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Water Dynamics

Hydrodynamic load in water

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Shahzad Bin Ayaz
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13 views

Water Dynamics

Hydrodynamic load in water

Uploaded by

Shahzad Bin Ayaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A.

1—General outline of design method


In the absence of a more rigorous method of analysis, the general procedures
outlined below may be used to apply the provisions of
Chapters 1 through 9.
Basic seismic design parameters:
1. Establish the design depth of the stored liquid HL, the wall height Hw, and the
tank length or diameter, L or D, respectively;
2. From the applicable seismic ground motion map of ASCE 7-05, Chapter 22, obtain
the mapped maximum considered earthquake spectral response accelerations at short
periods and at 1 second (SS and S1, respectively). After selecting the site
classification from ASCE 7-05, Table 20.3-1, obtain coefficients Fa and Fv using
ASCE 7-05, Tables 11.4-1 and 11.4-2, and
calculate SDS and SD1 using Eq. (9-35) and (9-36);
3. Select an importance factor I from Table 4.1.1(a);
4. Select the factors Ri and Rc from Table 4.1.1(b) for the type of structure being
investigated;
Tank dynamic properties:
5. Calculate the equivalent weight of the tank wall (shell) Ww, roof Wr, and the
stored liquid WL. Also, compute the effective
mass coefficient ε;
6. Calculate the effective weight of the impulsive component of the stored liquid
Wi, and the convective component Wc using
Fig. 9.2.1 for rectangular tanks or Fig. 9.3.1 for circular tanks;
7. Calculate the heights hw, hr, hi, and hc (EBP) and h′i and hc′ (IBP) to the
center of gravity of the tank wall, roof, impulsive
component, and convective component, respectively (Fig. 9.2.2, 9.2.3, 9.3.2, and
9.3.3, or Sections 9.2 and 9.3);
8. Calculate the combined natural frequency of vibration ωi of the containment
structure and the impulsive component of the
stored liquid (Eq. (9-9) for rectangular tanks or Eq. (9-23) for circular tank
Types 2.1 and 2.2). The impulsive mode will generally fall
into the rigid range of the response spectra (that is, the constant spectral
acceleration region of the design response spectrum in
Fig. R9.4.1) for common sizes of concrete tanks. Thus, if the maximum value of Ci
is used (SDS), calculation of the natural
frequency and natural period is not required;
9. Calculate the frequency of the vibration ωc of the convective component of the
stored liquid (Eq. (9-12) for rectangular
tanks or Eq. (9-28) for circular);
10. Using the frequency values determined in Steps 8 and 9, calculate the
corresponding natural periods of vibration Ti and Tc.
(Eq. (9-11) and (9-14) for rectangular tanks, or Eq. (9-25), (9-26), and (9-30) for
circular tanks);
11. Based on the natural periods determined in Step 10 and the design spectral
response acceleration values derived in Step 2, calculate the corresponding seismic
response coefficients Ci and Cc (Eq. (9-32), (9-33), (9-37), and (9-38)). Note:
Where a sitespecific response spectrum is constructed in accordance with Section
4.2.1, Ci and Cc are determined in accordance with
Sections 9.5 and R9.5;
Freeboard:
12. Where required, calculate the maximum vertical displacement of liquid surface
(wave height) in accordance with Chapter 7.
Adjust the wall height if required to meet freeboard requirements;
APPENDIX A—DESIGN METHOD
Copyright American Concrete Institute
Provided by IHS under license with ACI Licensee=UAE/5940240027
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale,
06/23/2015 01:58:03 MDT
--`,``,,,,```,``,,,`,,`,``,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---350.3-56 ACI STANDARD/COMMENTARY
COMMENTARY
Base shear and overturning moments:
13. Compute the dynamic lateral forces (Eq. (4-1) to (4-4)) and total base shear V
(Eq. (4-5));
14. Calculate the bending and overturning moments (Eq. (4-10) and (4-13));
Vertical acceleration:
15. Compute the vertical amplification factor Ct in accordance with Section 9.4.3.
For circular tanks, first calculate the natural
period of vibration of vertical liquid motion Tv (Eq. (9-31));
16. Calculate the hydrodynamic pressure pvy (Eq. (4-14));
Pressure distribution:
17. Compute the vertical distribution of the force components in accordance with
Chapter 5;
Stresses:
18. In rectangular tanks, calculate the stresses in the wall due to the impulsive
and convective pressures, depending on the
structural system considered (Section 6.1) and the stresses associated with the
increase in effective fluid density due to the
vertical acceleration. In circular tanks, calculate the hoop stresses due to the
impulsive and convective pressures and due to the
vertical acceleration (Section 6.2); and
19. Calculate the overall bending stresses due to the overturning moments (from
Step 14). Downward pressures on the
neoprene bearing pads of free base circular tanks caused by overturning moments
should be considered. If uplift develops on
the heel side, then anchor cables must be provided

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