:
It is given that the current-carrying conductor BaCl2(aq) + CuSO4(aq) → BaSO4(s) + CuCl2(aq)
is held in exactly vertical direction. In order to White ppt.
produce a clockwise magnetic field around the It is a double displacement reaction

Science 23

Click here to buy other Educart Sample Paper Books - https://amzn.to/3OFHQkO

 16. (a) R : Ovary; S : Pollen their physical and chemical characteristics are
Explanation: The part labelled as ‘R’ and ‘S’ is similar. The general formula for compounds in
ovary and pollen respectively. Once the pollen the same homologous series is the same.
begins to grow, it travels through the cells of 19. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
the style to the ovary, where it fertilises the explanation of the A.
female gamete. Explanation: Tigers have a shorter small
intestine as meat is easier to digest.
17. (b) Both A and R are true and R is not the
Deers have a longer small intestine to allow
correct explanation of A.
cellulose from the plants to be digested. We
Explanation: While it is true that autotrophs know that deers are herbivorous whereas
capture the solar energy and convert it into tigers are carnivorous animals.
chemical energy, an average of 10% of the food
eaten by an organism is turned into its own 20. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
body and made available for the next level of explanation of A.
consumers. Since so little energy is available Explanation: Ozone is formed when the high
for the next level of consumers, food chains energy UV radiations act on oxygen molecules
generally consist of only three to four steps. (O2) and split it into free oxygen atoms (O)
which combine with the molecular oxygen
18. (c) A is true but R is false to form ozone (O3). Ozone thus shields the
Explanation: CnH2n+2 corresponds to general earth’s surface from the harmful effects of UV
formula of alkanes. Since, alkenes are radiations.
unsaturated so this series is saturated series. A UV
series of compounds with the same functional O2  → O+O
group is called a homologous series. Both O + O2 → O3

SECTION - B
21. P is cranium Þ + 1.5 =
1
Q is vertebral column. f
The function are as follows: 1
or f= m
1.5
(1) Cranium(P): It is the bony box that protects
10
the brain from mechanical injury. = m = 0.667 m = 66.67 cm.
15
(2) Vertebral column(Q): It protects the spinal
The focal length of the lens = 66.67 cm
cord and also carries the weight of the As the focal length is positive, the prescribed
upper body. lens will be converging lens (convex lens).

22. When water is added to quick lime (CaO), 24. (A) Spirogyra's mature, elongated filament
slaked lime [Ca(OH)2], also known as calcium breaks into smaller pieces or fragments.
The fragments grow into fully developed
hydroxide, is created.
filaments. This process is known as frag-
CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(s) + heat mentation.
(Slaked lime) (B) Hermaphrodites or bisexuals, eg. Mustard
The solution began to boil despite not and Hydra.
being heated because the reaction is highly 25. Glass or plastic containers are far less reactive
exothermic. The slaked lime suspension is to the contents inside them than metal con-
allowed to cool for a while, ideally overnight. tainers.
The liquid obtained after decanting is used for
Pickles contains some acids, oils, etc. that re-
white washing. acts with metals and corrode them to produce
toxic substances. This degrades the quality of
23. It is given that power of the corrective lens the pickles over time, hence making it unfit for
P = + 1.5 D. consumption.
Power of a lens is the reciprocal of its focal OR
length (in metres). (A) Balanced equation for the reaction taking
1 place on heating copper (II) nitrate in a
P=
f ( in m) boiling tube is as following:

24 Final Revision Class X

Click here to buy other Educart Sample Paper Books - https://amzn.to/3OFHQkO

 2Cu(NO ) → 2CuO + O2 + is more than that of C, which is a metal
3 2
Copper (II) oxide since its resistivity is very low. B and D are
Copper (II) nitrate (Black)
insulators as they have very high resistivity.
4NO 2 OR
Nitrogen dioxide
(X) (A) Resistance of a conductor depends on the
following factors:
(B) The brown gas X evolved is nitrogen dioxide
(1) Length of the conductor
gas (NO2).
(2) Area of cross section of the conductor
26. (A) The SI unit of current is Ampere. Current (I) (3) Nature of material of the conductor
can be expressed in terms of the charge (Q)
(4) Temperature of the conductor
Q (B) Given: l = 10 km = 10000 m; d = 2 mm;
flowing in time (t) as: I =
t r = 1 mm = 10–3 m; r = 2.7 × 10–8 W m

(B) As materials used in electric heating devices

l
R =r
are generally made up of alloys having A
10000
= 2.7 × 10–8 ×
resistivity in the range of 10–8 Ohm m to 3.4 × ]10 –3g
2

2
10–6 Ohm–m, material A will be used for = 0.859 × 10 W
electric heating devices as it’s resistivity ≈ 86 W approximately

SECTION - C
27. A) Ovary The statistical probability of getting either a
male or a female child is 50 : 50 as the sex of the
(B) Fallopian tube child is determined by what chromosome he/
(C) Uterus she inherits from father. A child who inherits an
Uterine
X chromosome from the father would be a girl
Cavity (XX) while a child who inherits a Y chromosome
Oviduct or from the father would be a boy (XY).
Fallopian tube
29. (1) Carbon atoms are bonded by covalent
Ovary Cervix bonds and therefore they do not form ions.
Cervical
Canal As they do not form free ions, they are poor
Uterus
conductors of electricity.
Vagina (2) Carbon compounds have low melting and
low boiling points.
Human female reproductive system
(3) Carbon compounds are usually insoluble in
28. Human beings possess 23 pairs of chromosomes. water but soluble in the organic solvents like
Out of these, the 23rd pair is known as sex ether, carbon tetrachloride, etc.
chromosomes (XX in females and XY in males).
30. In experiments, conducted by Mendel with
pea plants, he cross bred a tall pea plant with
Parents
dwarf pea plant, he found that in first filial (F1)
Father XY X XX Mother generation all plants were tall. No dwarf plants
were obtained in F1 generation.
Sperms Eggs
However, in second filial (F2) generation, both
tall and dwarf plants were obtained in the ratio
Y
of 3 : 1. In F2 generation, both traits of tallness
X X X Gametes
and dwarfness were inherited where tallness is
dominant and dwarfness is recessive.

Reappearance of dwarf character in F2

generation proves that the dwarf trait
XX XX XY XY (O springs)
was inherited but not expressed in the F1
Daughters Sons generation.

Science 25

Click here to buy other Educart Sample Paper Books - https://amzn.to/3OFHQkO

 OR
Related Theory
P represents violet.

Q represents green.
Phenotype of parents Pure Tall × Pure Dwarf
R represents red.
Genotype TT tt We are aware that waves with longer
Gametes T t
wavelengths deviate less, and vice versa.

Tt Therefore, the red will deviate the most while

F1 generation Hybrid tall the violet colour the least. As a result, the
Selfing of F1 hybrid Tt
×
Tt upper part of the spectrum will be red, green
T t T t in the middle and the lower part will be violet.
Gametes

F2 generation T t

T TT Tt Red
Orange
Tall Tall Yellow
t Tt tt Green
Blue
Tall Dwarf White Indigo
Violet
Light Glass Prism
Phenotypic ratio = 3 : 1 (3 tall : 1 dwarf)
Genotypic ratio = 1 : 2 : 1 (1 pure tall :
2 hybrid tall : 1 pure dwarf) 32. Sushma’s mother has forgotten to add baking
powder (a mixture of sodium hydrogen
31. (A)
carbonate and tartaric acid. While preparing
the dough for the cake. The sodium hydrogen
carbonate present in baking powder releases
carbon dioxide on baking as depicted in the
following reaction.
Heat
(Pole) 2NaHCO3 ¾¾¾® Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O (Water)
(Sodium (Sodium (Carbon

Convex mirror bicarbonate) bicarbonate) (dixoxide)

(B) A The carbon dioxide bubbles that evolve leave

i
r behind pores which make the cake soft and
C F
P fluffy.
(Pole)
(Centre of (Focus)
Curvature)
33. (A) Both P and Q are North poles. Magnetic
B field lines emerge from North pole.

Concave mirror (B) Movement of electron beam from back

(C) B wall to front wall is equivalent to the

flow of electric current from front wall to
r
i the back wall. Now the deflection of the
A
beam towards right means direction of
Principal Axis
force is towards the right side. According
P F C
Pole Focus Centre of to Fleming’s left hand rule, the magnetic
Curvature
field inside the chamber is in downward
Convex or diverging mirror direction i.e. perpendicular to the plane of
Convex or diverging mirror the paper and directed inwards.

26 Final Revision Class X

Click here to buy other Educart Sample Paper Books - https://amzn.to/3OFHQkO

 SECTION - D
34. (A) The parts of human male reproductive 35.
system performing the following
Heater A Heater B
functions:
Power P 100 W 150 W
Voltage V 220 V 220 V

P
(ii) Prostate Current I = 0.45 A 0.68 A
gland V

V 489 324
(iv) Urethra
Resistance R =
I Ohms Ohms

(A) Electric Power,

P = VI
(iii) Scrotum (i) Testis
P
⇒ I=
(i) Production of sperms: Testis V
(ii) Gland which provides fluid: Prostate Also, according to Ohm’s law,
gland V = IR
(iii) Provides low temperature for the
V
formation of sperms: Scrotum \ R= .
I
(B) Testis is the human male reproductive
organ that produces sperm and secretes Using these relations, the values of current
a hormone. The name of the hormone and resistance of heaters A and B have
secreted is testosterone. been calculated:
Functions of hormone: For heater A:
(1) It regulates development of secondary P = 100 W
sexual characters. V = 220 V
(2) It regulates the formation, development P
and maturation of sperm. I=
V
(C) A disease which is sexually transmitted or
STD includes warts or syphilis or HIV-AIDS. It 100
I=
can be prevented by using condoms during 220
sexual intercourse.
I = 0.45 A
OR
220
(A) When Planaria accidently gets cut into R= Ohm
0.45
many pieces then each piece grows into
a complete organism. This is known as = 489 Ohm
regeneration. For heater B:
(B) When the Bryophyllum leaf falls on the wet P = 150 W
soil, the buds present in the notches along V = 220 V
the leaf margin develop into new plants.
This is known as vegetative propagation. P
I=
(C) The sporangia of Rhizopus contain cells or V
spores that can eventually develop into new 150
Rhizopus when it bursts on maturation. I=
220
(D) When a mature Spirogyra filament attains
I = 0.68 A
a considerable length it breaks into small
pieces called fragments. These fragments 220
R= Ohm
grow into new individuals and this mode of 0.68
reproduction is called fragmentation.
= 324 Ohm
(E) If mature ovum is not fertilised in a female,
Resistance of heater A is 489 Ohm and
it gets released into fallopian tubes, and the
that of heater B is 324 Ohms. Therefore,
process is known as menstruation.
heater A has higher resistance.

Science 27

Click here to buy other Educart Sample Paper Books - https://amzn.to/3OFHQkO

 (B) Electrical Energy consumed by heater-A: Hence current in 20W is double as
E =P×t compared to the current in 40 W resistor.
= 100 × 1
36. (A) Iron (Fe) lies above copper (Cu) in the
= 100 Wh activity series. This means that iron or iron
= 0.1 KWh knife will displace copper from copper
Heater-B: sulphate solution. As a result of the
E = P × t = 150 × 1 reaction, ferrous sulphate will be formed
= 150 Wh = 0.15 KWh and the solution will be light green in
colour.
Cost of operating heater-A for 1 hour
= ` 5 × 0.1 = ` 0.50 Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) → FeSO4(aq)
Cost of operating heater-B for 1 hour Iron Copper sulphate Ferrous sulphate
= ` 5 × 0.15 = ` 0.75 (blue) (light green)
+ Cu(s)
So heater B will be costly as it consumes
Copper
more energy.
(B) The bronze medal is an alloy and the
OR
constituting metals are copper (Cu) and tin
(A) Advantages of connecting electrical (Sn).
devices in parallel are:
The loss of lustre by the metal is due to
(1) Different appliances need different the formation of a coating of green layer.
values of current for their proper This green layer is basic copper carbonate
operation. Whereas, in a series circuit, [(Cu2(OH)2CO3].
the current is constant throughout the
OR
circuit.
(A) It is true. The relative positions of these
(2) When one component fails in a series
metals in the reactivity series can be
circuit, the entire circuit is broken and
estimated. For instance,
none of the components work. On the
other hand, a parallel circuit divides the (1) Even with cold water, sodium reacts
current through the electrical gadgets. violently, and it easily combines with
air or oxygen.
(3) There is no division of voltage among
the appliances when connected in (2) When heated, magnesium reacts with
parallel. The potential difference across hot water as well as with oxygen or air.
each appliance is equal to the supplied (3) Iron only reacts with steam, and it
voltage. reacts slowly with air.
(B) For parallel combination of resistors, the This demonstrates that these metals'
potential difference will be same. respective positions in the activity series
Let the potential difference be V are: sodium, magnesium, and iron.
V (B) Zinc (Zn) lies above mercury (Hg) in the
As, I= R
activity series and can easily replace it
Then the current passing through the from mercuric chloride solution. Mercury
resistance 20 Ohm will be, formed in the reaction gets deposited on

V the surface of zinc to give it a silvery look.
I1 = R .
The current passing through the resistance Zn(s) + HgCl2(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + Hg(s) (Mercury)
40 Ohm will be, (Zinc) (Mercuric chloride) (Zinc chloride)

V But zinc is placed below magnesium in

I2 = the activity series. Therefore, no chemical
40
reaction occurs between zinc and
Clearly we see that, magnesium sulphate solution.
I1 = 2I2 Zn(s) + MgSO4(aq) → No reaction

SECTION - E
37. (A) (i) 
Methyl orange is a synthetic indicator change, an excess solution of a base
which is red in acidic medium and should be added which will neutralize
yellow in basic medium. the acid.
(ii) An aqueous solution turns blue litmus (B) Both phenolphthalein and methyl orange
solution red. So, the given solution is are synthetic indicators whereas litmus and
acidic in nature. In order to reverse the vanilla essence are natural indicators.

28 Final Revision Class X

Click here to buy other Educart Sample Paper Books - https://amzn.to/3OFHQkO

 OR the wavelength of light, light of smaller
(B) Onion extract, vanilla essence and clove wavelength is scattered the most. If the
oil are olfactory indicators which can be earth had no atmosphere, the sky would
used by visually impaired persons. On the appear black in the day time as no colour of
other hand, red cabbage leaf extract is red sunlight would be scattered then.
in acidic medium but changes to green in
39. (A) The waste material is removed from
basic medium which cannot be seen by a
the body via the anus. The exit of waste
visually impaired person.
material from anus is regulated by anal
38. (A) The Tyndall effect is scattering of light sphincter.
by particles in a colloid or in a very fine (B) Basic toothpaste should be used by Rohit
suspension. The fine particles present in a for clearing the teeth. This toothpaste will
true solution or a colloid scatter the beam neutralise the excess acid produced by
of light thereby making the path of light bacteria and prevent tooth decay.
visible. (C) Salivary glands not only secrete saliva but
(B) The scattering of light and the colour of the also salivary amylase, an enzyme which
scattered light depends upon the size of the converts starch into sugar.
particles. Larger particles scatter longer Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is present in the
wavelength like, red and orange. stomach which is secreted by gastric
(C) When the star light enters the earth’s glands. HCl decreases the pH of stomach. It
atmosphere, where its refractive index is also activates pepsin.
increasing gradually, the star light is bent OR
towards the normal. Moreover, this light (C) The correct order of steps is:
entering our eyes fluctuates randomly
(1) Ingestion – Intake of food.
with time as the physical conditions of our
atmosphere is changing continuously. This (2) Digestion-insert space Break down
phenomenon is known as atmospheric of complex material into simpler
materials.
refraction.
(3) Absorption – Movement of digested
OR
food for absorption.
(C) The blue colour of sky is due to the scattering
(4) Assimilation – Utilization of food.
of light by the large number of molecules
present in the earth’s atmosphere. As the (5) Egestion – Removal of undigested food
size of the scatterer is much smaller than material.

Science 29

Click here to buy other Educart Sample Paper Books - https://amzn.to/3OFHQkO