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 Unit IV
Electromagnetic
Induction
and
Alternating Currents
 Chapter 7
Alternating Current
š CUET PYQs 1
A metal plate is getting heated. It can be
because
(A) A direct current is passing through
the plate
(B) It is placed in a time varying magnetic
field
(C) It is placed in space varying magnetic
field, but doesn’t vary with time
(D) An alternating current passing
through the plate
(E) It is placed between the pole pieces of
a magnet
Choose the correct answer from the
options given below

(a) A, B & C only (c) A & E only

(b) B & C only (d) A, B and D only

¥ 2023 27th & 23rd May

 (d) A, B and D only

A A metal plate can be heated when a

DC or AC current passing through it
or it is placed in time varying
magnetic field.
A Varying magnetic field induce electric
current in metal plate which will heat
the metal plate.
A Time constant magnetic field cannot
induce current; hence it will not be
able to heat the metal plate.
š CUET PYQs 2
A coil of inductance 0.50 H and resistance
100 Ω is connected to 240 V, 50 Hz supply.
The maximum current in the coil is

(a) 1.72 A (c) 1.82 A

(b) 1.62 A (d) 1.92 A

¥ 2023 27th May

(c) 1.82 A
p p
2 2 2 2
Z = ( X L ) + R = (2π f L) + R
p
2
Z = [(100π)(0.5)] + (100) 2
p p
Z = 100 π (0.25) + 1 = 100 3.5
2 2

V 240
I= = p
Z 100 3.5
à !
p 240 p
I0 = I 2 = p 2 = 1.82 A
100 3.5
š CUET PYQs 3
The reactance of a circuit is zero. It is
possible that the circuit contains :
A. an inductor and a capacitor
B. an inductor but no capacitor
C. a capacitor but no inductor
D. Neither inductor nor capacitor
Choose the correct answer from the
options given below :

(a) A and B only (c) D and C only

(b) A, B and C only (d) A and D only

¥ 2023 27th May

(d) A and D only

Reactance is a measurement of
capacitance and inductance’s resistance.
So, reactance is zero when
(i) XC = XL (ii) XC = XL = 0
š CUET PYQs 4
What is the power factor of an ac circuit
having resistance R and Inductance L
connected in series?
(ω is the angular frequency)
−1 −1
(a) (ωL) R (b) R(ωL)
1 1
2 2 −2 2 2 −2
(c) R R − ω L (d) R R + ω L
¡ 2 ¢ ¡ 2 ¢

¥ 2023 27th May

1
2 2 −2
(d) R R + ω L
¡ 2 ¢

ωL
tan φ =
R
R
Power factor = cos φ = q
R + ωL
2
¡ ¢
2 2

−1
= R R +ω L
¡ 2 2 2 2
¢
š CUET PYQs 5
Which of the following statements are
correct about transformers ?
A. Transformers can not be used to step
up DC.
B. The frequency of output across the
secondary is always equal to the
frequency of input across the primary.
C. The output power of a transformer
may be increased to a value which is
more than the input power.
D. Transformation ratio is equal to turns
ratio.
E. In a step up transformer, secondary
current is less than primary current.
Choose the correct answer from the
options given below :
(a) A, B, C (b) B, C, D
(c) C, D, A (d) A, B, D, E
 ¥ 2023 25th May

(d) A, B, D, E

A Transformer can be used for A.C. only

A Frequency across input and output is
same
VS NS IP
A = =
VP NP IS
¯ ¯
A VSIS = VPIP ¯ VS > VP ¯ IP > IS
¯ ¯
š CUET PYQs 6
A bulb and a capacitor are connected in
series to an a.c. source. A dielectric slab is
now introduced between the plates of the
capacitor. The intensity of the bulb will be

(a) Zero (c) Decreases

(b) Increases (d) Remain same
¥ 2023 25th May

(b) Increases

Average power dissipation in an AC circuit

is

P = Vrms I rms cos φ

Also Vrms = I rms × Z

2
Vrms R Vrms × R
∴ P = Vrms × × = 2
. . . (i)
Z Z Z
Impendence of the circuit,
 s µ ¶2
2
1
Z= R +
ωC
When the dielectric is introduced
between the plates of capacitor its
capacitance increases, hence impedance
of the circuit decreases.
From the equation (i), we can see that if Z
decreases P increases, therefore
brightness of the bulb increases.
š CUET PYQs 7
In the circuit shown ac source gives a
voltage V = 20 cos 2000t
Neglecting source resistance, the
voltmeter and ammeter reading will be

(a) 0 V, 1.4 A (c) 0 V, 14 A

(b) 1.68 V, 0.47 A (d) 5.6 V, 1.4 A
¥ 2023 25th May
(a) 0 V, 1.4 A

Impendence of the circuit

 p
2 2
Z = R + (X L − XC )
R = 6 + 4 = 10 Ω ; XL = 2000×5×10 −3
= 10Ω
1
XC = −6
= 10Ω
2000 × 50 × 10
p
2
∴ Z = 10 + (10 − 10) = 10Ω 2

Vrms 20 p
Irms = ⇒ I rms = p = 2
Z 2 × 10
Hence ammeter reading will be
p
= 2 = 1.41 A
Since X L = X C
∴ Reading of voltmeter will be zero.
š CUET PYQs 8
The current and voltage in ac circuit are
given by
 
π
I = 5 sin 100t −  A
2
and
V = 200 sin(100t )V
The power dissipated in the circuit is

(a) 20 W (c) 0
(b) 40 W (d) 1000 V

¥ 2023 23rd May

Correct option is (c)

Power dissipation in an AC circuit :

P = Vrms Irms cos φ
Where φ is the phase difference between
current and voltage.
 π
Here φ = , which can be observed by
2
current and voltage equations.
π
Hence, P = Vrms Irms cos = 0
2
š CUET PYQs 9
For which of the following, a capacitor
acts as an infinite resistance component
in the circuit ?
(a) Alternating current
(b) Direct current
(c) Alternating current as well as direct
current
(d) Neither alternating current nor direct
current
¥ 2023 23rd May

Correct option is (b)

1
Capacitor reactance Xc =
ωC
For D.C. ω = 0
∴ Xc = ∞
Hence, capacitor blocks D.C. only
š CUET PYQs 10
Which of the following combinations
should be used for better tuning of an
LCR circuit used for communication ?
(a) R = 25 Ω, L = 1.5 H, C = 35 µF
(b) R = 25 Ω, L = 2.0 H, C = 45 µF
(c) R = 15 Ω, L = 3.5 H, C = 30 µF
(d) R = 15 Ω, L = 1.0 H, C = 40 µF
¥ 2023 23rd May
Correct option is (c)

For better tuning of an LCR circuit quality

factor (Q) should be high. We know,
s
1 L
Q=
R C
For it R and L should be low but L should
be high to achieve better tuning. Clearly
option (3) and (4) have low resistance so
they can be better than (1) and (2)
r
1 3.5
But Q 3 = −6
= 13.37
15 30 × 10
r
1 1
And Q 4 = −6
= 10.53
15 40 × 10
Thus, (3) is best for tuning of an LCR
circuit for communication.
š CUET PYQs 11
An LCR series circuit containing
resistance R 1, inductance L 1 and
capacitance C 1 gives resonance at the
same frequency f as a second similar
combination R 2, L 2 and C 2. If the two
circuits are connected in series, then the
frequency of the combined circuit is
1
(a) 2 f (b) 4 f (c) f (d) f
2
¥ 2022 30th August

Equivalent capacitance in series

C 1C 2
=
C 1 +C 2
Equivalent inductance in series = L 1 + L 2
r
1
Frequency of combined circuit ω =
LC
 s
C 1 +C 2
=
C 1C 2 (L 1 + L 2)
s
C 1 +C 2
=
L 1C 1C 2 + L 2C 1C 2
As frequency of individual circuit is same
L 1C 1 = L 2C 2
s
C 1 +C 2
ω=
L 1C 1C 2 + L 1C 1C 1
s
C 1 +C 2
=
L 1C 1 (C 1 +C 2)
s
1
=
L 1C 1

ω = ω of individual circuit.
So, frequency is also same
š CUET PYQs 12
A hydroelectric power plant situated at a
distance of 20 km from a town. Whose
energy demand is 100 MW at 240 V. At
hydro electric power plant, the water
pressure head is at a height of 400 m and
3
the water flow available is 100 m /s.
Electrical energy generated in power
plant is transmitted to the town with the
use of transformers voltage output of the
AC generator at power plant is stepped up
and is there transmitted over long
distances to an sub-station near the
consumers in town. Sub-stations and
utility poles steps down the voltage finally
the 240 V which finally reaches the
houses.
In the efficiency of turbine is 70% the
electric power generated in plant is (Take
 2
g = 10 m/s )
(a) 280 kW
(b) 280 MW
(c) 400 kW
(d) 400 MW
¥ 2022 30th August
280 MW
Gravitational power generated
dV
µ ¶
P grav = ρ gh
dt
P grav = 1000(100)(10)(400)
P grav = 400MW
Power output
But, efficiency is η =
Power input
P electric
=
P grav µ ¶
400
∴ P electric = 70 MW
100
P electric = 280MW
š CUET PYQs 13
Resistance of the two wires transmitting
the power is 1 Ω/km. If the 50,000–5000 V
step down transformer is used at a
sub-station in town, the power loss in
transmission line in the form of heat is
(a) 160 mW
(b) 160 W
(c) 160 kW
(d) 160 MW
¥ 2022 30th August
160 MW
Here net resistance of power line
Ω
R =1 × 40 km = 40Ω
km 6
P 100 × 10
Current in line I = =
V 50, 000
3
I = 2 × 10 A
 2
∴ Power loss in line P loss = I R
3 2
¡ ¢
P loss = 2 × 10 (40)
6
= 160 × 10 W
P loss = 160MW
š CUET PYQs 14
Arrange the cause of energy loss in power
transmission from power plant to end
user in their sequential order :
(A) Hysterisis in step-down transformer
(B) Hysterisis in step-up transformer
(C) Resistance of copper windings in
step-down transformer
(D) Resistance of copper windings in
step-up transformer
(E) Resistance of wire connecting
powerplant and sub-station.
Choose the correct answer from the
options given below :
(a) B, D, E, A, C
(b) B, C, E, A, D
(c) C, A, E, D, B
(d) D, B, E, C, A
¥ 2022 30th August
 D, B, E, C, A

Transmission of power follows the path

Thus, power loss follows the following

sequence
(1) Copper loss at step up transformer
(D)
(2) Hysterisis loss in step up transformer
(B)
(3) Loss in resistance of connecting wires
between power plant and substation
(E)
(4) Copper loss at step down transformer
(C)
(5) Hysterisis loss in step down
transformer (A)
š CUET PYQs 15
Which amongst the following is not
responsible for energy loss in transformer
due to heat ?
(a) Flux leakage
(b) Resistance of the windings
(c) Eddy currents
(d) Hysterisis
¥ 2022 30th August

Flux leakage

In transformers Although energy is lost

due to flux leakage But this energy is not
lost in the form of heat like in resistance,
eddy current or hysteresis loss. This loss
merely accounts for loss due to inefficient
coupling of primary and secondary coils.
š CUET PYQs 16
In ideal transformer back emf (e p ) in
primary coil is equal to the applied
voltage (Vp ) across primary coil. If this
were not so then.
(a) Primary current would be zero
(b) Secondary current would be zero
(c) Primary current would be infinite
(d) Secondary current would be infinite
¥ 2022 30th August

Primary current would be infinite

In any coil, applied AC voltage causes

current to flow Which induces a back emf
Thus applied voltage generates a current
that gets limited by back emf If this were
not so, there is nothing to impede or block
the current and thus primary current will
become infinite.
š CUET PYQs 17
A series LCR circuit has resonant
frequency of ω0. If inductance in the
circuit is replaced by another one having
the same value of inductance but higher
value of internal resistance. Select the
statement that explains the change in
functioning of the circuit correctly.
(a) Resonant frequency of the circuit will
decrease
(b) Amplitude of current at the resonant
frequency will increase
(c) Quality factor of the circuit will
decrease
(d) Bandwidth of the circuit will decrease
§ 2022 26th August

Quality factor of the circuit will

decrease
When inductance in the circuit is
replaced by another one having the same
value of inductance but higher of internal
resistance then,
1
ω0 = p , no effect on resonant
LC
frequency
i0 p Vrms
i rms = p ⇒ i 0 = 2 × or resistance of
2 R
the circuit increases hence amplitude of
current at resonant frequency decreases.
r
1 L
Quality factor = or R ↑, quality
R C
factor ↓
R
Band width, ∆ω = , or R ↑, ∆ω ↑
2L
š CUET PYQs 18
Given below are two statements
Statement I : In an LCR series circuit,
power dissipated is minimum at
resonance.
Statement II : In an LCR circuit, power is
dissipated only in the inductor and
capacitor.
In the light of the above statements,
choose the most appropriate answer from
the options given below
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are
true
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are
false
(c) Statement I is correct but Statement II
is false
(d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement
II is true
 § 2022 26th August

Both Statement I and Statement II are

false
In LCR series circuit,
P avg = Vrms × I rms × cos φ at resonance,
φ = 0 , ⇒ cos φ = 1
◦

⇒ hence power dissipated is maximum at

resonance.
In LCR circuit, power is dissipated only
across the resistor. Hence both the
statements are false.
š CUET PYQs 19
In a series LCR circuit L = 4 H, C = 100 µF
and R = 25 Ω. The circuit is connected to a
variable frequency 220 V source.

The source angular frequency (ω) which

drives the circuit in resonance is
−1
(a) 0.05 rads
−1
(b) 2 rads
−1
(c) 314 rads
−1
(d) 50 rads
§ 2022 26th August
−1
50 rads
 1
Resonant angular frequency, ω0 = p
LC
1
⇒ ω0 = p
4 × 100 × 10 −6

1 1
=p = −2
4 × 10 −4 2 × 10
⇒ ω0 = 50rads−1
š CUET PYQs 20
In a series LCR circuit if frequency of the
ac source is increased from resonance
value f 0 to 2 f 0. Choose the statement
depicting correct situation in the circuit.
(a) Impedance of the circuit would
increase
(b) Potential difference across the
resistance would increase
(c) rms value of the current in the circuit
will increase
(d) Potential difference across the series
combination of L & C will become
zero
§ 2022 26th August

Impedance of the circuit would increase

When frequency of the ac source is
increased from f 0 to 2 f 0 then impedance
of the circuit increases.
p p Vrms
i 0 = 2 × i rms ⇒ i 0 = 2 × , or
z
impedance value increases, amplitude of
current decreases hence potential
difference across resistance would
decrease.
Vrms
i rms = , or z ↑ i rms ↓
z
Potential difference across the series
combination of L & C will be non-zero as
it is not condition of resosnance.
š CUET PYQs 21
A pure inductor of 0.25mH, a pure
capacitor of 250µF and a resistor of 350Ω
are connected in series. An ac source of
amplitude 210 V is connected across this
series combination of L,C and R. The
impedance and current amplitude in the
circuit at resonance will be :
(a) Zmin = 703Ω and I max = 0.30 A
(b) Zmin = 350Ω and I max = 0.60 A
(c) Zmin = 850Ω and I max = 0.25 A
(d) Zmin = 430Ω and I max = 0.5 A
§ 2022 26th August

Zmin = 350Ω and I max = 0.60 A

Impedance of the circuit,

Z = R [at resonance]

⇒ Z = R = 350Ω
At resonance impedance is minimum,
⇒ Zmin = 350Ω
Vmax 210
I max = ⇒ I max = = 0.60 A
R 350
š CUET PYQs 22
A 50Ω resistance and an inductance of
2
H are connected in series with
3π
power supply of 220 volt AC of 50 Hz.
Choose the correct statement.
(a) Current leads
µ ¶ the potential difference
−1 3
by tan
4
(b) Potential difference leads the current
◦
by 90
(c) Current leads
µ ¶ the potential difference
−1 4
by tan
3
(d) Potentialµ difference
¶ leads the current
−1 4
by tan
3
§ 2022 23rd August

Option (d) is correct

 ωL
µ ¶
φ = tan−1
R
f L
µ ¶
−1 2π
= tan
R
π
µ ¶
−1 2 × × 50 × 2
= tan
µ ¶ 50 × 3π
4
φ = tan−1
3
š CUET PYQs 23
A bulb and an iron core inductor are
connected to an AC source through key as
shown in figure

The bulb glows with certain brightness.

Now iron rod in taken out of the inductor.
Then the brightness of bulb.
(a) Increases
(b) Decreases
(c) Is unchanged
(d) First increases then decreases
§ 2022 23rd August
Increases
When iron rod is removed it reduces the
permeability of core of inductor and thus
inductance decreases
L = µ0µr n I A : initially
2
£ ¤

L = µ0n I A : later
2
£ ′ ¤

Then, X L = ωL decrease
p
2 2
and hence, Z = R + (ωL) decreases
resulting in increase in current in the
circuit. Thus, brightness of bulb increases
š JEE Mains PYQs 24
In a transformer, ratio of turns in primary
to secondary coil is 10 : 1. If primary side
voltage is 230 volt and frequency is 50 Hz
and resistance of secondary side is 46Ω,
then find power output.
(a) 11.5 W (b) 12 W
(c) 12.5 W (d) 23 W
§ 2024 27th Jan Shift 2
11.5 W
N1 V1
=
N2 V2
10 230
=
1 V2
V2 = 23 V
2
V2 23 × 23 23
P2 = = = = 11.5 W
R2 46 2
 ¼te
There will be one Question
Paper which will have 50
questions out of which 40
questions need to be
attempted.
Illustrations
 ` Chapter 7
Alternating Current

Publisher : Libgen Books

www.cuet.pw
1. In an AC circuit I = 100 sin 200πt. The time
required for the current to achieve its peak
value will be
1
(a) s
200
1
(b) s
400
1
(c) s
100
1
(d) s
300

2. When an AC voltage of 220 V is applied to the

capacitor C, then
(a) The current is in phase with the applied
voltage
(b) Power delivered to the capacitor per cycle is
zero
(c) The maximum voltage between plates is 220 V
(d) The charge on the plate is not in phase with
the applied voltage

3. In the case of an inductor

 π
(a) Voltage leads the current by
4
π
(b) Voltage leads the current by
3
π
(c) Voltage leads the current by
2
π
(d) Voltage lags the current by
2

4. An alternating current of frequency f is

flowing in a circuit containing a resistor of
resistance R and a choke of inductance L in
series. The impedance of this circuit is
(a) R + 2π f L
p
(b) R2 + L 2
p
(c) R + 2π f L
2
p
(d) R + 4π f L
2 2 2 2

5. The reactance of capacitor at 50 Hz is 10 Ω.

What will be its reactance at 200 Hz ?
(a) 2.5 Ω
(b) 10 Ω
(c) 20 Ω
(d) 40 Ω
 ‚ Œ
0.4
6. In an LR circuit, the value of L is
π
H and the value of R is 30 Ω. If in the circuit,
an alternating emf of 200 V at 50 cps is
connected, the impedance of the circuit and
current will be
(a) 50 Ω, 4 A
(b) 40.4 Ω, 5 A
(c) 30.7 Ω, 6.5 A
(d) 11.4 Ω, 17.5 A

7. Same current is flowing in two alternating

circuits. The first circuit contains only
inductance and the other contains only a
capacitor.
If the frequency of the emf of AC is increased,
the effect on the value of the current will be
(a) Increases in both the circuits
(b) Decreases in both the circuits
(c) Increases in the first circuit and decreases in
the other
(d) Decreases in the first circuit and increases in
the other
 8. The frequency at which 9 mH inductor and 10
µF capacitor will have same reactance is
(a) 0.33 kHz (b) 0.53 kHz
(c) 5.3 kHz (d) 50 kHz

9. The power factor in a circuit connected to an

AC. The value of power factor is
(a) Unity when the circuit contains an ideal
resistance only
(b) Unity when the circuit contains an ideal
capacitance only
(c) Unity when the circuit contains an ideal
inductance only
(d) Zero when the circuit contains an ideal
resistance only

10. The core of any transformer is laminated so as

to
(a) Make it light weight
(b) Make it robust and strong
(c) Increase the secondary voltage
(d) Reduce the energy loss due to eddy
currents
11. If the coils of transformer are made up of thick
wires, then
(a) Joule’s heating loss is increased
(b) Joule’s heating loss is reduced
(c) Eddy current loss will be more
(d) Magnetic flux leakage is reduced

12. A step-down transformer is used on a 1000 V

line to deliver 20 A at 120 V at the secondary
coil. If the efficiency of the transformer is 80%
the current drawn from the line is
(a) 0.3 A
(b) 3 A
(c) 30 A
(d) 24 A

13. Input power at 22000 V is to be stepped down

to 220 V by a transformer with a winding of
4400 turns in the primary. What should be the
number of turns in the secondary of the
transformer ?
(a) 44
(b) 200
(c) 220
(d) 440
Answers
 T
1. (b) The current takes s to reach the peak
4
value. In the given question,
2π
= 200π
T
1
⇒T= s
100
1
∴ Time to reach the peak value = s
400

2. (b) When an AC voltage of 220 V is applied to

a capacitor C, the charge on the plates is in
phase with the applied voltage. As the circuit is
pure capacitive so, the current developed leads
◦
the applied voltage by a phase angle of 90 .
Hence, power delivered to the capacitor per
◦
cycle is, P = Vrms Irms cos 90 = 0

3. (c) In an inductor voltage leads the current by

π π
or current lags the voltage by .
2 2
4. (d) We know that,
q
2
Z= R2 + XL
X L = ωL
and, ω = 2π f
Æ
∴ Z = R2 + 4π2 f 2 L 2

5. (a) We know that,

1
XC =
2πvC
1
⇒ XC ∝
v
′
XC v
= ′
XC v
50 1
= =
200 4
′ X C 10
XC = = = 2.5Ω
4 4

6. (a) We know that,

Æ
2
Z = R + XL
2
p
= R2 + (2π f L)2
v  ‹
t 0.4 2
= (30)2 + 2π × 50 ×
π
 p
= 900 + 1600 = 50Ω
V
i=
Z
200
= =4A
50

7. (d) For the first circuit,

V
I=
Z
V
=p
R2 + ω2 L 2
∴ Increase in ω will cause a decrease in I. For
the second circuit,
V
I=s
1
R2 + 2 2
ω C
∴ Increase in ω will cause an increase in I.

8. (b) We know that,

1 1
v0 = p = p
2π LC 2π 9 × 10−3 × 10 × 10−6
10 3
= × 10 Hz = 0.530kHz
18.84
 9. (a) We know that,
R
cos φ =
Z
where Z is the impedance.
q
2
Z = R + (X L − X C )
2

If there is only resistance then,

Z =R
⇒ cos φ = 1

10. (d) The lamination on the core of the

transformer increases its resistance which
reduces eddy current.

11. (b) If thickness of wire is increased, its

resistance decreases, which reduces heat loss.

12. (b) We know that,

ES I S
η=
EP I P
Here,
η = 80%
80
=
100
 ES = 120 V
IS = 20 A
E P = 1000 V
80 120 × 20
∴ =
100 1000 × I P
or, I P = 3 A

13. (a) For step down transformer, We have,

NP < NS
NS ES
Also, =
NP E P
EP
⇒ NP = NS
ES
Substituting,
E p = 22000 V
ES = 4400 V
NS = 220
We get,
NP = 44
 ` Unit 4
Electromagnetic Induction
& Alternating Current

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š 2022 14th Sept Shift 1
1. An inductor of inductance 50 mH is in
series with a resistance, a variable
capacitance and an AC source of
frequency 2.0 kHz. What should be the
value of the capacitance so that the
current is maximum ?
(Take π = 10 )
2

(a) 6.3 nF (c) 12.5 nF

(b) 63 nF (d) 125 nF

125 nF
2. An average induced emf of 0.2 V
appears in a coil when the current in it is
changed from 5.0 A in one direction to
5.0 A in the opposite direction in 0.2 s.
The self- inductance of the coil will be
−3
(a) 4.0 × 10 H
−4
(b) 4.0 × 10 H
 −3
(c) 2.0 × 10 H
−4
(d) 2.0 × 10 H
−3
4.0 × 10 H
di
e=L
d t
10
‹
0.2 = L
0.2
0.04
L= = 0.004 = 4 × 10 H
−3
10
š 2022 13th Sept Shift 1
1. An inductor when joined to 6 V battery
draws a current of 12 A. The coils is
then connected to a capacitor and an ac
source of rms voltage 6 V in series. If
the current in the circuit is in phase with
the emf, the rms current will be
(a) 12 A
(b) 6 Ap
(c) 12p 2 A
(d) 6 2 A

12 A

V 6 1
R= = = Ω
i 12 2
6
i=
1/2
i = 12 A
2. A transformer has 50 turns in primary
and 100 turns in the secondary. It
primary is connected to 200 V ac supply,
the voltage generated at secondary will
be, assuming that the transformer is
90% efficient.
(a) 100 V
(b) 400 V
(c) 90 V
(d) 360 V

360 V
Vs Ns Vs 100
= =
Vp Np 200 50
Vs = 400
90
Vs = 400 × = 360V
100
3. A series LRC circuit is connected to a ac
source. Given L = 5H, C = 80µF and
R = 40Ω. What is the source frequency
which drives the circuit in resonance?
(a) 25/πHz
(b) 50/πHz
(c) 100/πHz
(d) 200/πHz

25/πHz

Inductance of the inductor, L = 5H

Capacitance of the capacitor,
C = 80µF = 80 × 10 F −6

Resistance of the resistor, R = 40Ω

Resonance angular frequency is given as:
1
ωr = p
LC
3
1 10
=p =
5 × 80 × 10 −6 20
ω r = 50rad/s
Since, ω = 2π f
2π f r = 50
f r = 25/πHz
š 2021 9th Sept Shift 1
2
1. A coil of area 100 cm is held
perpendicular to a magnetic field
B = 0.2 T. It is rotated by an angle 90 ◦

to make it parallel to the field in 2 s.

What is the emf produced in the coil?
−2
(a) 0.1 × 10 V
−2
(b) 0.2 × 10 V
−1
(c) 0.1 × 10 V
−3
(d) 0.2 × 10 V
−2
0.1 × 10 V
The magnetic Flux through the loop,
Φ = [B cos θ ]A
Initially coil is held perpendicular so,
θ = 90°
Bi = 0.2 T
A = 100 cm = 0.01 m
2 2

Φi = [Bi cos(θ )]A

Φi = (0.2) × cos 90° × 0.01
Φi = (0.2) × 0 × 0.01 = 0
Then, coil is made parallel so, θ =0°
Φ f = [B f cos θ ]A
Φ f = (0.2) × cos 0° × 0.01
Φ f = (0.2) × 1 × 0.01 = 0.002
The induced emf,

Φfinal − Φinitial
ϵ=N
Tfinal − Tinitial
Here, N=number of turns of coil = 1 (not
mentioned so, take 1)

0.002 − 0
ϵ=1
2−0
−2
ϵ = 0.001 V = 0.1 × 10 V
2. An ac voltage V is applied across an
impedance, that gives rise to a current I.
The angle between V and I is θ . The
power loss is
(a) VI cos θ (b) VI sin θ
(c) VI/ cos θ (d) VI/ sin θ

VI cos θ

3. A 100 V, 50 Hz ac voltage source is

applied across 2µF capacitor. The
current in the circuit is,
(a) 42 mA (b) 62.8 mA
(c) 200 mA (d) 300 mA

62.8 mA
Impedence of a capacitor is, X C = 1/ωC
1 1
XC = = −6
2πfC 2π × 50 × 2 × 10
 5000
XC = = 1591.54
π
So, current flowing,
V 100
Irms = =
X C 1591.54
= 0.0628 A = 62.8 mA

4. A step-down transformer operates on

2kV line. The ratio of the primary
winding to the secondary winding is
20 : 1. Assuming 100% efficiency, the
secondary voltage V2 is
(a) 100 V (b) 110 V
(c) 200 V (d) 250 V

100 V
Vs NS Ns
= ⇒ Vs = × Vp
Vp Np Np
1
⇒ Vs = × 2000 V = 100 V
20
5. A series LRC circuit is connected to a ac
source. Given L = 5H, C = 80µF and
R = 40Ω. What is the source frequency
which drives the circuit in resonance?
(a) 25/πHz
(b) 50/πHz
(c) 100/πHz
(d) 200/πHz

25/πHz

Inductance of the inductor, L = 5H

Capacitance of the capacitor,
C = 80µF = 80 × 10 F −6

Resistance of the resistor, R = 40Ω

Resonance angular frequency is given as:

1
ωr = p
LC
3
1 10
=p = = 50rad/s
5 × 80 × 10−6 20
Since, ω = 2π f
2π f r = 50
f r = 25/π Hz
š 2021 9th Sept Shift 2
1. When the current in a certain coil is
changing at a rate of 3 A/s it is found
that an emf of 7mV is induced in a
nearby coil. What is the mutual
inductance of the combination.
(a) 0.33mH
(b) 1.66mH
(c) 2.00mH
(d) 2.33mH

2.33mH
di
=3
dt ‚ Œ
di
e=L
dt
7 × 10 = L(3)
−3

7
L = × 10 = 2.33 × 10
−3 −3
4
2. A capacitor is in series with a resistor of
30Ω and is connected to a 220 V ac line.
The reactance of this capacitor is 30Ω.
What is the phase angle between the
current and the supply voltage?
◦ ◦
(a) −30 (b) −45
◦ ◦
(c) −60 (d) 90
◦
−45
3. What is the resonant frequency of a
circuit of negligible resistance
containing an inductance of 90mH and
capacitance 1600pF ?
41.6 52.5
(a) kHz (b) kHz
π π
61.6 71.6
(c) kHz (d) kHz
π π
41.6
kHz
π
p p
LC = 90 × 10 × 1600 × 10
−3 −12
p
= 9 × 16 × 10 −12 = 12 × 10−6

6
1 1 10
f = p = −6
=
2π LC 2π × 12 × 10 24π
4 4
100 × 10 4.16 × 10
= =
24π π
3
41.6 × 10
=
π
š 2021 8th Sept Shift 1
1. An inductor joined to 6 V battery draws
12 A current. The inductor and a
capacitor is connected to ac source of
rms voltage 6 V in series. If the current
in the circuit is in phase with the emf,
the rms current is
(a) 6 A
p
(b) 12/ 2 A
(c) 12 A
p
(d) 12 2 A

12 A
Resistance of coil
= VDC/IDC = 6/12 = 0.5Ω

In an AC circuit, the current is in phase

with emf. This means that the net
reactance of the circuit is zero. The
impedance is equal to the resistance, i.e.,
Z = 0.5Ω

Voltage r ms
Current r ms =
Z
6
= = 12 A
0.5
2. An alternating current having peak
value of 14 A used to heat a metal wire.
To produce heating effect, a constant
current i can be used where i is
(a) 14 A
(b) About 20 A
(c) 7 A
(d) About 10 A

About 10 A
The rms value an AC current is equal to
the dc current that delivers the same
average power to a resistor as the
periodic current. Therefore, the constant
current i that produces the same heating
effect as AC current of peak value 14A, in
a metal wire is :
Ipeak 14
Irms = p = p = 9.899 A
2 2
= About 10 A
š 2021 8th Sept Shift 2
1. In which of the following cases, eddy
current is not used to our advantage?
(a) transformer
(b) electromagnetic braking
(c) induction furnace
(d) electromagnetic damping

transformer
2. Figure shows the variations current i
with angular frequency ω in series RLC
series circuit. The two curves are due to
variations of :

(a) L
(b) C
(c) L and C
(d) R

R
3. In a transformer, laminated iron core is
used to reduce the loss due to,
(a) Flux leakage
(b) Resistance of the windings
(c) Eddy currents
(d) Hysteresis

Eddy currents
š 2021 7th Sept Shift 1
1. Two conducting circular loops of radii R1
and R2 are placed in the same plane
with their centres coinciding. The
mutual inductance between them will
be, (R2 << R1)
µ0πR1
2
µ0πR2
2
(a) (b)
R2 R1
µ0πR1
2
µ0πR2
2
(c) (d)
2R2 2R1

µ0πR2
2

2R1

Assume current i passes through outer

loop.
µ0 i
Then B = and φ = BA
2R1
 µ0 i 2
φ= πR2
2R1
Using φ = M × i
µ0πR2
2
Mutual inductance, M =
2R1

2. An alternating current having peak

value of 14 A is used to heat a metal
wire. To produce the same heating
effect, if we use constant current i, then
i will be nearly
(a) 14 A (b) 20 A
(c) 7 A (d) 10 A

10 A
The rms value an AC current is equal to
the dc current that delivers the same
average power to a resistor as the
periodic current. Therefore, the constant
current i that produces the same heating
 effect as AC current of peak value 14 A,
in a metal wire is :
Ipeak 14
Irms = p = p = 9.899 A
2 2

3. The ac voltage across a resistance can be

measured using
(a) A potentiometer
(b) Moving coil galvanometer
(c) A hot wire voltmeter
(d) A moving magnet galvanometer

A hot wire voltmeter

š 2021 7th Sept Shift 2
1. In an ac circuit, the potential difference
(v) across a device and the current (I)
flowing through it are V = 10 cos ωt V
and I = 5 sin ωt A respectively. The
power dissipated by the device is
(a) Zero (b) 5 W
(c) 10 W (d) 25 W

Zero
The voltage can be written as,
V = 10 cos ωt

π
 ‹
V = 10 sin ωt +
2
The angle between the voltage and the
◦
current is 90
P = VrmsIrms cos φ
◦
= VrmsIrms cos 90 = 0
š 2020 22nd Sept Shift 1
1. Working of induction furnace is based
on the principle of
(a) Heating effect of current
(b) Eddy current effect
(c) Mutual induction
(d) Self induction

Eddy current effect

2. A 20µF capacitor is connected to a
200V, 50Hz ac source. Its capacitive
reactance is
(a) 5π × 10 Ω
3

(b) 5π × 10 Ω2

(c) (5/π) × 10 Ω
2

(d) (5/π) × 10 Ω1

(5/π) × 10 Ω
2

Given : C = 20 × 10 F
−6

Frequency of source f = 50 Hz
1
Capacitive reactance X C =
2π f C
1
= −6
= 5/π × 102
Ω
2π × 50 × 20 × 10
3. A square loop of side 10cm is placed
vertically in the east west plane. A
uniform magnetic field of 0.1 T is set up
across the plane of the loop in the
northeast direction. The flux linked with
the loop is
p −2
(a) p2 × 10 Wb
−3
(b) 2p × 10 Wb
(c) (1/ p2) × 10 Wb
−2

(d) (1/ 2) × 10 Wb−3

p
(1/ 2) × 10 Wb
−3

The magnetic field is given by

φ = BAcos θ Given, B = 0.10T,
Area of square loop
= 10 × 10 = 100 cm 2

= 10 m
−2 2
−2
0.1 × 10 1
∴φ= p Wb = p × 10 Wb
−3
2 2
š 2020 22nd Sept Shift 2
1. The power factor for an L − C − R series
circuit at resonance is
(a) 0.25 (b) 0.5
(c) 0.707 (d) 1

1
R
Power factor is defined as cos φ =
Z
Here, R is resistance and Z is impedence.
Now we know that,
1
ωL −
ωC
tan φ =
R
1
At resonance, ωL − =0
ωC
⇒ tan φ = 0
⇒φ=0
⇒ cos φ = 1
2. The frequency for which 5µF capacitor
has reactance of 10 Ω, is
−3

2 5
10 10
(a) Hz (b) Hz
π π
8 9
10 10
(c) Hz (d) Hz
π π
8
10
Hz
π
1
XC =
2πνC
1 1
⇒ =
1000 2π × ν × 5 × 10 −6
8
100 10
⇒ν= MHz = Hz
π π
3. For a solenoid of length l, area of
cross-section A, inductance L and with
number of turns N , the self inductance
increases as
(a) both l and A increase
(b) l increases and A decreases
(c) l decreases and A increases
(d) both l and A decrease

l decreases and A increases

If L is the self-inductance of the solenoid,
then
µ0 N A
2
L=
l
1
L ∝ A and L ∝
l
š 2020 17th Sept Shift 1
1. The magnetic energy stored in a
solenoid in terms of magnetic field B,
cross sectional area A and length l of the
solenoid is
2 2
(a) B Al/µ0 (c) B Al/2µ0
(b) BAl/2µ0 (d) BAl/µ0

2
B Al/2µ0

2. A transmission line feeds input power at

2200 V to a step down transformer
having primary winding of 1000 turns.
To get the output power at 220 V, the
number of turns in the secondary
winding will be
(a) 50
(b) 100
 (c) 1000
(d) 10000

100

3. A series LCR circuit is connected to an ac

source of frequency 50 Hz. If the value
of the inductor is 100mH; for resonance,
the value of the capacitor is (take
π = 10 )
2

(a) 1µF
(b) 10µF
(c) 100µF
(d) 1000µF

100µF
š 2020 17th Sept Shift 2
1. A solenoid has an area A and length L,
number of turns per unit length n. If B is
the magnetic field, then magnetic
energy stored in the solenoid is given by
1 µ0 n
 ‹
(a) L
2 B
1 µ0 n
 ‹2
(b) L
2 B
 2
1 B
(c) L
2 µ0 n
 
1 B
(c) L
2 µ0 n
 2
1 B
L
2 µ0 n
2. Eddy current is gainfully employed in
(a) Transformer
(b) Electromagnet
(c) Induction furnace
(d) Electric motor

Induction furnace
3. A small signal voltage V(t) = V0 sin ωt is
applied across an ideal inductor. Which
of the following statements is correct
(a) The phase of current I(t) is behind the
◦
phase of the voltage by 90
(b) There is no phase difference between
current and voltage
(c) Over a full cycle, the inductor does not
consume any energy from the voltage
source
(d) The phase of the current leads the
◦
phase of the voltage by 180

Option 1 and 3 are correct

š 2020 16th Sept Shift 1
1. In an ac generator, a coil with N turns,
all having same area A and total
resistance Rs rotates with angular
frequency ω in a uniform magnetic field
B. The peak value of emf generated will
be,
(a) NAB
(b) NABR
(c) NABω
(d) NABRω

NABω
2. The correct representation of variation
of capacitative reactance X C with
frequency f is

(a)

(b)
(c)

(d)

Option 1
1
XC =
Cπ f
X C and f are inversely proportional.
3. Two coils are placed close to each other
such that time varying current in one
coil generates time varying current in
the other. The mutual inductance
between the coils depend on
(a) The rate of change of current in
two coils
(b) Materials of the wires used in
two coils
(c) Currents in two coils
(d) The relative position and orientation
of two coils

The relative position and orientation

of two coils
The coupled flux of two coils system is
used to define the mutual inductance
between the coils.
The mutual inductance between the coils
 N2φ21
is M21 =
I1
So it is defined as the proportionality
between the emf generated in coil 2 due
to the current flows in coil 1.
Thus it depends on the relative position
and orientation of two coils.

4. The core of transformer is laminated so

that
(a) Copper loss is minimized
(b) Eddy current loss is minimized
(c) Rusting of core is stopped
(d) Change in flux is increased

Eddy current loss is minimized

5. A 20Ω electric heater is connected to
100 V, 50 Hz supply. The peak value of
electric current flowing in the circuit is
nearly
(a) 2.5 A
(b) 5.0 A
(c) 7.0 A
(d) 10 A

7.0 A
Vrms = 100 V
p
Vmax = 100 × 2 = 141.4
Vmax 141.4
imax = = =7A
R 20
š 2020 16th Sept Shift 2
1. The graph gives the dependence of two
reactive impedances X 1 and X 2 on the
frequency of AC voltage applied across
them.

We can say
(a) X 1 is an inductor, X 2 a capacitor
(b) X 1 is a resistor, X 2 a capacitor
(c) X 1 is a capacitor, X 2 an inductor
(d) X 1 is a capacitor, X 2 a resistor

X 1 is a capacitor, X 2 an inductor

The inductive reactance in A.C. circuit

X L = X 2 = ωL
X2 ∝ ω ∴ X2 ∝ f
The capacitive reactance
1
XC = X1 =
ωC
1 1
X1 ∝ ∴ X1 ∝
ω f
 −1
2. Current varying at the rate 4As in a
coil generates an emf of 16mV in a
nearby coil. The mutual inductance of
the two coils is
−3
(a) 4.0 × 10 mH
−3
(b) 4.0 × 10 H
−2
(c) 2.5 × 10 H
−2
(d) 2.5 × 10 mH
−3
4.0 × 10 H
di
= 4 A/s e.m.f. = 8mV
dt
di
|e| = M
dt
⇒ 16 × 10 = M × 4
−3

−3
⇒ 4 × 10 H
3. If a current of 10 A in a coil of
self-inductance 5mH is cut off in time
0.1 s, the induced emf in the coil is
(a) 0.5 V
(b) 50mV
(c) 5mV
(d) 0.5mV

0.5 V
di
Induced emf ε = L
dt
10
= 5 × 10 ×
−3
0.1
= 0.5 V

4. The core of a transformer is made of

(a) Copper (b) Aluminium
(c) Soft iron (d) Steel

Soft iron
5. In an AC circuit having only a capacitor,
the current
(a) Lags behind voltage by π/2 in phase
(b) Leads the voltage by π/2 in phase
(c) Leads the voltage by π in phase
(d) Lags behind voltage by π in phase

Leads the voltage by π/2 in phase

For a purely capacitive circuit current

leads the voltage by π/2 in phase.
š 2019 1st July Shift 1
1. A current of 0.2 A flowing through a coil
is increasing at a constant rate 0.4 A/s.
If the power flows through the coil is 0.4
W, the self - inductance of the coil is

(a) 1.25 H (c) 5 H

(b) 2.5 H (d) 10 H

5H
2. If the vertical component of earth’s
−5 2
magnetic field is 6 × 10 Wb/m . What
will be the induced potential difference
between the rails of meter gauge train
(the speed of train is 36 km/h) ?
−1 −4
(a) 2 × 10 V (c) 3 × 10 V
−4 −4
(b) 6 × 10 V (d) 9 × 10 V
−4
6 × 10 V
3. In a uniform magnetic field of induction
⃗ , a wire in the form of closed semicircle
B
AOCA of radius ‘ r ’ rotates about the
diameter of the circle with angular
frequency ‘ ω ’ as shown in figure. The
axis of rotation is perpendicular to the
field. If the total resistance of the circuit
is ‘ R ’ , the mean power generated for
period of rotation is

(a) Bπr ω/2R

2
(c) (Bπrω)
/2R
2

2 2
(b) Bπr ω /8R
2
(d) Bπrω /8R
2

2
Bπr ω /8R
2
› Publisher : Libgen Books
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 ¼te
A Stepwise Solutions of some
questions have not been given
intentionally.
A It’s Lets you to force your mind and
solve it so that you can recall and
remember the concept behind the
question.